{ "id": 6139087, "name": "Beverly CLARDY v. MEDI-HOMES LTC SERVICES, LLC, and Union Pacific Insurance Company", "name_abbreviation": "Clardy v. Medi-Homes LTC Services., LLC", "decision_date": "2001-09-26", "docket_number": "CA 01-200", "first_page": "156", "last_page": "163", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "75 Ark. App. 156" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "55 S.W.3d 791" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark. Ct. App.", "id": 13370, "name": "Arkansas Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "66 Ark. App. 153", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6138546 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/66/0153-01" ] }, { "cite": "74 Ark. App. 400", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6142033 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/74/0400-01" ] }, { "cite": "49 S.W.3d 126", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.3d", "case_ids": [ 6141492 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "329" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/74/0322-01" ] }, { "cite": "74 Ark. App. 332", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "339 Ark. 474", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 130684 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding that the employer gleaned a benefit from the appellant remaining near his work station to monitor machines, which was a requirement of his job duties, and therefore, the appellant was performing employment services" }, { "parenthetical": "holding that the employer gleaned a benefit from the appellant remaining near his work station to monitor machines, which was a requirement of his job duties, and therefore, the appellant was performing employment services" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/339/0474-01" ] }, { "cite": "55 Ark. App. 343", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6142965 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1997, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/55/0343-01" ] }, { "cite": "990 S.W.3d 558", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.3d", "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "66 Ark. App. 177", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6139035 ], "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "179" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/66/0177-01" ] }, { "cite": "42 S.W.3d 822", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.3d", "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "73 Ark. App. 146", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6138609 ], "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/73/0146-01" ] }, { "cite": "66 Ark. App. 201", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6139498 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/66/0201-01" ] }, { "cite": "267 Ark. 810", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1719959 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/267/0810-01" ] }, { "cite": "74 Ark. App. 395", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6141978 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/74/0395-01" ] }, { "cite": "72 Ark. App. 450", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6142248 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/72/0450-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 702, "char_count": 12441, "ocr_confidence": 0.777, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.293698920196963e-07, "percentile": 0.7865690239083437 }, "sha256": "366de89cf4984c386289c10c7b0a2aa562af0542ce5f1ebf22c1d807da0245d7", "simhash": "1:e537ee342cebe38e", "word_count": 1995 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:52:09.138779+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Hart, J., agrees.", "PITTMAN, J., concurs in the result." ], "parties": [ "Beverly CLARDY v. MEDI-HOMES LTC SERVICES, LLC, and Union Pacific Insurance Company" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "LAYTON Roaf, Judge.\nBeverly Clardy appeals from a Workers\u2019 Compensation Commission ruling that injuries she sustained in a fall at work did not occur at a time when employment services were being performed because she had briefly walked across a driveway to speak to a co-worker while she was engaged in taking waste material to an outside storage area. The Commission consequently reversed the Administrative Law Judge\u2019s determination that Clardy had established that she sustained a com-pensable injury and denied benefits. The substantial-evidence standard of review requires that we affirm this case.\nOn July 28, 1998, Beverly Clardy, twenty-four years old and pregnant, was employed in the dietary area of Medi-Home Nursing Home. Her duties on that date included emptying waste from dirty dishes into \u201cslop buckets\u201d and taking the buckets to a rear outside storage area. As Clardy was returning from the storage area to retrieve a second bucket, she deviated approximately ten feet across a paved driveway adjoining a sidewalk to speak to an off-duty coworker whose car was parked in the drive. Clardy testified that the area was slippery because mop water was routinely dumped there by employees, and that she slipped and fell down a grassy hill adjoining the driveway, fracturing her ankle. The co-worker, Jeremy Cox, testified that he was preparing to fish at a pond located behind the nursing home when he saw Clardy at the hack door pushing a slop bucket, that they exchanged \u201chellos,\u201d and that when he looked up again Clardy had fallen.