{ "id": 6138329, "name": "Marc Jess HENLEY, Jr. v. STATE of Arkansas", "name_abbreviation": "Henley v. State", "decision_date": "2006-04-19", "docket_number": "CACR 05-1152", "first_page": "108", "last_page": "114", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "95 Ark. App. 108" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "234 S.W.3d 316" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark. Ct. App.", "id": 13370, "name": "Arkansas Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "265 Ark. 104", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1664765 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/265/0104-01" ] }, { "cite": "74 S.W.3d 215", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.3d", "case_ids": [ 74121, 74146 ], "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/348/0782-01", "/ark/348/0647-01" ] }, { "cite": "348 Ark. 647", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 74146 ], "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/348/0647-01" ] }, { "cite": "302 Ark. 462", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1884282 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "464" }, { "page": "356" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/302/0462-01" ] }, { "cite": "533 U.S. 27", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 9312742 ], "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/533/0027-01" ] }, { "cite": "330 Ark. 8", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 298586 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1997, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/330/0008-01" ] }, { "cite": "993 S.W.2d 918", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 243561, 243503 ], "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/338/0395-01", "/ark/338/0397-01" ] }, { "cite": "338 Ark. 397", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 243503 ], "year": 1999, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/338/0397-01" ] }, { "cite": "466 U.S. 740", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6205546 ], "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/466/0740-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 Ark. App. 169", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6139164 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/76/0169-01" ] }, { "cite": "77 Ark. App. 174", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark. App.", "case_ids": [ 6138243 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark-app/77/0174-01" ] }, { "cite": "356 Ark. 26", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 5368094 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2004, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/356/0026-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 686, "char_count": 13749, "ocr_confidence": 0.763, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.621887471290392e-08, "percentile": 0.2900171013831308 }, "sha256": "c7c7dca19fa6fd10026ae119a018e6c9db1e26c04be419d96df4dc4d3877e789", "simhash": "1:03f3af82d1809560", "word_count": 2254 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:50:54.342319+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Gladwin and Crabtree, JJ., agree." ], "parties": [ "Marc Jess HENLEY, Jr. v. STATE of Arkansas" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Larry D. Vaught, Judge.\nMarc Jess Henley appeals his convictions following a conditional guilty plea for attempt to manufacture methamphetamine, possession of drug paraphernalia with intent to manufacture, and maintaining a drug premises. On appeal he argues that the trial court erred in its denial of his motion to suppress because the evidence supporting his convictions was discovered after a warrantless search of his home. We agree that the evidence was obtained following an illegal search of Henley\u2019s home and should have been suppressed. Accordingly, we reverse and remand.\nOn the evening of July 21, 2004, Officer Andy Shock of the Faulkner County Sheriff s Office received a call from Investigator Wesley Potts of the Van Bur\u00e9n County Sheriff s Office wanting to talk to Marc Henley about a burglary that occurred in Van Bur\u00e9n County. Potts did not have a warrant, but Shock checked his warrant log and discovered that Henley had a misdemeanor warrant for a failure to appear on a speeding ticket.\nLater that night, around 10:00 p.m., Potts and Shock \u2014 along with another Van Bur\u00e9n County officer \u2014 met at the Eight Mile Store (a convenience store located about a mile from Henley\u2019s home). From there, they drove in two separate vehicles to Henley\u2019s home, arriving at 10:18 p.m. The officers parked their vehicles in Henley\u2019s driveway, behind several other vehicles. After the officers exited their car, armed with flashlights, they looked into the other cars parked in the drive. Shock and Potts then proceeded to the front door of Henley\u2019s home. As they approached the door the officers looked into Henley\u2019s home through a bay window (although the window had a blind covering it, a section of the blind was damaged allowing officers to see inside the home). The officers observed Henley and a female (later identified as Natalie Bailey) inside the home standing around a pool table.\nOnce Shock and Potts arrived at the front door, they began knocking and shouting for Henley to come to the door. As Potts continued knocking on the door, Shock went back to look through the bay window, where he observed Henley and Bailey under the pool table. Meanwhile, the third officer walked around to the back of the residence.