{ "id": 6142424, "name": "Bryant Manuel FLORES v. STATE of Arkansas", "name_abbreviation": "Flores v. State", "decision_date": "2001-11-07", "docket_number": "CA CR 01-239", "first_page": "397", "last_page": "404", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "75 Ark. App. 397" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "58 S.W.3d 417" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark. Ct. App.", "id": 13370, "name": "Arkansas Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "633 F.2d 77", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1298062 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "85-86" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/633/0077-01" ] }, { "cite": "531 U.S. 1020", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 9679552, 9679777, 9679591, 9679613, 9679804, 9679851, 9679659, 9679499, 9679883, 9679695, 9679921, 9679636, 9679734, 9679964, 9679997 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "citing United States v. Iron Shell, 633 F.2d 77 (8th Cir. 1980)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/531/1020-02", "/us/531/1020-09", "/us/531/1020-03", "/us/531/1020-04", "/us/531/1020-10", "/us/531/1020-11", "/us/531/1020-06", "/us/531/1020-01", "/us/531/1020-12", "/us/531/1020-07", "/us/531/1020-13", "/us/531/1020-05", "/us/531/1020-08", "/us/531/1020-14", "/us/531/1020-15" ] }, { "cite": "341 Ark. 759", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1257701 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "768", "parenthetical": "citing United States v. Iron Shell, 633 F.2d 77 (8th Cir. 1980)" }, { "page": "320", "parenthetical": "citing United States v. Iron Shell, 633 F.2d 77 (8th Cir. 1980)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/341/0759-01" ] }, { "cite": "779 F.2d 430", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1539605 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "438" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/779/0430-01" ] }, { "cite": "303 Ark. 568", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1882773 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding that, where plaintiff stated that her foot slipped, plaintiffs further statement that she accumulated diesel fuel on her boot, was not pertinent to diagnosis or treatment" }, { "parenthetical": "holding that, where plaintiff stated that her foot slipped, plaintiffs further statement that she accumulated diesel fuel on her boot, was not pertinent to diagnosis or treatment" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/303/0568-01" ] }, { "cite": "871 S.W.2d 552", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 1907790, 1907814 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "555-56", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/316/0097-02", "/ark/316/0101-01" ] }, { "cite": "316 Ark. 101", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1907814 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "107-08", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/316/0101-01" ] }, { "cite": "27 Ark. App. 242", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6141039 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "245-46" }, { "page": "162" }, { "page": "246" }, { "page": "162-63", "parenthetical": "holding that the record was devoid of any testimony tending to show that the declarant was still under the influence of stress or excitement associated with the startling event when the statement was made" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/27/0242-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 581, "char_count": 11490, "ocr_confidence": 0.768, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.60167783687625e-08, "percentile": 0.2879079050554685 }, "sha256": "3c98cf0f2d09a77979df095be7616f0da0adf5625f75663ef33702fa1649c8d6", "simhash": "1:583ed624cf34f168", "word_count": 1839 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:52:09.138779+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Stroud, C.J., and Jennings, J., agree." ], "parties": [ "Bryant Manuel FLORES v. STATE of Arkansas" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JOSEPHINE Linker Hart, Judge.\nAppellant, Bryant Manuel Flores, was charged with capital murder in the death of three-year-old Victor Stephens. At a jury trial, he was convicted of second-degree murder and sentenced to twelve years\u2019 imprisonment in the Arkansas Department of Correction. On appeal, he challenges the trial court\u2019s decision to admit hearsay over his objection. We reverse and remand.\nPrior to trial, the State filed a motion in limine seeking the court\u2019s permission to introduce at trial hearsay from Dr. Karl F. Wagenhauser, who treated Victor when he was brought to the emergency room at St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital in Hot Springs by his mother, Karen Stephens. Wagenhauser\u2019s testimony, in the form it was admitted at trial, was that when he spoke with Stephens at the hospital, she told him that \u201cboth she and [appellant] had struck Victor and that [appellant] had thrown Victor up against the wall.\u201d\nPrior to trial and after hearing evidence regarding the admissibility of Wagenhauser\u2019s testimony, the court issued a letter opinion addressing the State\u2019s motion in limine. Citing Rule 803(4) of the Arkansas Rules of Evidence, the court found that \u201cthe statement told by the doctor that there [were] multiple traumas to the child and that the child\u2019s body had been thrown against a hard surface\u201d was \u201creasonably pertinent to the treatment and diagnosis of the child at the time.