\nThe ALJ found that Clardy and Cox presented credible testimony and that Clardy\u2019s fall and resulting injuries occurred on the employer\u2019s premises, during her regular working hours, at a time when she was on duty and being paid, and while she was carrying out an assigned duty of transporting garbage and trash to a designated storage area. The ALJ further found that the digression of ten to twelve feet from the most direct route back to the kitchen to speak to a co-worker was only a \u201cde minimus deviation\u201d and was not sufficient to take her outside the course and scope of her employment. The Commission reversed the ALJ, issuing majority, concurring, and dissenting opinions. The majority opinion found that Clardy had to get off the sidewalk and cross the pavement to get to the place she fell, characterizing this deviation as an \u201cunscheduled and unauthorized break,\u201d and further stated that Clardy had \u201cdiverted from her job duties\u201d in \u201csocial activities for [her] personal pleasure\u201d that did not further the interests of her employer when she sustained injuries. In its opinion, the Commission allowed that \u201cif [Clardy] had merely said, \u2018hello\u2019 on the way back inside,\u201d and \u201chad not gone over to the car to chat,\u201d her fall would have been compensable. Clardy appeals from the finding that she was not performing employment services at the time of her injury and from the denial of benefits.\nOn review, this court will affirm if the Commission\u2019s decision is supported by substantial evidence. Spencer v. Stone Container Corp., 72 Ark. App. 450, 38 S.W.3d 909 (2001). To determine if the decision is supported by substantial evidence, this Court views the evidence in the fight most favorable to the Commission\u2019s findings and affirms if reasonable minds could have reached the same conclusion. Id. Where a claim is denied because the claimant has failed to show an entitlement to compensation by a preponderance of the evidence, the substantial-evidence standard of review requires the reviewing court to affirm the Commission if its opinion displays a substantial basis for the denial of relief. Hislip v. Helena/West Helena Sch., 74 Ark. App. 395, 48 S.W.3d 566 (2001); see also, Williams v. Arkansas Oak Flooring Co., 267 Ark. 810, 590 S.W.2d 328 (Ark. App. 1979). The injured party bears the burden of proof in establishing entitlement to benefits under the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act and must sustain that burden by a preponderance of the evidence. Dalton v. Allen Eng\u2019g Co., 66 Ark. App. 201, 989 S.W.2d 543 (1999). The provisions of the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act were formerly construed liberally. However, Act 796 changed the former practice and mandated that the Commission and the courts construe the provisions strictly. Wheeler Constr. Co. v. Armstrong, 73 Ark. App. 146, 42 S.W.3d 822 (2001). See Ark.Code Ann. \u00a7 11-9-704 (c)(3) (Repl. 1996).\nIn this case, the Commission considered the evidence presented in fight of Arkansas Code Annotated \u00a7 11-9-102(4)(B)(iii) (Supp. 1999), which states that \u201ccompensable injury\u201d does not include \u201c[i]njury which was inflicted at a time when employment services were not being performed. . . .\u201d Arkansas Code Annotated \u00a7 11-9-102(4)(A)(I) (Supp. 1999), defines a \u201ccom-pensable injury\u201d as follows:\n[a]n accidental injury causing internal or external physical harm to the body . . . arising out of and in the course of employment and which requires medical services or results in disability or death. An injury is \u201caccidental\u201d if it is caused by a specific incident and is identifiable by time and place of occurrence. . . .\nAlthough distinguishable from the case at bar, Arkansas case law has addressed situations where both employment services and personal services were being performed concurrendy, and the activity thus served a dual purpose. This Court stated that the test for determining whether an employee is acting within the course of employment as required for a compensable injury is whether the injury occurred \u201cwithin time and space boundaries of employment, when the employee is carrying out the employer\u2019s purpose or advancing employer\u2019s interests direcdy or indirecdy.\u201d Ray v. University of Arkansas, 66 Ark. App. 177, 179, 990 S.W.3d 558 (1999) (finding that appellant performed employment services when her employer received a benefit from the appellant\u2019s presence during her break by the requirement that she leave her break if a student needed her assistance, and she was injured when she slipped on salad dressing while reaching for a snack from the cafeteria for her own consumption) (citing Olsten Kimberly Quality Care v. Pettey, 55 Ark. App. 343, 934 S.W. 2d 956 (1997)). See White v. Georgia Pacific Corp., 339 Ark. 474, 6 S.W.3d 98 (1999) (holding that the employer gleaned a benefit from the appellant remaining near his work station to monitor machines, which was a requirement of his job duties, and therefore, the appellant was performing employment services).\nThis court also has recently addressed the meaning of performing \u201cemployment services\u201d where the employee\u2019s personal comfort was at issue. See Matlock v. Arkansas Blue Cross Blue Shield, 74 Ark. App. 332, 49 S.W.3d 126 (2001); Collins v. Excel Specialty Prod., 74 Ark. App. 400, 49 S.W.3d 161 (2001). See also Olsten Kimberly Quality Care v. Pettey, 55 Ark. App. 343, 934 S.W.2d 956 (1997). In Matlock, supra, the appellant appealed the decision of the Commission that denied benefits for injuries suffered when she fell while returning to her work station after a trip to the restroom. The Commission held that the appellant was not performing employment services when she was injured, and thus, her injury was not compensable. This court reversed and held that the Commission\u2019s finding that the appellant was not performing employment services was not supported by substantial evidence. The court stated that the \u201cemployment services\u201d requirement precluding worker\u2019s compensation benefits for acts performed by employees solely for their own benefit did not apply to acts of personal convenience or comfort. In explaining the personal-comfort doctrine, the court stated, \u201cAlthough technically the employee\u2019s actions do not contribute directly to the employer\u2019s profits, compensation is justified under the \u2018personal comfort\u2019 exception on the rationale that the employer indirectly benefits in the form of better work . . . and on the theory that such a minor deviation does not take the employee out of the employment.