\nEventually Henley opened the front door and was placed under arrest on the misdemeanor warrant and was handcuffed. He was then questioned by Potts about the burglary until Potts was satisfied that Henley was not involved in any Van Bur\u00e9n County burglary. However, when Henley opened the door to exit his home, Shock smelled an overwhelming chemical odor that he associated with the processing of methamphetamine. While Henley was being questioned, Bailey also came outside, where she was subjected to a pat-down search. The search revealed a quantity of an illegal substance (later identified as methamphetamine). She responded to the discovery of the secreted black-zippered bag containing methamphetamine by stating \u201cYou can\u2019t tell Marc I gave it to you. He told me to put it in there. He would kill me if I told you that.\u201d At this point the officers asked Henley if he would consent to a search of his home. He refused their request. However, as Henley was being placed in the squad car, he mentioned that he was on probation. Shock then called Kelly Brock, a Faulkner County Probation Officer, who, suspecting narcotic activity, called Detective Todd Mize, a narcotics officer. Once Brock and Mize arrived, Henley and Bailey were taken back into the home. As Henley and Bailey were being watched, officers \u2014 primarily Mize \u2014 conducted a search of the home. The search revealed the components of a methamphetamine laboratory. Following this discovery, Henley was arrested and eventually convicted of the numerous offenses that are the subject of this appeal.\nOn appeal, Henley argues that the illegal drugs and prohibited laboratory items discovered in his home should be suppressed because they were discovered as a result of a warrantless search. The State responds that according to one of the conditions of Henley\u2019s probation \u2014 which required that he allow a supervising probation officer to visit with him \u2014 the entry did not require a warrant. The State alternatively argues that the search was justified because it was a result of his arrest on an outstanding warrant.\nIn reviewing the trial court\u2019s denial of a motion to suppress evidence, we conduct a de novo review based on the totality of the circumstances, reviewing findings of historical fact for clear error and determining whether those facts give rise to reasonable suspicion or probable cause, giving due weight to inferences drawn by the trial court and proper deference to the trial court\u2019s findings. See Romes v. State, 356 Ark. 26, 144 S.W.3d 750 (2004). As an initial matter, we note that all warrantless searches are unreasonable unless shown to be within one of the exceptions to the rule that a search must rest upon a valid warrant. Bratton v. State, 77 Ark. App. 174, 72 S.W.3d 522 (2002). The burden of proof is on the State to justify the search. Mays v. State, 76 Ark. App. 169, 61 S.W.3d 919 (2001). A warrantless entry into a private home is presumptively unreasonable. Welsh v. Wisconsin, 466 U.S. 740 (1984); Norris v. State, 338 Ark. 397, 993 S.W.2d 918 (1999). The burden is on the State to prove that the warrantless activity was reasonable. Wofford v. State, 330 Ark. 8, 952 S.W.2d 646 (1997). With few exceptions, the question of whether a warrantless search of a home is reasonable and hence constitutional must be answered, \u201cno.\u201d Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001). On appeal, we make an independent determination based on the totality of the circumstances to ascertain whether the State has met its burden. Norris, supra.\nThere is no question that Henley\u2019s home was searched without a warrant, and the State does not contend or attempt to prove that there were exigent circumstances justifying a warrant-less search or that the evidence discovered in the search of Henley\u2019s home would have inevitably been discovered through lawful investigatory work. Instead, the State argues that the search was valid because it falls within the \u201cprobation exception\u201d to the warrant requirement. At the outset, we note that there is no such exception. Instead, it is common that as a condition to probation or parole a party will consent-in-advance to allow officers to search his person, automobile, or other property in his control. In Cherry v. State our supreme court considered the constitutionality of a typical consent-in-advance agreement that stated:\nAny parolee\u2019s person, automobile, residence, or any property under his control may be searched by a parole officer without a warrant if the officer has reasonable grounds for investigating whether the parolee has violated the terms of his parole or committed a crime.\n302 Ark. 462, 464, 791 S.W.2d 354, 356 (1990). The court concluded that such consent-in-advance clauses are not constitutionally infirm as long as the consent agreement meets certain criteria. Id. In order to support a warrantless search, the court reasoned, the form signed by the defendant must amount to a consent to search, and the search must have been conducted in accordance with the terms of the consent granted. Id.\nHere, however, the officers made an understandable, but serious error by assuming that Henley\u2019s probation agreement contained a typical consent-in-advance provision. Unlike the search language discussed in the Cherry decision and contained in most probation agreements, the only consent-in-advance language in Henley\u2019s Franklin County probation agreement details a consent to visit:\nYou must report as directed to a supervising officer and permit him or her to visit you in your residence, place of employment, or other property.\nWe are unable and unwilling to construe the language in Henley\u2019s agreement in any way that would justify something more than a routine visit with the person supervising his release \u2014\u25a0 certainly not an intrusive search of Henley\u2019s home. In its brief, the State uses the words search and visit as synonyms. This is a liberty that neither the language nor the law will permit.\nThe words \u201csearch\u201d and \u201cvisit\u201d are different words, with distinct meanings. According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to \u201csearch\u201d means to \u201clook into or over carefully or thoroughly in an effort to find or discover something: as a : to examine in seeking something b : to look through or explore by inspecting possible places of concealment or investigating suspicious circumstances.