\u201d\nOn appeal, appellant challenges the admissibility of the hearsay under the exception to the hearsay rule provided in Rule 803(4). In response, the State argues (1) that appellant\u2019s argument was not preserved for appellate review; (2) that the evidence was properly admitted under Rule 803(4); (3) that the evidence was admissible because the case concerns medical testimony regarding child abuse; (4) that, though not argued at trial, the evidence could also have been admitted under Rule 803(24) because the evidence had \u201cequivalent circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness\u201d; and (5) that, though not argued at trial, the evidence could also have been admitted into evidence as an excited utterance pursuant to Rule 803(2). We examine the State\u2019s arguments in that order.\nCiting Huls v. State, 27 Ark. App. 242, 770 S.W.2d 160 (1989), the State argues that appellant\u2019s argument was not preserved for appellate review. In Hub, this court concluded that a defendant\u2019s argument challenging the admissibility of hearsay testimony under Rule 803(4) was not preserved for appellate review because the defendant\u2019s argument to the trial court in his motion in limine was vague, and appellant failed to specifically argue that the hearsay was inadmissible because it identified him as the perpetrator of the crime. In the case at bar, however, the court\u2019s letter opinion specifically recognized that what was at issue was whether the \u201cstatement was provided not to merely identify the perpetrators but to provide the doctor with information as to the cause and extent of his injuries.\u201d Because the issue was squarely presented to the court, we conclude that Huh is inapposite and find that the issue was properly preserved for appellate review.\nNext, the State argues that the evidence was admissible under Rule 803(4), which provides that hearsay is not excluded if it consists of \u201c[statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment and describing medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain, or sensation, or the inception or general character of the cause or external source thereof insofar as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment.\u201d The State urges that the hearsay was admissible because Stephens believed that this information was crucial to her son\u2019s treatment and because Wagenhauser testified that the information confirmed his diagnosis.\nThe Arkansas Supreme Court has previously noted that\nwhere an injured party has described how his injury occurred, the basis for this hearsay exception is his strong motivation to be truthful in giving statements for diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, it has been suggested that, under these circumstances, a fact reliable enough to serve as the basis for diagnosis is also reliable enough to escape hearsay proscription. Thus, the trustworthiness of statements made to a physician and offered at trial under the exception may be tested by determining whether the information provided is of a type reasonably relied upon by a physician in diagnosis and treatment, and by determining whether the patient\u2019s motive is consistent with this rule\u2019s purpose.\nBenson v. Shuler Drilling Co., Inc., 316 Ark. 101, 107-08, 871 S.W.2d 552, 555-56 (1994)(citations omitted). We have likewise observed that the declarant\u2019s motive in making the statement must be consistent with the purposes of promoting treatment, and the content of the statement must be such as is reasonably relied on by a physician in treatment or diagnosis. Huls, 27 Ark. App. at 245-46, 770 S.W.2d at 162.\nBecause Stephens\u2019s statement to Wagenhauser was not sufficiently trustworthy, we cannot conclude that the court properly admitted the hearsay. The hearsay originated not from the victim but rather from appellant\u2019s codefendant, who in effect blamed appellant for Victor\u2019s fatal injury, even though she admitted to Wagenhauser some culpability. In support of our conclusion that the hearsay was not trustworthy, we note that under Rule 804(b)(3) of the Arkansas Rules of Evidence, statements against interest are not excluded by the hearsay rule if the declarant is unavailable as a witness. Specifically excluded from this exception, however, is \u201c[a] statement or confession offered against the accused in a criminal case, made by a codefendant or other person implicating both himself and the accused. ...\u201d That type of statement is precisely what is presented here. Given that such statements are specifically excluded from one exception to the hearsay rule, we cannot conclude that such statements are trustworthy enough to be considered admissible under Rule 803(4).\nMoreover, we do not consider the hearsay, as required by Rule 803(4), \u201creasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment.\u201d As Wagenhauser testified at the hearing on the motion in limine, Stephens\u2019s statement did not make any difference in his treatment of Victor and that her statement \u201cbasically confirmed what we\u2019d already suspected,\u201d that is, that someone caused Victor\u2019s injuries. Compare Carton v. Missouri Pac. R.R. Co., 303 Ark. 568, 798 S.W.2d 674 (1990)(holding that, where plaintiff stated that her foot slipped, plaintiffs further statement that she accumulated diesel fuel on her boot, was not pertinent to diagnosis or treatment).