{ "id": 6137386, "name": "Earnest L. BRAGG v. EVANS-ST. CLAIR, INC.", "name_abbreviation": "Bragg v. Evans-St. Clair, Inc.", "decision_date": "1985-05-15", "docket_number": "CA 84-399", "first_page": "53", "last_page": "58", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "15 Ark. App. 53" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "688 S.W.2d 956" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark. Ct. App.", "id": 13370, "name": "Arkansas Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "660 S.W.2d 941", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 6135969, 1742382 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/10/0001-01", "/ark/281/0068-01" ] }, { "cite": "10 Ark. App. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6135969 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/10/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "221 Ark. 5", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1656503 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1952, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/221/0005-01" ] }, { "cite": "233 Ark. 786", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1691761 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1961, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/233/0786-01" ] }, { "cite": "10 Ark. App. 313", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6141834 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/10/0313-01" ] }, { "cite": "244 Ark. 544", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8721376 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1968, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/244/0544-01" ] }, { "cite": "10 Ark. App. 254", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6140886 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "260-61" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/10/0254-01" ] }, { "cite": "237 Ark. 468", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1737937 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1964, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "475" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/237/0468-01" ] }, { "cite": "248 Ark. 465", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1597689 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1970, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "469" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/248/0465-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 464, "char_count": 8467, "ocr_confidence": 0.913, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.1511994430355037e-07, "percentile": 0.7685237633545431 }, "sha256": "e1b226452ccabd7270835cad03efba870a674b748fc58e2f2a5d1d12121e816c", "simhash": "1:2cc2813d8d0453d9", "word_count": 1412 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:08:52.139004+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Cooper and Cloninger, JJ., agree." ], "parties": [ "Earnest L. BRAGG v. EVANS-ST. CLAIR, INC." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Melvin Mayfield, Judge.\nThis is an appeal from the Workers\u2019 Compensation Commission. On January 28,1983, the appellant, Earnest L. Bragg, suffered a compensable injury to his neck. At that time he was employed by the appellee, Evans-St. Clair, Incorporated, and was earning $5.65 per hour. Following surgery, appellant returned to work for appellee and was subsequently given the job of assistant supervisor. At a hearing before an administrative law judge, the appellant testified that he was currently earning $6.03 per hour, having received an across-the-board wage increase and an increase based on merit. Appellant also testified that he was performing essentially the same duties as before his injury, and that the only duty which he could not now perform was sliding a 600-pound object. However, he stated that he had the authority to delegate that duty to other employees.\nAppellant\u2019s treating physician expressed the opinion that appellant had a permanent, partial physical impairment of 5% to the body as a whole, and another physician fixed the impairment at 15%. The law judge held that appellant failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that he sustained a loss of wage-earning capacity as a result of his injury and assessed his permanent partial disability at 10% to the body as a whole. The Commission affirmed and adopted the opinion of the administrative law judge.\nOn appeal, appellant argues that the Commission erred in finding that he suffered no wage-loss disability. The administrative law judge stated in his opinion:\nArkansas has also recognized the doctrine that there is a rebuttable presumption that the wages actually received by an injured employee are equal to his wage-earning capacity. Because of the claimant\u2019s own testimony that he is able to perform the duties of his employment, I am of the opinion that the presumption just referred to has not been rebutted.\nAppellant disagrees with the law judge and contends that the presumption referred to is not recognized in Arkansas law. He argues that by adopting that opinion the Commission erred \u201cin adding the burden of overcoming this presumption to [his] burden of proof by the preponderance of the evidence.\u201d Appellant also contends that he suffered a loss of capacity to earn and points to evidence that he no longer can move a 600-pound object, that other employees now do his heavy work, and that he no longer fishes, hunts, or gardens because he has to save his strength so he can work.\nIt is settled law that the burden rests on the claimant to establish his claim for compensation. Voss v. Ward\u2019s Pulpwood Yard, 248 Ark. 465, 469, 452 S.W.2d 629 (1970). The standard of proof before the Commission is the preponderance of the evidence. Potlatch Forests, Inc. v. Smith, 237 Ark. 468, 475, 374 S.W.2d 166 (1964). We have recognized that there is a rule of liberal construction which requires the Commission to draw all reasonable inferences favorably to the claimant, Central Maloney, Inc. v. York, 10 Ark. App. 254, 663 S.W.2d 196 (1984), but that case also holds that this rule is not a substitute for the claimant\u2019s burden of establishing his claim by a preponderance of the evidence. 