{ "id": 8718938, "name": "Merritt Mercantile Company v. Nelms", "name_abbreviation": "Merritt Mercantile Co. v. Nelms", "decision_date": "1925-02-23", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "46", "last_page": "53", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "168 Ark. 46" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "112 N. C. 889", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8652237 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/112/0889-01" ] }, { "cite": "23 N. H. 327", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.H.", "case_ids": [ 461453 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nh/23/0327-01" ] }, { "cite": "92 Iowa 755", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Iowa", "case_ids": [ 2084942 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/iowa/92/0755-01" ] }, { "cite": "69 Tenn. 375", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Tenn.", "case_ids": [ 11265805 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/tenn/69/0375-01" ] }, { "cite": "28 N.Y.S. 858", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.", "case_ids": [ 5700906 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nys/28/0858-01" ] }, { "cite": "78 Hun. 280", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Hun.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "105 N. W. 713", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "74 Neb. 868", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Neb.", "case_ids": [ 5352077 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/neb/74/0868-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 Ark. 236", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1527210 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/83/0236-01" ] }, { "cite": "159 Ark. 335", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8721745 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/159/0335-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 Ark. 553", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1354013 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/102/0553-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 Ark. 369", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1527151 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/83/0369-01" ] }, { "cite": "79 Ark. 5", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1495625 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/79/0005-01" ] }, { "cite": "130 Ark. 64", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8717746 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/130/0064-01" ] }, { "cite": "125 Ark. 50", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1553295 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/125/0050-01" ] }, { "cite": "132 Ark. 316", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1576758 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/132/0316-01" ] }, { "cite": "135 Ark. 496", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1571510 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/135/0496-01" ] }, { "cite": "50 Ark. 53", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8719954 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/50/0053-01" ] }, { "cite": "146 Ark. 300", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1585005 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/146/0300-01" ] }, { "cite": "66 Ark. 40", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1909770 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/66/0040-01" ] }, { "cite": "4 A. L. R. 343", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "59 L. R. A. 399", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L.R.A.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "73 Ark. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1504069 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/73/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "147 Ark. 290", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1583192 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/147/0290-01" ] }, { "cite": "89 Ark. 175", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1515184 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/89/0175-01" ] }, { "cite": "156 Ark. 501", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1358421 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/156/0501-01" ] }, { "cite": "5 A. L. R. 198", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "198 S. W. 69", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "15 Ark. 43", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8728019 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/15/0043-01" ] }, { "cite": "127 Ark. 364", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1550266 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/127/0364-01" ] }, { "cite": "191 S. W. 151", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "case_ids": [ 8248625 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/sw/191/0151-01" ] }, { "cite": "172 Pac. 869", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "22 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1221", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L.R.A.N.S.