{
  "id": 1559444,
  "name": "The National Americans v. Bitch",
  "name_abbreviation": "National Americans v. Bitch",
  "decision_date": "1915-11-22",
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  "first_page": "185",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:35:38.519565+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "The National Americans v. Bitch."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Hart, J.,\n(after stating the facts). The benefit certificate expressly provided that the questions and answers made by the applicant to the medical examiner should constitute a part of the contract of insurance and that such questions and answers were made warranties; and it was provided that if any of the answers or statements were not true the policy should be void. This constituted a valid agreement and a material false representation by the insured would render the policy void. Brotherhood of American Yeomen v. Fordham, 120 Ark. 605.\nIt is first contended i that the insured made a false representation which constituted a breach of warranty in relation to her consultations with physicians. This contention is based upon the following question: \u201cHave you, within the past five y\u00e9ars, consulted or 'been under the care of any physician or physicians; if so, give name of each and particulars as to ailments?\u201d The insured answered, \u201cDr. J. C. Reynolds, malarial fever, in September, 1911.\u201d The medical examination was made on May 8, 1912. The testimony of Doctor Rush shows that the examination made by him was in July, 1907, when she made application for a pension as the widow of a Confederate soldier and that she was at that time suffering from chronic rheumatism.\nHer examination iby Doctor Rush did not constitute a consultation with a physician o,r .a condition of being \u201cunder the care of\u201d a physician within the meaning of the question just referred to. The language of a question in an application for insurance is to be read in its plain, ordinary and natural signification. At the time the insured applied for her pension she was not treated by Doctor Rush and did not apply to him for treatment as a physician. 'She was not in any sense under his care as a physician and did not consult him with a view of having him treat her for any ailment that she might have.\n'It may be stated here that it was competent for Doctor Rush to refresh his memory by reading the certificate he made when he examined the insured at the time she filed her application for a pension: St. Louis S. W. Ry. Co. v. White Sewing Machine Co., 78 Ark. 1, 8 Am. & Eng. Ann. Cas. 208, and case note.\nIt is next urged that the insured made false representations which constituted a breach of warranty in regard ito her answers as to whether she had any ailment, mental or physical, at the time she made the application, or concerning the general character of her mental and physical health during the past three years. The word \u201cailment\u201d as used in these questions means something which substantially impairs the health of the applicant, materially weakens the vigor of his constitution, or seriously deranges his vital functions. Des Moines Life Ins. Co. v. Clay, 89 Ark. 230; Franklin Life Ins. Co. v. Gallighan, 71 Ark. 295; Providence Life Assur. Society v. Reutlinger, 58 Ark. 528.\nAccording to the testimony of Doctor Rush the insured had chronic rheumatism at the time he examined her when she applied for a p\u00e9nsion, hut he said that she did not have any heart trouble at that time and that he could not say that her condition in respect to the rheumatism was permanent \u2014 that she might grow better. Under these circumstances it can not be said as a matter of law .that she had any serious ailment .at the time she made her application for insurance and answered the questions propounded to her by the medical examiner. The court submitted to the jury the truth or falsity of her answers in this xeepect under proper instructions and the jury, by its verdict, found against the contention of the defendant insurance association, and, there being evidence of a \u2022 substantial character to support the finding of the jury, its verdict must be upheld by us.\nWe find no prejudicial error in the record and the judgment will be affirmed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Hart, J.,"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "D. G. Finley, for appellant.",
      "Mann, Bussey S Mam, for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "The National Americans v. Bitch.\nOpinion delivered November 22, 1915.\n1. Insurance \u2014 warranties by insured. \u2014 When a benefit certificate \u25a0expressly provides that 'the answers made by <the applicant to the medical examiner shall be treated as warranties, a material representation, falsely made, will avoid the policy.\n2. Insurance \u2014 application\u2014construction op questions. \u2014 The language of a question in an application for insurance is to be (read in its plain, ordinary and natural signification.\n3. Insurance \u2014 medical examination \u2014 statements by applicant. \u2014 In an application for a 'benefit policy, the applicant was asked: \u201c\u00a1Have you within the past five years, consulted or been under the care of a physician? * * *\u201d The applicant answered \u201cNo.\u201d In an action to iCollect on the policy it appeared that the applicant had been examined by a physician, in pursuance of her application for a Confederate pension, and the physician found her to he in a run-down condition. Held, her examination did not constitute a consultation with a physician or a condition of being \u201cunder the care of\u201d a physician within the meaning of the question asked.