\nCiting United States v. Renville, 779 F.2d 430 (8th Cir. 1985), and cases from our court relying on Renville, the State argues that because this case involves a victim of child abuse, then the hearsay disclosing the identity of the abuser is admissible because appellant\u2019s status as a household member of the victim is reasonably pertinent to a course of treatment including removal from the home. In Renville, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit held that statements of identity to a physician by a child sexually abused by a family member are of a type physicians reasonably rely on in composing a diagnosis and course of treatment. Id. at 438. The court, however, recognized that it must also focus on the \u201cdeclarant\u2019s motivation for giving the information\u201d and that \u201cthis component reflects the premise underlying the rule that the patient\u2019s selfish interest in receiving proper treatment guarantees the trustworthiness of the statements,\u201d further noting that \u201c[statements of fault traditionally have failed to meet the criterion\u201d because such statements are made \u201cwithout reasonable expectation that the information will facilitate treatment.\u201d Id. Flere, we must conclude that, given Stephens\u2019s status as a codefendant and that the statement came from Stephens and not the victim, the statement lacks the necessary guarantees of trustworthiness and is not admissible under the theory set forth in Renville.\nWe also conclude that, contrary to the State\u2019s argument made for the first time on appeal, the evidence was not properly admitted under Rule 803(24), which permits as an exception to the hearsay rule the introduction of a\nstatement not specifically covered by any of the foregoing exceptions but having equivalent circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness, if the court determines that (i) the statement is offered as evidence of a material fact; (ii) the statement is more probative on the point for which it is offered than any other evidence which the proponent can procure through reasonable efforts; and (iii) the general purposes of these rules and the interests of justice will best be served by admission of the statement into evidence. However, a statement may not be admitted under this exception unless the proponent of it makes known to the adverse party sufficiently in advance to provide the adverse party with a fair opportunity to prepare to meet it, his intention to offer the statement and the particulars of it, including the name and address of the declarant.\nFor the reasons stated above, Wagenhauser\u2019s testimony regarding what he was told by appellant\u2019s codefendant, Stephens, lacks circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness.\nFinally, the State argues for the first time on appeal that the hearsay is admissible as an excited utterance. Rule 803(2) provides that \u201c[a] statement relating to a startling event or condition made while the declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition,\u201d is not excluded by the hearsay rule. Several factors to consider when determining if a statement falls under this exception include the lapse of time, the age of the declarant, the physical and mental condition of the declarant, the characteristics of the event, and the subject matter of the statement. Fudge v. State, 341 Ark. 759, 768, 20 S.W.3d 315, 320, cert. denied, 531 U.S. 1020 (2000) (citing United States v. Iron Shell, 633 F.2d 77 (8th Cir. 1980)). Furthermore, it must appear that \u201c \u2018the declarant\u2019s condition at the time was such that the statement was spontaneous, excited or impulsive rather than the product of reflection and deliberation.\u2019 \u201d Id. (quoting Iron Shell, 633 F.2d at 85-86). Here, however, there is no indication that Stephens\u2019s remarks were made under the stress of excitement. Compare Huls, 27 Ark. App. at 246, 770 S.W.2d at 162-63 (holding that the record was devoid of any testimony tending to show that the declarant was still under the influence of stress or excitement associated with the startling event when the statement was made).\nBecause we conclude that the hearsay was not admissible under any of the theories proposed by the State, we conclude that the court improperly admitted the hearsay into evidence. Further, there is no argument to be made that admission of the hearsay was harmless, as it was the only evidence presented by the State regarding who committed the murder. Consequently, we must reverse and remand this case for a new trial in which the hearsay statement is not admitted into evidence.\nReversed and remanded.\nStroud, C.J., and Jennings, J., agree.", "type": "majority", "author": "JOSEPHINE Linker Hart, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Daniel D. Becker, for appellant.", "Mark Pryor, Att\u2019y Gen., by: Michael C. Angel, Ass\u2019t Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Bryant Manuel FLORES v. STATE of Arkansas\nCA CR 01-239\n58 S.W.3d 417\nCourt of Appeals of Arkansas Division I\nOpinion delivered November 7, 2001\nDaniel D. Becker, for appellant.\nMark Pryor, Att\u2019y Gen., by: Michael C. Angel, Ass\u2019t Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." }, "file_name": "0397-01", "first_page_order": 425, "last_page_order": 432 }