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "121 N. W. 652", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "78 Hun 280", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Hun", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "23 N. H. 327", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.H.", "case_ids": [ 461453 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nh/23/0327-01" ] }, { "cite": "74 Neb. 868", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Neb.", "case_ids": [ 5352077 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/neb/74/0868-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 Ark. 236", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1527210 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/83/0236-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 Ark. 553", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1354013 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/102/0553-01" ] }, { "cite": "130 Ark. 64", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8717746 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/130/0064-01" ] }, { "cite": "125 Ark. 50", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1553295 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/125/0050-01" ] }, { "cite": "146 Ark. 300", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1585005 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/146/0300-01" ] }, { "cite": "147 Ark. 290", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1583192 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/147/0290-01" ] }, { "cite": "127 Ark. 364", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1550266 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/127/0364-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 701, "char_count": 14433, "ocr_confidence": 0.452, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.068247485707473e-07, "percentile": 0.8570833666364333 }, "sha256": "95650edfa18d04f23b7e79c654ead1f144938d882a1e51c8bdfc529c24717c95", "simhash": "1:ee04d9563c81aee2", "word_count": 2652 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:11:28.689459+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Merritt Mercantile Company v. Nelms." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Wood, J.\nThis is an action by the appellants against the appellee for a mandatory injunction to compel the appellee to remove certain obstructions from an alleged public highway. The appellants alleged in substance that they were the owners of certain lands in the town of Black Oak, Arkansas; that there had been a road between their property and the railroad in said town for more than twenty-five years, which had been used1 by the public generally; that the appellant, Oiti-zens\u2019 Gin Company, a corporation, had been operating a gin for many years, and-they would not have purchased the gin had there not been a public road leading to it from the main street in the town of Black Oak; that the property would be worthless without such outlet; that the appellee had placed posts in said right-of-way along close to a platform constructed on the railroad right-of-way; that, unless enjoined, he would close up the entire road, and appellants would suffer thereby irreparable injury; that all of appellants were financially interested1, and that their money was invested with the knowledge that said road was the public highway. They prayed that appellee be compelled to remove the posts which he had placed in the roadway.\nThe answer denied each of the allegations of the complaint, and set up that the posts were placed by the appellee on his own private property; that the appellants did not have any particular interest in the alleged road and would not suffer any peculiar injury which would entitle them to the relief prayed.\nThe trial court made the following findings:\n\u201cThat this is a suit brought by the plaintiffs to restrain and enjoin the defendant from closing up what is alleged to be a highway by prescription located on a strip of land in the town of Black Oak, Craighead County, Arkansas,' lying between the south boundary line of the right-of-way of the J., L. C. & E'. It. Co. and the north fence, as now located1, in front of the residence property owned and occupied by the defendant, T. P. Nelms, the said residence property -of the said T. P. Nelms being bounded on the west by the store building of the Merritt Mercantile Company and partly on the east by certain gin property owned by the Citizens\u2019 Gin Company; the court finds that the use of said property, in -so far as it has been used by the public, has not been adverse but permissive, and that said1 strip of land has not become a public road \u00a1by prescription, 'but that the same is the individual property of T. P. Nelms, free from any kind of public easement of right-of-way, and that the defend-\nant T. P. Nelms should no-t be required to remove the posts which he has placed on said strip of land.\u201d The court thereupon entered a decree dismissing the appellant\u2019s complaint for want of equity, from which is this appeal.\nWe pretermit the discussion of, or a decision on, the issue -as to whether the appellants had a right to maintain this action, for the reason that the conclusion We have reached makes it unnecessary. Conceding that the appellants had the right to institute this action, we are convinced that the decided preponderance of the evidence shows that they are not entitled to the relief which they seek.\nThere was a plat before the trial court which showed the lams in quo, and which has been brought into the transcript. We have examined, the same, and found it helpful in the determination of the cause. The testimony on the issue as to whether the public had acquired a right-of-way over the land of the appellee by prescription is quite voluminous, and it could serve no useful purpose to set out and discuss it in detail. The appellants contend that the alleged road was used by the public generally ten or fifteen years before the appellee acquired the fee to the land on which the alleged road is situated; that one George W. Mangrum, a former owner, had set his fence back so that the public could use the road, and had thus indicated his intention of dedicating the land to the use of the public, and that the public had used the same as a public highway without objection by the owner of the fee for twenty years; that the appellee was charged with knowledge of this use, and that such use vested a right to the easement in the public.