{ "id": 1590508, "name": "Stanfield v. Road Improvement District No. 2 of Cleveland County", "name_abbreviation": "Stanfield v. Road Improvement District No. 2", "decision_date": "1920-03-01", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "439", "last_page": "446", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "142 Ark. 439" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "37 L. R. A. 391", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L.R.A.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "64 S. E. 845", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "8 Minn. 366", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Minn.", "case_ids": [ 8875791 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/minn/8/0366-01" ] }, { "cite": "175 Ala. 579", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ala.", "case_ids": [ 3556619 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ala/175/0579-01" ] }, { "cite": "71 Mo. 266", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mo.", "case_ids": [ 451552 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/mo/71/0266-01" ] }, { "cite": "120 Ark. 131", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1561042 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/120/0131-01" ] }, { "cite": "75 Ark. 124", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "90 Ark. 603", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "131 Ark. 295", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "214 S. W. 2", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "44 Ark. 536", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1893351 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/44/0536-01" ] }, { "cite": "147 U. S. 91", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 3566190 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/us/147/0091-01" ] }, { "cite": "71 Ark. 527", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1507893 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/71/0527-01" ] }, { "cite": "18 Ind. 25", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ind.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "120 Ark. 277", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1561065 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/120/0277-01" ] }, { "cite": "89 Ark. 513", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1515250 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/89/0513-01" ] }, { "cite": "141 Ark. 247", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1592989 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/141/0247-01" ] }, { "cite": "130 Ark. 507", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8722126 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/130/0507-01" ] }, { "cite": "125 Ark. 325", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1553188 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/125/0325-01" ] }, { "cite": "141 Ark. 288", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1592982 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/141/0288-01" ] }, { "cite": "120 Ark. 277", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1561065 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "as well as the cases there cited" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/120/0277-01" ] }, { "cite": "130 Ark. 507", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8722126 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/130/0507-01" ] }, { "cite": "120 Ark. 277", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1561065 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/120/0277-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 628, "char_count": 14621, "ocr_confidence": 0.527, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.05957084756678864 }, "sha256": "21d30c09dd0acf26cf6d33761b3d3a660055b11549df4aa957be15c0f5d2ff76", "simhash": "1:b3f4c74200372ed4", "word_count": 2588 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:28:35.179650+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Stanfield v. Road Improvement District No. 2 of Cleveland County." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Smith, J.\nThis suit was brought to enjoin the construction of the road authorized by Act No. 689 of the Session Acts of 1919, and this appeal is from a decree of the chancery court dismissing the complaint filed for that purpose as being without equity.\nIt is first contended that the bill was not presented to and approved by the Governor within the time limited by the Constitution. But the decision of that question is controlled by the opinion of this court in the case of Rice v. Lonoke-Cabot Road Imp. Dist. No. 11 of Lonoke County, post p. 454, in which case the decision is adverse to appellant\u2019s contention.\nOther attacks against the act are directed to section 2 of the act, which reads as follows:\n\u201cSection 2. Said district is hereby organized for the purpose of building a road, beginning at Calmer at an intersection with the Warren and Pine Bluff road; thence in a general westerly and northwesterly direction to Rison and on and along such streets in said town of Rison as the commissioners may select.\n\u201cThe improvement to be made by said district are to be made on route designated in this act, or substantially along this route, the nature of the improvements and any changes in the line of said road to be approved by the county court of Cleveland County.\n\u201cSaid road to be constructed of material selected by the commissioners and approved by the county court. \u2019 \u2019\nIt is insisted that the act is void because it does not sufficiently designate the road to be improved, that it would be possible to build a road answering the designation contained in the act, a considerable portion of which would lie without the boundaries of the district as defined in section 3 of the act; that the act infringes upon the jurisdiction of the county court by authorizing the construction of new road; that the act authorizes the commissioners to improve any street, or all the streets, in the town of Rison, and, when so construed, an improvement is authorized which is too diverse to be constructed as a single district; and, finally, that the act is void for the reason that it deprives the officials of the town of Rison of the control of their own streets, and authorizes their improvement without requiring the consent of a majority of the property owners to be affected, in violation of article 19, section 27 of the Constitution.