{ "id": 1399964, "name": "Pelt v. Dockery", "name_abbreviation": "Pelt v. Dockery", "decision_date": "1928-02-27", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "418", "last_page": "423", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "176 Ark. 418" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "9 L. R. A. (N. S.) 224", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L.R.A.N.S.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "88 Pac. 738", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "case_ids": [ 8859040 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/kan/75/0076-01" ] }, { "cite": "78 Am. St. Rep. 334", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Am. St. Rep.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "48 L. R. A. 257", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L.R.A.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "59 Pac. 1059", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "case_ids": [ 1087361 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/kan/61/0496-01" ] }, { "cite": "20 Am. St. Rep. 344", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Am. St. Rep.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "10 S. E. 589", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "83 Ga. 787", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ga.", "case_ids": [ 73386 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ga/83/0787-01" ] }, { "cite": "7 S. W. 563", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "50 Ark. 367", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8723011 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/50/0367-01" ] }, { "cite": "89 Am. St. Rep. 733", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Am. St. Rep.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "66 S. W. 536", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "166 Mo. 596", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mo.", "case_ids": [ 2211773 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mo/166/0596-01" ] }, { "cite": "85 S. W. 244", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "74 Ark. 104", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8718504 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/74/0104-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 551, "char_count": 10385, "ocr_confidence": 0.489, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.9383574462709697e-07, "percentile": 0.7351890013664889 }, "sha256": "cfd5f25c8ad2dfe44500f604263358027cc564f6bdb88f6941fe747090db8e70", "simhash": "1:84ccbafb7aa5d839", "word_count": 1876 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:05:04.337082+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Pelt v. Dockery." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mehaffy, J.\nAppellants, plaintiffs below, filed suit in Lafayette Chancery Court against the appellees, defendants below, alleging, in substance, that A. B. Dockery and Minnie Dockery, his wife, being indebted to said John D. Pelt in the sum of $2,276, did on January 6, 1921, execute their promissory note for said sum, due in one year and two years after date thereof, bearing interest at the rate of 10 per cent, per annum from date until paid, and that, to secure the payment of said .indebtedness, defendants executed and delivered to plaintiff a deed of trust whereby they conveyed to Louie Pelt, as trustee, the northeast quarter of 'section-20, township 15 south, range 22 west, in Lafayette County, Arkansas. At the time suit was begun there was a balance due on said indebtedness of $1,948.87 and interest: Deed of trust was recorded. Minnie Dockery joined with her husband in said conveyance, and waived her rights of dower and homestead. A. B. Dockery died in 1923, leaving as his only heirs Ester Dockery, Lester Dockery, Jim Dockery, Berry Dockery, Dary Dockery, Daniel Dockery, Groodley Dockery and Odessa Wesley, the appellees, and others who were made parties and summoned, but who did not appear or make any defense.\nThe appellees claimed title to one-half of the above described land under the following instrument:\n\u201cKnow all men by these presents: That I, A. B. Dockery, of Lafayette County, Arkansas, for and in consideration of the sum of one dollar to me in hand paid by Ju'lia Dockery, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, -and for the further consideration of the love and affection I have and bear for my said wife, Julia Dockery, do hereby grant, bargain, sell and convey unto the said Julia Dockery and unto her heirs and assigns forever, the following lands lying in the county of Lafayette, and State of Arkansas, to-wit: East half of the northeast quarter of section twenty, in township fifteen south, range twenty-two west, containing 80 acres of land, more or less. It being understood and agreed that this deed is to take-effect and be in force after my death, and that the title to said land is to remain in me so long as I may live. To have and to hold the same unto the said Julia Dockery and unto her heirs and assigns forever, with all appurtenances ther\u00e9unto belonging. And I hereby covenant with said Julia Dockery that I will forever warrant and defend the title to the said lands against all lawful claims whatever.\n\u201cWitness my hand and seal on this 22d day of September, 1906. (Seal) A. B. Dockery.\u201d\nSaid deed was properly acknowledged and recorded on the same day.\nAppellees were the only heirs of Julia Dockery. Julia Dockery died in 1910. Appellees asked that said deed of trust to Louie Pelt be canceled in so far as it concerned the land described in deed of A. B. Dockery of September 22, 1906. Plaintiff J. D. Pelt died while the suit was pending, and J. H. Landes was appointed administrator ad litem, and suit was revived in the name of the administrator ad litem.\nPlaintiffs filed a general demurrer to defendants\u2019 answer. Court overruled the demurrer, and rendered judgment in flavor of defendants. Plaintiffs exceppted, prayed appeal to the .Supreme Court, which was granted.\nThe only question for the consideration of this court is whether the instrument above set out is a valid deed, or whether it is of a testamentary nature, and void. The appellant contends that the following clause in the instrument, \u201cit being understood and agreed that this deed is to take' effect and be in force after my death, and that the title to said land is to remain in me as long as I live,\u201d makes it void because it is contended that it conveys nothing in praesenti. Appellant states that it does not appear that the precise question involved here has ever been before this court,' but attention is called to the case of Cribbs v. Walker, 74 Ark. 104, 85 S. W. 244. In that case the court said:\n\u201cThe form is that of a deed, the words, \u2018grant, bargain, sell and convey\u2019 used, being appropriate to the office of the deed and inappropriate in a will. * * * The only words in them that can be said to be evidence of intention to make a will are, \u2018and the deed shall go into full force and effect at my death,\u2019 but we are to construe these words in connection with the whole deed. Every part must have its effect, if the same can be done consistent with the rules of law. \u2019 \u2019\nThe deed in the instant case has the clause, \u201cit being understood and agreed that this deed is to take effect and be in force after my death, and that the title to said land is to remain in me so long as I live.