\nUpon examination of the testimony of Mangrum, we conclude that it does not sustain the contention of the appellants. He stated that he owned the property in 1909 and sold it in 1913. He had owned it ever since the railroad had been located there. He built the first fence along there in 1910, something near about the location of the present fence. Ho put the fence on that line because tbe people bad been using it, and be didn\u2019t want to be \u201cbull-beaded\u201d \u2014 wanted to let tbe people have a passway. It bad been used to haul lumber some time. He recognized that tbe public bad been using it as a highway, and put bis fence on tbe line where it is now. Tbe land bad been used as a highway in tbe same way ever since the fence bad been put there. On redirect examination be pointed out on tbe plat tbe location of tbe posts placed by tbe appellee on tbe land in controversy, and stated that tbe people coming out around this way (indicating) created a mud-bole coming up the alley. They used that for unloading freight at tbe back door of the mercantile company. Tbe Merritt Mercantile Company bad their own private use in unloading stuff. People came in in the front of Nelms\u2019 \u2014most any one that would come along \u2014 go in there to tbe platform or switch to get tbe freight out. The mud-bole was created from ten to twelve years ago. Most of tbe way ran across the J., L. C. & E. Railroad. Witness was asked whether he put his fence up because it had become a road, and answered: \u201cNot because it bad become a road \u2014 I didn\u2019t want to shove my fence out and shut people-off.\u201d Witness was willing for them to use it at that time. No one asked witness\u2019 permission. There wasn\u2019t any objection then nor later, so far as witness knew. When the public was using the territory in, front of tbe appellee, they were also using part of tbe right-of-way at the same time. After a period of time they got to running over on the Nelms property \u2014 about the time or after tbe witness first owned tbe property, got to stacking lumber against tbe track, and, in order to do that, they bad to back off on Nelms\u2019 property. There had been no general use of the land where the mud-hole is for tbe last year. They bad been going on the right-of-way for tbe last year or so, but that had not interfered with tbe passway actually used. There bad1 been a defined road across Nelms\u2019 property probably -since tbe railroad right-of-way. Tbe mud-hole on Nelms\u2019 property was created by tbe public travel. If the passageway were closed up between Nelms\u2019 fence and the railroad track, it would not inconvenience the public. The way was obstructed in 1919 because they, shipped lumber in and sometimes four or five freight ears. . The part along Nelms\u2019 property had never been obstructed altogether. Witness further testified that he didn\u2019t think it would inconvenience the public generally to close the road. He stated! that the people could not get on the property in front of Nelms\u2019 without trespassing on the railroad right-of-way.\nThe testimony of the county judge of Craighead County was to the effect that the road in controversy had never been worked by the county authorities as a' public road. This witness was asked \u201cif the gin and the cantaloupe shed were removed, would that be used as a highway at all?\u201d and answered: \u201cMy observation has been that that road has been used! as a matter of convenience for the railroad in unloading carloads of stock and materials, and for the benefit of the gin and cantaloupe shed. The cantaloupe industry is just a recent thing. The platform for loading cotton was used for the last five or six years. The gin has been there a long time. When they first started using this, they would drive in where the Merritt Mercantile Company is now. \u2019 \u2019 This witness, further along in his testimony, .stated, with reference to the space in front of appellee\u2019s property, \u201cthey rode all over it at one time on one part and later on another part. It was just like any other open territory not fenced \u2014 could drive on any of it. The road was usually used for business, and the business was along the right-of-way. There was nothing to obstruct them. They could go on Mr. Nelms\u2019 property if they saw fit.\u201d\nIt is unnecessary to set out more of the testimony. We have examined it all, and are thoroughly convinced that the finding of the trial court to the effect that the use of the roadway by the public had not been adverse, but permissive, is not against a preponderance of the evidence. In Brumley v. State, 83 Ark. 236, among other things, we said: \u201cWhen the public use a road running through open and unfenced lands, without any order of the county court making it a public road and without any 'attempt to work it or exercise authority over it as a public highway, the presumption is that the use of the road is not adverse to the rights of the owner of the land, but by his consent. When he needs the land, he may withdraw his consent, fence the land, and exclude the public without violating the law.