\nIt is recited in the act that \u201cSaid district is hereby organized for the purpose of building a road, beginning at Calmer at an intersection with the Warren and Pine Bluff road, thence in a general westerly and northwesterly direction to Rison. \u2019 \u2019 And it is conceded that there is an old established road running practically as- described in the act. It is said, however, that the act does not require the improvement of this road, and that authority is conferred to improve a new and different one, and that if the road were to run south of west forty-four degrees for six miles, after leaving Calmer, it would then be without the district, and that it might then run northwest, or practically so, into Rison, leaving a large portion of the road without the district.\nThese fears appear, however, to be groundless. A survey of the road has been filed along with the plans of the district, and has been approved by the county court. It does appear that some changes in the existing road are made; but these were made for the purpose of shortening the road and otherwise improving it; but this action required the precedent approval of the county court, and, therefore, as we have frequently recently decided, there is no invasion of, or infringement upon, the jurisdiction of the county' court. Nor was there any legislative intent to authorize or require this district to' construct and build a road lying without its boundaries.\nWe think the act does not authorize the improvement of all the streets of the town of Bison, or such portions of them generally as the commissioners may elect to improve, but that it authorizes the improvement only of such street or streets as supply a link in the road as it runs from the point selected., as its terminus in Bison. The language of the act is \u201con and along such streets in said town of Bison as the commissioners may select.\u201d We think this language means a projection or continuation of the road along such street or streets in the town of Bison as is necessary to reach the county courthouse, the point selected as the terminus, and was not intended to confer, and does not confer, upon the commissioners power to improve the streets of that town generally.\nWhat we have said is not in conflict with our opinion in the recent case of Payne v. Road Improvement District No. 1 of Marion County, 141 Ark. 288. There the act provided that the district should \u201cbuild, improve, widen, straighten and repair all public highways within the boundaries of said district which have heretofore been dedicated as a public highway by the county court of Marion County, or by the town council of the incorporated towns of Bush, Yellville, and Summit * * *.\u201d\nSection 4 of the act there construed provided that \u201cThe said Board of Commissioners shall have and they are vested with power and authority, and it is hereby made their duty, to build, construct, maintain and repair said roads within said district and all public highways therein as they deem necessary and proper, as herein contemplated, and in doing .so shall expend all necessary sums of money authorized to be levied and collected under authority of this act, and qs herein provided.\u201d\nWe there said that section 4 made it the duty of the commissioners \u201cto build, construct, maintain and repair said roads within said district, and all public highways therein as they, deem necessary and proper, as herein contemplated,\u201d and that the framers of the statute meant to include the public streets of the three incorporated towns mentioned. Having reached the conclusion there announced, that the act embraced all the streets and alleys of the three towns mentioned, we said the act was invalid, because it joined together as a single improvement the improvement of all the streets and alleys of three different incorporated towns in the same county, but widely separated from each other. But here only the streets in the town of Rison are embraced, and such streets only in that town are to be improved as are necessary to make a continuous, unbroken highway to the courthouse.\nThat case does, however, answer the argument that the act is void because it deprives the officials of the town of Rison of the control of their streets, for we there said: \u201cWe do not mean to hold that the inclusion of that portion of the streets of the towns which formed a part of the general highway to be improved would be invalid. Our previous decisions on that subject lead to the contrary. Nall v. Kelley, 120 Ark. 277; Conway v. Miller County Highway & Bridge Dist., 125 Ark. 325; Bennett v. Johnson, 130 Ark. 507.\u201d\nIn answer to appellant\u2019s contention that the act violates section 27, article 19 of the Constitution, in that it does not require the consent of the property owners of the town of Rison for the improvement of the streets of that town, it may be said that the cases of Bennett v. Johnson, and Nall v. Kelley, supra (as well as the cases there cited), decide that the section of the Constitution mentioned has no application to districts covering territory not wholly within the limits of a municipality.\nAppellant finally complains that h(is assessments will exceed his benefits. But that question is not before us for decision in this cause, as appellant will have his day in court upon that issue when his assessments are made by the assessors. Section 10 of the act contains a provision for a hearing on that issue. Bush v. Delta Road Imp. Dist. of Lee County, 141 Ark. 247.\nNo error appearing, the decree is affirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Smith, J." }, { "text": "Hart, J.\n(dissenting). I dissent in this case on the ground that the act is in conflict with article 19, section 27 of the Constitution of the State of Arkansas, which provides that nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prohibit the G-eneral Assembly from authorizing assessments on real property for local improvements in towns and cities under such regulations as may be prescribed by law to be based upon the consent of a majority in value, of the property holders owning property adjoining the locality to be affected. Nall v. Kelley, 120 Ark. 277; Bennett v. Johnson, 130 Ark. 507, and other cases are cited in support of the holding that a portion of the streets of a town which are a part of a rural highway may be included in an improvement district to improve the highway. These decisions, however, do not give the commissioners the power to select other streets which are not a part of the rural highway and improve them. To do so would be in plain violation of the section of the Constitution just referred to. The majority opinion brings this case within those decisions by construction. It certainly can not be done under the language of the act.