\u201d There is practically no difference between this clause and the clause in the ease above referred to, but in the instrument we are considering it is in the form of a deed, and uses the'words, \u201cgrant, bargain, sell and convey\u201d; in fact all of the words necessary to make a valid deed. It was executed by Dockery on September 22, 1906, acknowledged the same day, and filed for record and recorded on the same day. It must be kept in mind that every part of the instrument must have its effect, if the same can be done consistent with the rules of law. Construed in this way, it was evidently the intention of Dockery to give the. land to his wife.\nThe appellant cites and relies on Murphy v. Gabbert, 166 Mo. 596, 66 S. W. 536, 89 Am. St. Rep. 733. The court held in that case that it was not the intention of the grantor to pass any present interest in the property.\nThere is a conflict in authorities on this question, but the decisions of this court are controlling, and settle the question in accordance with the decision in. the case of Cribbs v. Walker, supra.\nWhen the whole deed is considered, it seems clear > that it was the intention of the grantor to deed the property to his wife. The rule of construction is that effect must be given to the intention of the party. \u201cThe fundamental rule in the construction of both wills and deeds is to give effect to the intention of the party executing the instrument, to be arrived at through the language used as found in the entire writing, construed in the light of all the attending circumstances, and in some oases aided by extrinsic evidence of the maker\u2019s real intention; or, where the language of the instrument is doubtful, as to how he regarded the transaction, such aider, however, being subject to the general rule that intention plainly expressed by the face of the instrument cannot be contradicted by parol. \u201d 8 R. C. L., p. 931.\n\u201cThere is more or less conflict of authority as to the effect of recitals attempting to postpone the operation of a deed until the grantor\u2019s death. Many cases are to be found in which instruments containing such words have been construed as being testamentary, while others treat the words that the instrument is not to take effect until the death of the grantor, as a clumsy way of expressing\u2019 that the deed is not to take effect in possession or in the enjoyment of the property until the grantor\u2019s death. If it is necessary to hold that the instrument is a deed in order to uphold it, the general rule applies, of course, that the court will, if possible, so construe the instrument as to give it effect, and that a construction of an instrument which would deprive it of any effect will not be adopted if it can reasonably be avoided; and the practical construction given the instrument by the parties may also be considered, as where the grantor allows it to be recorded and permits the gradtee to sell the land, or where, in a partition suit brought by the grantor, both parties to the instrument treat it as a deed.\u201d 8 R. C. L., p. 932-3.\nWhen we consider the whole instrument, and keep in mind the fact that it was not only executed and delivered but recorded, and that there was no power of revocation, and the further fact that we should give the instrument such a construction as will uphold it if possible, it seems to us that the instrument must be construed as a deed. In the\u2019case of Bunch v. Nicks, 50 Ark. 367, 7 S. W. 563, in construing a deed which provided, among other things, that it should not go into full force and effect until the grantor\u2019s death, the court said:\n\u201cWe think the instruments in question were valid deeds, and conveyed a present title to the donees, with the postponement of the right of the use and possession until the donor\u2019s death. It is obvious that the intention of the donor was to give his property to the children \u2022mentioned in the deeds, reserving the right to use and hold the same and to enjoy the profits thereof during his life. The evidence of this intention, afforded by the instruments themselves, are:' (1) The form is- that of a deed, the words, \u2018grant, bargain, sell and convey,\u2019 used, being .appropriate to the office of the deed, and inappropriate to a will. (2) They (contain a covenant of warranty, whereby the donor agrees to forever warrant and defend the title to the land to the donees and their heirs and assigns, against all lawful claims whatsoever. (3) The-donor himself calls them deeds of conveyance; and it is unreasonable to suppose he would call what he intended as a will deeds of conveyance. (4) They were executed, delivered and acknowledged as deeds. The only words used in them that can be said to be evidence of an intention to make a will are, \u2018and the deed shall go into full force and effect at my death.\u2019 But we are to construe these words in connection with the whole deed. Every part must have effect, if the same can be done consistently with the rules of law. Construed in this way, it is evident that the intention of Nicks was to give the land and sell the personal property he had at the time they were executed, to the grantees, and to reserve the use and enjoyment thereof for and during his life.\u201d\nNumerous authorities are cited in the above case, and it has since been followed by this court. See also, Seals v. Pierce, 83 Ga. 787, 10 S. E. 589, 20 Am. St. Rep. 344; Love v. Blauw, 59 Pac. 1059, 61 Kan. 496, 48 L. R. A. 257, 78 Am. St. Rep. 334; Pentico v. Hays, 88 Pac. 738, 75 Kan. 76, 9 L. R. A. (N. S.) 224.\nThe court below was correct in overruling the demurrer and in rendering the decree for appellees, and the decree is therefore affirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mehaffy, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "R. T. Boulware, for appellant.", "Searcy & Searcy, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Pelt v. Dockery.\nOpinion delivered February 27, 1928.\nR. T. Boulware, for appellant.\nSearcy & Searcy, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0418-01", "first_page_order": 436, "last_page_order": 441 }