\u201d Matlock, supra.\nWhether a worker is performing employment services depends on the particular facts and circumstances of each case. In Matlock, this court outlined several factors to be considered in determining whether conduct falls within the meaning of \u201cemployment services.\u201d These factors include: 1) whether the accident occurs at a time, place, or under circumstances that facilitate or advance the employer\u2019s interests; 2) whether the accident occurs when the employee is engaged in activity necessarily required in order to perform work; 3) whether the activity engaged in when the accident occurs is an unexpected part of the employment; 4) whether the activity constitutes an interruption or departure, known by or permitted by the employer, either temporally or spatially from work activities; 5) whether the employee is compensated during the time that the activity occurs; and 6) whether the employer expects the worker to stop or return from permitted non-work activity in order to advance some employment objective.\nWe are not unmindful of the fact that this court, in dicta, has stated that the \u201cpersonal comfort\u201d doctrine has been abrogated by the passage of Act 796 of 1993 and the drastic changes to our workers\u2019 compensation law wrought by this legislation. See Beaver v. Benton County, 66 Ark. App. 153, 991 S.W.2d 618 (1999). However, in Matlock, supra, the court pointed this out and stated, \u201cWe serve notice that our statement in Beaver v. Benton County, 66 Ark. App. 153, 991 S.W.2d 618 (1999), that \u2018the personal-comfort doctrine is no longer the law,\u2019 was orbiter dictum.\u201d In any event, according to Larson\u2019s, the \u201cpersonal comfort\u201d doctrine extends to various life necessities such as satisfying thirst, eating, discharging bodily wastes, protecting oneself from excessive heat or cold, or cleansing oneself. 2 Arthur Larson, Larson\u2019s Workers\u2019 Compensation Law, \u00a7 21.10 (2000); see also Matlock v. Arkansas Blue Cross Blue Shield, 74 Ark. App. 322, 329, 49 S.W.3d. 126 (2001). Clearly, Clardy\u2019s diversion to speak to a co-worker would fail to come within this doctrine. Moreover, even if we were to apply the Matlock factors to the facts in this case, the Commission\u2019s decision must still be affirmed. The activity at issue is not the transport of waste buckets, but Clardy\u2019s diversion to talk to a co-worker. Although we may not agree with the Commission\u2019s characterization of the activity as an \u201cunscheduled and unauthorized break,\u201d Clardy testified that she was not on a scheduled break and had used all of her allotted breaks for the day. Even so, unless her employer was a \u201cSimon Legree,\u201d there is no reason for the Commission to speculate that such a minor diversion would have been forbidden to the nursing home\u2019s employees. However, there was no further evidence presented by Clardy concerning the nature of her intended conversation with Cox, how this activity might have in any respect served the employer\u2019s interests, or was n\u00e9cessary to the performance of any of Clardy\u2019s duties, and the burden of proving entitlement to benefits ultimately rested upon her shoulders.\nIn sum, we cannot say that Clardy\u2019s activity at the time of her fall comes within either the \u201cpersonal comfort\u201d or \u201cdual purpose\u201d doctrine, and we can find no authority under our post-1993 workers\u2019 compensation law for carving out a \u201cde minimus\u201d exception to the requirement that the employee be engaged in the performance of employment services at the time an injury occurs. Given the evidence in this case, we cannot say the Commission\u2019s finding that Clardy\u2019s digression across the driveway was purely personal in nature, or its ruling that Clardy was not performing employment services at the precise time she fell are not supported by substantial evidence.\nAffirmed.\nHart, J., agrees.\nPITTMAN, J., concurs in the result.\nHarriet Beecher Stowe, Unde Tom\u2019s Cabin or Life Among the Lowly (1852).\nBut see 1 Arthur Larson, Larson\u2019s Workers\u2019 Compensation Law \u00a7 17.04 (discussing triangular deviation); 1 Arthur Larson, Larson\u2019s Workers\u2019 Compensation Law \u00a7 17.06[3] (discussing size of deviation).", "type": "majority", "author": "LAYTON Roaf, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Dean A. Garrett, for appellant.", "Ledbetter, Cogbill, Arnold & Harrison, LLP, by: E. Diane Graham and Rebecca D. Hattabaugh, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Beverly CLARDY v. MEDI-HOMES LTC SERVICES, LLC, and Union Pacific Insurance Company\nCA 01-200\n55 S.W.3d 791\nCourt of Appeals of Arkansas Division I\nOpinion delivered September 26, 2001\nDean A. Garrett, for appellant.\nLedbetter, Cogbill, Arnold & Harrison, LLP, by: E. Diane Graham and Rebecca D. Hattabaugh, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0156-01", "first_page_order": 184, "last_page_order": 191 }