\nSection 2 of the act defines the purpose of the district as follows: \u201cSaid district is hereby organized for the purpose of building a road, beginning at Calmer at an intersection with the Warren and Pine 'Bluff road, thence in a genral westerly and northwesterly direction to Rison and on and along such streets in said town of Rison as the commissioners may select.\u201d Road Acts of 1919, vol. 2, p. 2740.\nThe court construed this language to be a continua-' ti on of the rural highway along such street or streets in the town of Rison as is necessary to reach the county courthouse, which it says is the point selected as the terminus of the road. Neither the commissioners nor the court have any power to thus restrict the plain meaning of the language of the act. It is true the commissioners selected the' courthouse as the terminus of the highway, and only intend to improve the streets leading from the rural highway to the courthouse, but the act must be construed by its plain language, and not by what the commissioners have done. The act gives the commissioners power to improve such streets in the town of Rison as they may select. The words \u201csuch streets\u201d have a plural reference, and under the plain language of the act the commissioners might improve other streets than a continuation of the rural highway to the courthouse. The act should be construed according to the plain and ordinary meaning of the words used instead of the construction placed upon them by the commissioners. In other words, the commissioners by merely improving the streets leading from the rural highway to the courthouse could not change the plain meaning of the w;ords used by the framers of the act. The act must be construed according* to the language used in it, and not according to the acts done by the commissioners, or the construction placed upon it by them.\nTherefore, I think, when the words used in the act are given their plain and ordinary meaning, the act is in violation of the provisions of the Constitution above referred to.", "type": "dissent", "author": "Hart, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "8. J. Hunt and Toney & Craig, for appellant.", "Chas. A. Walls and Rose, Hemingway, Cantrell & Loughborough, for appellee.", "Rowell & Alexander, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Stanfield v. Road Improvement District No. 2 of Cleveland County.\nOpinion delivered March 1, 1920.\n1. Highways \u2014 jurisdiction of county court. \u2014 Road Laws 1919, volume 2, No. 689, creating a road improvement district, does not infringe upon the jurisdiction of the county court, since it requires the approval by the court of the nature of the improvements and of any changes in the line of the road.\n2. Highways \u2014 construction of act. \u2014 The above act does not intend to authorize the building of a road beyond the boundaries of the district.\n3. Highways \u2014 improvement of streets. \u2014 Road Laws 1919, volume 2, No. 689, providing for building a road from a certain point along a designated route to a certain town and on and along such streets thereof as the commissioners may select^ authorizes the improvement of such street or streets only as supply a link in the road as it runs from the point selected as its terminus in the town.\n4. Highways \u2014 improvement of streets. \u2014 The above act is not invalid for including a portion of the streets of a town as part of the general highway to be improved.\n5. Highways \u2014 consent of rand owners. \u2014 Constitution, article 19, section 27, requiring as a condition to assessment for local improvements in a municipality that the improvement he based on the consent of a majority in value of the property owners, has no application to improvement districts not wholly within the city or town.\n6. Highways \u2014 assessments exceeding benefits. \u2014 The contention that the assessments for a highway improvement will exceed the benefits is not available in a suit to enjoin the construction of the road, where the act creating the district provided for a subsequent hearing- on that issue.\nAppeal from Cleveland Chancery Court; John M. Elliott, Chancellor;\naffirmed.\n8. J. Hunt and Toney & Craig, for appellant.\n1. The act is unconstitutional and void for many reasons. It conflicts with article 19, section 27, Constitution. It is unjust and arbitrary, as it includes a large territory it can not benefit and omits lands lying nearer and more contiguous, and the improvement is indefinite and uncertain. It also conflicts with article 7, section 28, Constitution. It usurps the jurisdiction of the county court. 89 Ark. 513; 92 Id. 93; 118 Id. 119; 118 Id. 294.\n2. It does not describe any road to be improved. 120 Ark. 277.\n3. It was not presented to the Governor within the time prescribed by law. 26 A. & Eng. Ene. L. 551; 18 Ind. 25; 6 So. Cas. 390. The act is void upon its face. The record shows the act was signed by the Governor 23 days after its passage. 71 Ark. 527; 10 R. -C. L. 28.\nChas. A. Walls and Rose, Hemingway, Cantrell & Loughborough, for appellee.\n1. The legal presumption is that officers do their duty\u2019 and that the bill was duly presented to the Governor in time, and it is immaterial when he approved it, as it became a law at the end of 20 days in the absence of a veto. 147 U. S. 91; 44 Ark. 536; 75 Id. 120; 76 Id. 201; 5 Id. 559; 40 Id. 200-214; 27 Id. 278; 110 Id. 275; 131 Id. 291; 214 S. W. 2; 131 Ark. 295; 214 S. W. 2; 90 Ark. 603. See also 75 Ark. 124; 71 Id. 727; 72 Id. 250; 83 Id. 448.\n2. Evidence to impeach an act must be found in the act itself or in the journals or official records of the Legislature or the Secretary of State. 120 Ark. 131.\nRowell & Alexander, for appellee.\nWe concur in the brief filed by our co-counsel, and will only cite in addition 71 Mo. 266; 175 Ala. 579. See also 36 Cyc. 290; 26 A. & E. Enc. (2 Ed.) 551; 8 Minn. 366; 64 S. E. 845; 37 L. R. A. 391 and note." }, "file_name": "0439-01", "first_page_order": 461, "last_page_order": 468 }