{ "id": 6137713, "name": "FIRST STATE BANK & TRUST CO., Executor of the Estate of Kay Carroll, Deceased v. Dewayne SLEDGE", "name_abbreviation": "First State Bank & Trust Co. v. Sledge", "decision_date": "1989-10-04", "docket_number": "CA 89-146", "first_page": "77", "last_page": "80", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "29 Ark. App. 77" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "777 S.W.2d 227" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark. Ct. App.", "id": 13370, "name": "Arkansas Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "14 Ark. App. 304", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6142325 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/14/0304-01" ] }, { "cite": "277 Ark. 458", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1750230 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/277/0458-01" ] }, { "cite": "279 Ark. 382", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1747013 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/279/0382-01" ] }, { "cite": "22 Ark. App. 184", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6661031 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/22/0184-01" ] }, { "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 4-3-102", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "Ark. Code Ann.", "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "c" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "269 Ark. 925", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1712515 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "930-31" }, { "page": "900" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/269/0925-01" ] }, { "cite": "18 Ark. App. 104", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6138530 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "106" }, { "page": "849" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/18/0104-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 343, "char_count": 4613, "ocr_confidence": 0.919, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.1748710059930135 }, "sha256": "d3f51effec9eb359d2e4239b9576fbf97aadf4d02e79295de68e55c3f12c9d7a", "simhash": "1:91c44810542ff716", "word_count": 796 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:00:46.162740+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Cooper and Rogers, JJ., agree." ], "parties": [ "FIRST STATE BANK & TRUST CO., Executor of the Estate of Kay Carroll, Deceased v. Dewayne SLEDGE" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Melvin Mayfield, Judge.\nAppellant brings this appeal from the Faulkner County Circuit Court\u2019s dismissal of its complaint against appellee to collect $2,500.00 alleged to be owed the estate of Kay Carroll.\nThe evidence is not in dispute. An officer of appellant bank, testified that the bank was appointed guardian of Kay Carroll in February of 1987. After this suit was filed, Ms. Carroll died. The bank was then appointed executor of her estate and timely revived the suit against the appellee. The bank officer testified that a check dated June 30, 1986, was found among Ms. Carroll\u2019s papers. The check is signed by Kay Carroll, is made payable to appellee for $2,500.00, has the word \u201cloan\u201d written on the memo line on the front of the check, and has stamped information on the back which indicates it was paid by the bank. The bank officer also testified that, prior to the bank\u2019s assuming guardianship, he did not know Ms. Carroll and had no knowledge of her business affairs. He testified that he did not have any knowledge about the circumstances surrounding the check and did not know whether she loaned appellee any money. Appellant then rested its case, appellee moved to dismiss for failure to present a prima facie case, and the court granted the motion.\nAppellant urges that the dismissal was erroneous because the introduction of the check into evidence constituted prima facie evidence of debt and shifted to appellee the burden of going forward with evidence to avoid the prima facie case made by appellant. We do not agree. In order for the check to be actionable, as appellant contends, it had to be in the nature of a note. However, \u201c[a]n instrument cannot be a note unless it contains an absolute and unconditional promise to pay money.\u201d Pack v. Hill, 18 Ark. App. 104, 106, 710 S.W.2d 847, 849 (1986), citing Parker v. Pledger, 269 Ark. 925, 930-31, 601 S.W.2d 897, 900 (Ark. App. 1980). Also, under our Uniform Commercial Code a \u201cpromise\u201d is \u201can undertaking to pay\u201d but it \u201cmust be more than an acknowledgment of an obligation.\u201d See Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 4-3-102( 1)(c) (1987).\nThe appellant relies upon Carpenter v. Schneider, 22 Ark. App. 184, 737 S.W.2d 656 (1987), but we think this case differs considerably from Carpenter. In Carpenter, there was a check signed by Schneider, made payable to Carpenter, and it was admitted by Carpenter that he had cashed the check. However, Carpenter also testified that the check was a portion of a sum to be advanced by Schneider for them to go into business together, and he said he had repaid Schneider the amount of the check. We held that the trial court was correct in holding that Carpenter had the burden of proving his affirmative defense of payment, and the trial court\u2019s finding that this burden had not been met was not clearly against a preponderance of the evidence. In the case at bar, the cancelled check, with the word \u201cloan\u201d thereon, is simply not enough to make a prima facie case against the appellee.\nIn Green v. Gowen, 279 Ark. 382, 652 S.W.2d 624 (1983), the Supreme Court of Arkansas said:\nIn determining on appeal the correctness of the trial court\u2019s action concerning a motion for a directed verdict by either party, we view the evidence that is most favorable to the party against whom the verdict is sought and give it the highest probative value, taking into account all the reasonable inferences deducible from it. The motion should be granted only if the evidence so viewed would be so insubstantial as to require a jury verdict for the party to be set aside. Pritchard v. Times Southwest Broadcasting, Inc., 277 Ark. 458, 642 S.W.2d 877 (1982).\nThe case at bar was tried by the judge without a jury. The sufficiency of the evidence was raised by a motion to dismiss made at the conclusion of the appellant\u2019s evidence. This was in keeping with Ark. R. Civ. P. 50(a) and should have been granted if the appellant\u2019s evidence was so insubstantial that a jury verdict for appellant would have to be set aside. Suzuki of Russellville, Inc. v. Mid-Century Ins. Co., 14 Ark. App. 304, 688 S.W.2d 305 (1985). Under the law and evidence as above discussed, we agree that the trial court was correct in granting appellee\u2019s motion to dismiss the appellant\u2019s complaint.\nAffirmed.\nCooper and Rogers, JJ., agree.", "type": "majority", "author": "Melvin Mayfield, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Phil Stratton and Casey Jones, by: Phil Stratton, for appellant.", "Brazil, Clawson & Adlong, by: William Clay Brazil, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "FIRST STATE BANK & TRUST CO., Executor of the Estate of Kay Carroll, Deceased v. Dewayne SLEDGE\nCA 89-146\n777 S.W.2d 227\nCourt of Appeals of Arkansas Division I\nOpinion delivered October 4, 1989\nPhil Stratton and Casey Jones, by: Phil Stratton, for appellant.\nBrazil, Clawson & Adlong, by: William Clay Brazil, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0077-01", "first_page_order": 99, "last_page_order": 102 }