\u201d The term \u201cvisit\u201d means \u201cto pay a call on as an act of friendship or courtesy.\u201d In this case, Henley\u2019s probation agreement outlining his consent to visit and be visited by his \u201csupervising officer\u201d does not amount to a consent-in-advance to search his home. As the only evidence introduced by the State to support its claim that Henley consented to the officers\u2019 search of his home was the probation agreement, we find that the State has failed to carry its required burden of proof\u2014 by clear and convincing evidence \u2014 that Henley consented to the search of his home.\nIn the alternative, the State argues that the search was justified because it followed the arrest of Henley on a valid warrant. Henley responds that the evidence seized from his home followed a pretextual arrest and must be suppressed as dictated by State v. Sullivan, 348 Ark. 647, 74 S.W.3d 215 (2002), and Smith v. State, 265 Ark. 104, 576 S.W.2d 957 (1979). In Smith our supreme court concluded that if the initial arrest is simply a pretext to search, the search cannot stand. Smith v. State, 265 Ark. 104, 576 S.W.2d 957 (1979). The supreme court reasoned that a pretextual arrest exists if the officer would not have gone to the defendant\u2019s home to arrest him otherwise. Id. The court specifically singled-out the misdemeanor nature of the warrant and concluded that the officers would not have arrested the defendant on such a warrant but for their desire to search his home. Id.\nHere, the officers\u2019 initial intent in their contact with Henley was to interrogate him about a Van Bur\u00e9n County burglary. Having no warrant for that purpose, Officer Shock found an old misdemeanor warrant for Henley based on his failure to pay a speeding ticket. The officers proceeded to Henley\u2019s home where he was arrested on the outstanding misdemeanor warrant as a pretext to investigate the burglary. We find no fault with the officers\u2019 presence at Henley\u2019s home to question him about the crime they were investigating \u2022\u2014 with or without the pretext of the warrant \u2014 the officers were legally entitled to investigate the burglary crime by questioning Henley. However, the search following the arrest cannot be justified because the serving of the warrrant was merely a pretext. There was no evidence that these types of warrants were routinely served in person, after 10:00 p.m. Therefore, based on the reasoning contained in Smith and Sullivan, we agree with Henley\u2019s assertion that the evidence seized from his home followed a pretextual arrest and must be suppressed.\nFinally, the State mentions \u2014 in a footnote \u2014 that there is a third justification for the search of Henley\u2019s home because Bailey, a parolee with a consent-to-search provision in her parole agreement, was an overnight guest of Henley. This argument was not developed at trial or on appeal to a sufficient degree to allow review. In order to consider the merits of the State\u2019s assertion we would need far more information regarding Bailey\u2019s status and stay as Henley\u2019s guest. Because the record and the briefs are silent as to any meaningful argument justifying a search of Henley\u2019s home based on Bailey\u2019s consent-to-search, we will not consider the argument on appeal. Therefore, following our review of the totality of the circumstances, we hold that the search of Henley\u2019s home was unreasonable and did not fall within one of the exceptions to the rule that a search must rest upon a valid warrant. Accordingly, the trial court\u2019s denial ofHenley\u2019s motion to suppress is clearly erroneous and is reversed.\nReversed and remanded.\nGladwin and Crabtree, JJ., agree.\nHenley\u2019s notice of appeal states that he is appealing \u201cfrom his conviction for Attempt to Manufacture Methamphetamine, Possession of Drug Paraphernalia with Intent to Manufacture, and Maintaining a Drug Premises.\u201d His notice of appeal further states that the \u201cJudgment and Commitment Order was entered on May 25,2005.\u201d However, the judgment and commitment order was actually entered on July 27,2005. There was a continuance order entered on May 25,2005. We are satisfied that the date reflected in Henley\u2019s notice of appeal was a typographical error, and the fact that the notice of appeal states that Henley is appealing from the judgment and commitment order is adequate to address the merits.\nBy way of contrast, the other actor in this case, Bailey, was a Faulkner County parolee that had a clause in her parole agreement that mirrored the visitation clause in Henley\u2019s, but it also had a search provision similar to the one discussed in Cherry.\nMoreover, at the time of the search, Henley was on \u201cunsupervised probation\u201d and therefore did not have a \u201csupervising officer\u201d that he was required to routinely visit. Furthermore, the probation officer who searched his home was neither his current nor former \u201csupervising officer.\u201d She was from a different county and had no ongoing relationship with Henley.", "type": "majority", "author": "Larry D. Vaught, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "J. Blake Hendrix, for appellant.", "Mike Beebe, Att\u2019y Gen., by: David R. Raupp, Sr. Ass\u2019t Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Marc Jess HENLEY, Jr. v. STATE of Arkansas\nCACR 05-1152\n234 S.W.3d 316\nCourt of Appeals of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered April 19, 2006\nJ. Blake Hendrix, for appellant.\nMike Beebe, Att\u2019y Gen., by: David R. Raupp, Sr. Ass\u2019t Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." }, "file_name": "0108-01", "first_page_order": 134, "last_page_order": 140 }