\u201d\nIn Sharp v. Mynatt, 1 Lea (Tenn.) 375, it is held, (quoting syllabus): \u201cMere user by permission of landowner of a way over his land1 cannot establish a right to a public way, unless such user is shown by facts and circumstances showing the user by the public under a claim of right, and not simply by permission, actual or tacit, of the owner. The fact that the road had never been worked, repaired, taken control of by the public, or overseers appointed, is an important element of evidence against such claim of right, though not conclusive.\u201d See also State v. Nudd, 23 N. H. 327; K. C. & O. Ry. Co. v. State, 74 Neb. 868; Harriman v. Howe, 78 Hun 280.\nIn the last cited case it is said (quoting syllabus): \u201cProof of user alone of a road is insufficient to show it to be a public highway. It must be associated with some act showing such use to be claimed as a right, hostile to and independent of the will of the owner, such as reparation or assuming the control of the road in some ostensible manner.\u201d There is nothing in the testimony to show that the public was claiming the roadway in controversy adversely to the appellee.\nThe appellants \u2019 case falls down on the failure to prove an adverse use by the public of the roadway in controversy for a period of seven years. For aught that the testimony shows to the contrary, the use by the public of the alleged roadway was only permissive and temporary. In this respect the case is clearly differentiated from the cases of Osceola v. Haynie, 147 Ark. 290; Mebane v. City of Wynne, 127 Ark. 364; McCracken v. State, 146 Ark. 300; Peeples v. Aydelott, 125 Ark. 50; Ry. v. Taylor, 130 Ark. 64; Road District v. Winkler, 102 Ark. 553, upon which, the appellee relies.\nThe testimony in this record does not warrant a finding that the gin company had acquired a right-of-way over appellee\u2019s land by adverse use. The decree is in all things correct, and it is therefore affirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Wood, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Hawthorne, Hawthorne & Wheatley, for appellant.", "Horace Slo'cm, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Merritt Mercantile Company v. Nelms.\nOpinion delivered February 23, 1925.\n1. Highways \u2014 permissive use \u2014 evidence\u2014In a suit to enjoin defendant from 'closing up a road the trial court\u2019s finding that the use of the roadway toy the public was not adverse tout permissive was not against the preponderance of the evidence.\n2. Highways \u2014 PERMissrvE use of road. \u2014 Where the public use a road running through open, unfenced land without any order of the county court making it a public road, and without any 'attempt to work it or exercise authority over it as a public highway, it will be presumed that the use. of the road is not adverse to the rights of the owner of the land, tout by his consent, and when he needs the land he may withdraw his consent and exclude the public.\n3. Highways. \u2014 sufficiency of proof of user. \u2014 Proof of user alone of ia road is insufficient to show it to toe a public highway; it must appear that such user was under a claim of right hostile to and independent of the will of the owner, as by repairing the road or assuming control of it in some ostensible manner.\n4. Highways \u2014 prescription.\u2014Adverse use of a road for seven years by the public is necessary to establish a road as a public highway toy prescription.\nAppealed from Oraigbead Cbanoery Court, Eastern District; J. M. Futrell, Chancellor;\n'affirmed.\nHawthorne, Hawthorne & Wheatley, for appellant.\nThe road is a public highway. A road may be appropriated for travel by an individual, a corporation or the public. 13 R. C. L. 15-17; 121 N. W. 652, 22 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1221; 172 Pac. 869; L. R. A. 1918 E. 400. Improvement for public use is not necessary. 191 S. W. 151; 127 Ark. 364; L. R. A. 1918 E. 400. If open to all \u25a0who may desire to use it, it is a public highway, though it may accommodate only a limited portion of the public or even a single family. 13 R. O. L. 16, 33; Lewis on Eminent Domain \u00a7 166; 15 Ark. 43. An intent to dedicate for public nse may be inferred where the owner suffers it to be used by the public for a great length of time 13 R.C.L. 34; 198 S. W. 69, 5 A. L. R. 198. An easement is not limited to the traveled path, but carries with it the usual width of the highway in the locality. 29 C. J. 375; 388; 13 R. C. L. 58; 106 A. S. R. 418; 57 A. S. R. 740; 156 Ark. 501. Appellee\u2019s fence is a nuisance and should be abated. 89 Ark. 175; 147 Ark. 290; 13 R. 'C. L. 186, 201. Appellants have the right to sue as they suffer special injury. 73 Ark. 1; 13 R. C. L. 227, 240; L. R. A. 1917A. 1150; 91 A. S. R. 46, 59 L. R. A. 399; 4 A. L. R. 343. Appellee should be compelled to remove the obstruction. 66 Ark. 40; 146 Ark. 300; 50 Ark. 53; 135 Ark. 496; 132 Ark. 316; 29 O. J. 379; 125 Ark. 50; 130 Ark. 64; 79 Ark. 5; 83 Ark. 369; 102 Ark. 553; 127; Ark. 364.\nHorace Slo'cm, for appellee.\nNone of the appellants has the right to maintain this suit. 159 Ark. 335. The use of the Nelms property was permissive, and not adverse. He had the right to withdraw consent at any time. 83 Ark. 236. See also the opinion of the chancellor. There must have been some act by the public authorities to establish the road as a public highway. 74 Neb. 868, 105 N. W. 713; 78 Hun. 280, 28 N.Y.S. 858; 69 Tenn. 375; 92 Iowa 755; '23 N. H. 327; 112 N. C. 889." }, "file_name": "0046-01", "first_page_order": 64, "last_page_order": 71 }