{
  "id": 1374006,
  "name": "Mode v. State",
  "name_abbreviation": "Mode v. State",
  "decision_date": "1925-09-28",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "356",
  "last_page": "359",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "169 Ark. 356"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ark.",
    "id": 8808,
    "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 34,
    "name_long": "Arkansas",
    "name": "Ark."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "55 Ark., 567",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1322323
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/55/0567-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T23:00:38.667503+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "Mode v. State."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Humphreys, J.\nAppellant was indicted, tried, and convicted in the circuit court of Conway County for' burglary and grand larceny, and was adjudged to serve a term of three years in the 'State penitentiary on each charge nr count in the indictment. From the judgment of conviction, he has duly prosecuted an appeal to this court.\nThe evidence introduced by the State fended to show that appellant and three others, Homer Hendrickson, Bob Shaw, and Harry Durbin, burglarized a store at Oppelo on the night of April 7, 1924, and stole merchandise, belonging to the Van Meter Mercantile Company, of the value of $110.56.\nUpon the trial of the cause, Harry Durbin testified that appellant assisted him in escaping from jail, harbored him after the escape in his home for five or six days, and then took him to Oklahoma in his car, where he left him. Toward the close of the trial, appellant moved to exclude Durbin\u2019s testimony, and \u2022 saved an exception to the court\u2019s refusal to do so. This exception was carried into appellant\u2019s motion for a new trial, wherein appellant alleged surprise at its introduction and the discovery of testimony by which he could establish, an \u00a1alibi at the time Durbin claimed he assisted him in escaping.\nThe 'Opening statement of the case was made by Mr. Rorex, who Was employed to assist the prosecuting attorney. In making the statement, he took occasion to say that Homer Hendrickson had been killed, and that Bob Shaw had escaped from the penitentiary. Appellant objected to this remark, and saved his exception to the refusal of the court to exclude it. When the objection was made, Mr. Rorex said that he had made the statement in explanation of why the State could not introduce Hendrickson and Shaw as witnesses. Three assignments of error are presented by appellant as reasons for a reversal of the judgment; first, that the remark made by Mr. Rprex was improper and prejudicial; second, that the testimony of Harry Durbin was incompetent as a circumstance flor the jury to consider in arriving at the verdict; and third, that the court erred in refusing to grant him a new trial upon the grounds of surprise at Dubbin\u2019s testimony and discovery of new evidence after the trial to counteract it.\nThe remark complained of was made by Mr. Rorex in the preliminary presentation of the case and in explanation of the absence of two parties that the State Would have used for witnesses if they had been available. The \u00a1State used Durbin, who admitted that he Was implicated in the robbery, and it was both natural and logical for the State to explain why the others implicated in the robbery would not also be used for witnesses. We see nothing in the statement indicating bad faith on the part of the attorney, or \u00a1an attempt on his part to testify or introduce hearsay evidence. We think the remark was proper in outlining the case.\nWe think the testimony of Durbin was admissible as a circumstance tending to \u00a1show the guilt of appellant. DiUxbin was arrested for the same offense with which appellant was charged; and, if he assisted Durbin ini escaping from jail, harbored him, and took him to another State, these acts tended to show a connection between them in the \u00a1crime. The relevancy of the testimony is apparent because appellant would not have assisted Durbin in making his escape if he 'had not been a participant in the crime.\nAppellant\u2019s surprise at Durbin\u2019s testimony and the discovery of evidence to refute it were not sufficient to bring him -within the rule allowing a new trial for newly discovered evidence relating to a material issue in the case. His surprise should have been announced \u25a0when Durbin testified, and he should have followed it up by asking a suspension of the proceedings until he could secure the Avitness to show an alibi. He must have knoAvn Where he was on the night of October 10, 1924, the time Durbin testified he assisted him in. escaping from jail. The affidavits attached to the motion for a new trial, tending to establish his alibi on that date, were affidavits of witnesses living in a town near the county seat. He knew at that time where these -witnesses lived and what they would testify Avith reference to his whereT abouts on that night. Newly discovered evidence which will warrant the granting of a new trial means testimony discovered after the trial -which could not be discovered by the exercise of diligence before the trial, and not testimony knoAvn to the party in interest before and during the trial. The rule announced by this court in the case of Nickens v. State, 55 Ark., 567, is applicable to the facts in the instant case.\nNo error appearing, the judgment is affirmed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Humphreys, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Edward Gordon, for appellant.",
      "H. W. Applegate, Attorney General, ,and Barden Moose, Assistant, for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Mode v. State.\nOpinion delivered September 28, 1925.\n1. Criminal law \u2014 opening statement. \u2014 Where the State\u2019s theory was that appellant and three others committed a \u00a1burglary, it was not error for the State's attorney, in his opening statement, to state that one of defendant\u2019s accomplices was dead and that \u25a0another one had escaped from the penitentiary, as it was proper for the State to explain why the others would not be used for witnesses.\n2. Criminal law \u2014 competency op evidence. \u2014 Proof by one of appellant\u2019s alleged accomplices that appellant assisted witness, arrested for the same offense, in escaping from jail, harbored him, and took him to another State, was competent as tending to show a connection between appellant and the witness in the crime.\n3. Criminal law-new trial \u2014 newly-discovered evidence. \u2014 Newly-discovered evidence which will warrant the granting of a new trial means testimony discovered after the trial which could not be discovered by the exercise of diligence before the trial, and not testimony known to the party in interest before and during the trial.\nAppeal from Conway Circuit Court; J. T. Bulloch, Judge;\naffirmed.\nEdward Gordon, for appellant.\nH. W. Applegate, Attorney General, ,and Barden Moose, Assistant, for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0356-01",
  "first_page_order": 376,
  "last_page_order": 379
}