\n4. Evidence \u2014 refreshing recollection. \u2014 In an action on a benefit certificate of insurance, it was set up by way of defense that insured had made false answers to questions asked her relative to her having been under the care of a physician at a certain time. Held, where the physician who had examined her, in pursuance of her application for a Confederate pension, was called as a witness, it was competent for him to refresh his memory iby reading the certificate he had made at the time he had examined heir.\n5. Insurance \u2014 medical examination \u2014 \u201cailment\u201d defined. \u2014 The word \u201cailment\u201d as used in the questions propounded to an applicant for a benefit certificate means something which substantially impairs the health of the applicant, materially weakens the vigor of his constitution, or seriously deranges his vital functions.\n6. Insurance \u2014 physical condition of applicant \u2014 \u201ccheonic rheumatism.\u201d \u2014 When the applicant foir the benefit certificate had \u201cchronic rheumatism,\u201d which a physician testified was not necessarily permanent, and that she might recover, it will not be held as a matter of law, that the applicant had any serious ailment at the time she made her application for the insurance.\nAppeal from St. Francis Circuit Court; J. M. Jackson, Judge,\naffirmed.\nSTATEMENT BY THE COURT.\nThe National Americans is a fraternal \u00a1benefit association organized under the laws of the State of Missouri, and on the 13th day of March, 1912, issued a benefit certificate to Mrs. Martha E. Johnson, of 'Colt, Arkansas, in which Charles Hitch, her son, was named as 'beneficiary. In November, 1912, Mrs. Hitch died and the insurance association denying liability on the certificate because of alleged false warranties, Charles Hitch commenced this suit to recover on the benefit certificate. He died and the action was revived in the name of his brother, \"Walter Hitch.\nThe insured agreed that the questions and answers in her application, including those made to the medical examiner, should be a part of the contract of insurance and that all such questions and answers were made warranties and a part of the policy. The policy in express terms provided that if any answer to any question were not true the policy should be void. The insured returned answers to questions relating to consultations with physicians, medical attendance and illness as follows:\n\u201cQ. Are you in sound health, mentally and physically, and free from any recurring ailment?\nA. Yes.\nQ. Have you within the past year felt that you had any mental or physical ailment?\nA. No.\nQ. Have you within the past five years consulted or been under the' care of any physician, or physicians ? If so, give name of each, and particulars as to ailment?\nA. Dr. J. C. Beynolds; malarial fever in September, 1911.\nQ. What has been the general character or state of your nervous, mental and physical health during the past three years !\nA. Good.\nQ. Have you had any disease or ailment not mentioned above. Answer fully.\nA. No.\nQ. Is there anything to your knowledge or belief in your physical or mental condition, family or personal history, or habits, tending to shorten your life, which is not distinctly set forth above!\nA. No.\u201d\nThe insured was granted a pension as widow of a Confederate soldier and on the 7th day of July, 1907, Dr. J. O. Bush made an examination of her physical condition and under oath stated that she ivas suffering from chronic rheumatism and was in a general run down condition. This certificate was offered in evidence in the present action but the court refused to admit it. Doctor Bush, the physician who made the certificate was then introduced as a witness and was permitted to refresh his memory by reading the certificate. He had first stated that he made an examination of Mrs. Johnson for the purpose of being used in her application for a pension, but did not remember anything about it except that she was not in robust health. After refreshing his memory by an examination of the pension certificate just referred to he stated that he examined her about the time stated in the certificate and that she had chronic rheumatism. He stated that he found no heart trouble accompanying her ailment and that he could not say that her ailment would lessen her longevity; and that he could not undertake to say that her condition continued or that her health would be materially affected thereafter.\nThe jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff and the defendant insurance association has appealed.\nD. G. Finley, for appellant.\nThe trial court should have directed a verdict for the defendant.\nThe court erred in excluding from the jury the certified copy of the application for a pension. 78 Ark. 1; 8 Ann. Cases 208, and cases cited.\nThe benefit certificate was a Missouri contract. 84 Ark. 511.\nThe warranties must be strictly true regardless of materiality. 147 Mo. 561; 98 Mo. 521; 97 Mo. App. 636.\nFailure to disclose the name of Dr. Rush, and the ailment, discovered by him, are material. 58 Ark. 528; 71 Ark. 295; 72 Ark. 6'20; 84 Ark. 57.\nMann, Bussey S Mam, for appellee.\nThe court did not err in refusing to allow the certificate of the physician to be introduced, it was collateral to the issue only.\nThe testimony of Dr. Rush was not competent for any purpose. Kirby\u2019s Dig., \u00a7 3098; 111 Ark. 554.\nThe warranties were strictly true. 58 Ark. 528; 65 Ark. 581; 71 Ark. 295; 111 Ark. 554.\nThe case can not be tried in the lower court upon one theory and in this court upon another. 71 Ark. 242; 74 S. W. 300; 74 Ark. 72; 84 S. W. 1025; 77 Ark. 27; 90 S. W. 283; 94 Ark. 390; 127 S. W. 456."
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