10 Ark. App. at 260-61.\nArk. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 81-1302(e) (Repl. 1976) defines \u201cdisability\u201d as \"incapacity because of injury to earn, in the same or any other employment, the wages which the employee was receiving at the time of the injury.\u2019\u2019'\u2019 (Emphasis added.) In awarding disability benefits for an injury to the body as a whole, it is the Commission\u2019s duty to determine from the evidence, if the claimant\u2019s injury has impaired his capacity to earn the wages he earned prior to the injury. When the claimant returns to work and earns as much as or more than he did prior to his injury, then the necessary and logical inference, absent any contrary evidence, is. that the claimant has not suffered a loss of earning capacity.\nThis principle is discussed by Professor Larson in connection with two presumptions which are generally mentioned in determining wage-loss disability. One is: \u201cIf the employee, as often happens, returns to his former work for the same employer after his injury, or is offered it, at a wage at least as high as before, there is a presumption against loss of earning capacity.\u201d 2 Larson, Workmen\u2019s Compensation Law \u00a7 57.22 (Rel. Nov. 1980). Larson states that this presumption may be overcome by other evidence showing that the actual earnings do not fairly reflect the claimant\u2019s capacity. Id. at \u00a7 57.31.\nThe second presumption is that \u201cactual post-injury earnings will create a presumption of earning capacity commensurate with them, but the presumption may be rebutted by evidence independently showing incapacity or explaining away the post-injury earnings as an unreliable basis for estimating capacity.\u201d Id. at \u00a7 57.21.\nAlthough the first presumption is quoted in the concurring opinion of Abbott v. Leavell & Company, 244 Ark. 544, 426 S.W.2d 166 (1968), the appellant is correct in his assertion that Arkansas courts have not expressly recognized the existence of the presumptions as Larson has stated them. But, we think the presumptions referred to by Larson are simply used to mean \u201cburden of proof\u2019 in the sense of placing both the burden of introducing evidence and the burden of persuasion on the claimant. In that sense the appellate courts of Arkansas have recognized the presumptions referred to by Larson.\nThus, in City of Fayetteville v. Guess, 10 Ark. App. 313, 663 S.W.2d 946 (1984), this court stated:\nIt is well settled that a worker who sustains an injury to the body as a whole may be entitled to wage loss disability in addition to his anatomical loss. Glass v. Edens, 233 Ark. 786, 346 S.W.2d 685 (1961). In determining the additional wage loss disability the Commission may take into consideration the worker\u2019s age, education, work experience, medical evidence and other matters reasonably expected to affect the worker\u2019s future earning power. A worker may be entitled to additional wage loss disability even though his wages remain the same or increase after the injury. Lion Oil Company v. Reeves, 221 Ark. 5, 254 S.W.2d 450 (1952).\nAnd in Terrell v. Austin Bridge Co., 10 Ark. App. 1, 660 S.W.2d 941 (1983), we quoted from Abbott v. Leavell & Company, supra, where the majority opinion said \u201cbecause appellant is making as much money now as he did before does not necessarily mean he has the \u2018capacity\u2019 to earn that much.\u201d We also quoted from the concurring opinion\u2019s quotation from Larson. We concluded in Terrell as follows:\nFrom the above, we think it clear that a person injured on the job may suffer disability because of a physical loss or because of an inability to earn as much as he was earning when he was hurt and that a person can be disabled who has lost either or both. ... In the instant case, appellant was earning higher wages at the time of the hearing than he was at the time of the accident. Whether he had a compensable disability, however, was a question for the Commission to determine under the law we have discussed. We must affirm that decision unless we are convinced that fair-minded men could not have reached the same conclusion.\nIn the instant case the administrative law judge made this finding: \u201cThe claimant has failed to prove by the preponderance of the evidence that he has sustained a loss of earning capacity over and above the impairment rating.\u201d We think the law judge used the proper standard of proof and did not simply apply a presumption to find that appellant had no wage-loss disability merely because he was earning more money after his injury. However, we review the Commission\u2019s decision, not the decision of the law judge, and we affirm the Commission if its decision is supported by substantial evidence. Potlatch Forests, Inc. v. Smith, supra. There is evidence that appellant is an excellent worker. There is no evidence that he is not doing his job well, that his wage increases were the result of sympathy, or that his earnings are not commensurate with his earning capacity.\nWe find that the Commission\u2019s decision is supported by substantial evidence and it is affirmed.\nCooper and Cloninger, JJ., agree.", "type": "majority", "author": "Melvin Mayfield, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Gary Eubanks & Associates, by: James Gerard Schulze, for appellant.", "Shackleford, Shackleford & Phillips, P.A., for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Earnest L. BRAGG v. EVANS-ST. CLAIR, INC.\nCA 84-399\n688 S.W.2d 956\nCourt of Appeals of Arkansas Division I\nOpinion delivered May 15, 1985\nGary Eubanks & Associates, by: James Gerard Schulze, for appellant.\nShackleford, Shackleford & Phillips, P.A., for appellee." }, "file_name": "0053-01", "first_page_order": 75, "last_page_order": 80 }