{ "id": 1396959, "name": "Riceland Petroleum Company v. Moore", "name_abbreviation": "Riceland Petroleum Co. v. Moore", "decision_date": "1928-12-10", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "599", "last_page": "603", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "178 Ark. 599" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "205 S. W. 806", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "135 Ark. 466", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1571566 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/135/0466-01" ] }, { "cite": "206 S. W. 73", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "136 Ark. 31", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 410, "char_count": 8477, "ocr_confidence": 0.48, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.047592172751612e-08, "percentile": 0.5044769019352093 }, "sha256": "4591d6c8e4ac5a2512a4ff922b3657a8e3ea1eddfabcc026e91604a58def8f62", "simhash": "1:3d86eb239d41881e", "word_count": 1494 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:48:05.944247+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Riceland Petroleum Company v. Moore." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Smith, J.\nAppellee was engaged in selling dental supplies, and he drove a small automobile over the State in calling on his customers. On November 11, 1927, as he was driving from Stuttgart to Pine Bluff, he had a collision with a truck which was being- driven in the opposite direction, belonging to appellant, and driven by Joe Campbell, as a result of which he sustained a very serious injury, and from the judgment awarding him damages to compensate his injury is this appeal.\nAs is usual in cases of this character, each party excused himself and blamed the other. The testimony is in hopeless conflict, but that offered on behalf of appellee was to the effect that, as he drove along\u2019 the road, a colored man named Childs, who was walking in the same direction, and on the same side of the road, crossed over to the opposite side of the road, and, as the truck approached, being driven rapidly, Childs started back across the road, and Campbell turned his truck to his left and ran over on that side of the road, and in doing so ran into appellee\u2019s car. It was appellee\u2019s theory that, if Campbell had had his truck under control, or had remained on the right-hand side of the road, the collision would not have occurred, and that the collision did not occur until after the truck had been driven past the colored man.\nCampbell denied that he was driving rapidly or that his truck was out of control. He testified that he saw Childs, and that no collision would have occurred had Childs not attempted to cross over to the opposite side of the road, which put him on Campbell\u2019s side, and, as Childs did this, witness turned his truck to the right, but, fearing that he would drive into the ditch and on top of Childs, he turned the truck back to the left, and, as he did so, Childs also started back across the road. Witness, seeing that he was about to strike Childs, turned further to the left to avoid striking Childs, and witness admitted that he knew, when he did this, he would collide with appellee\u2019s car, but, in the emergency thus created, he had to run over the man or run into the car, and he thought it better to strike the car than to run over the man. That, at the time of the collision, he was going very slow, having applied his brakes, and the colored man was not over three feet from his radiator when he bumped into appellee\u2019s car.\nOscar Sellig, who was riding in the truck, testified that when Childs came back across the road he was not over ten or twenty feet from the truck, and that Campbell turned first to the right and then to the left to dodge Childs, who also turned in the same directions, and that, if Campbell had not struck appellee\u2019s car, he would have struck the colored man.\nChilds testified that he was walking on- the right-hand side of the road, and saw the truck approach on the opposite side of the road, and that he did not know about the car behind him (appellee\u2019s ear) until it was within about ten feet of him; that appellee\u2019s car frightened him, and he jumped over to the other side of the road, and, as he did so, Campbell turned the truck' towards the ditch, and witness then turned back the other way, and so did Campbell; that neither ear was running at an excessive speed; that he was frightened when he discovered the .car behind him, and tried to get out of the way.\nOver appellee\u2019s objection the court gave instructions numbered 3 and 4, reading as follows:\n\u201cNo. 3. For the mutual protection of travelers upon a public highway, certain rules have grown up by custom through long continued use and practice, and are crystallized into law under which is designated in the books as \u2018the law of the road.\u2019 One of these rules is that travelers in meeting shall each bear or keep to the right. Travelers owe to each other the reciprocal duty of observing these rules, and a failure to exercise ordinary care to observe them, resulting in injury to another, will constitute actionable negligence.\n\u201cNo. 4. You are instructed that, if you find from the evidence in this case that the plaintiff, L. C. Moore, on the 11th day of November, 1927, was traveling in his automobile on the highway going from Stuttgart to Pine Bluff, and that he met Joe Campbell, an agent of the Riceland Petroleum Company, in a car of said company, and on business of said company, going from Pine Bluff to Stuttgart, arid that the plaintiff was on the right-hand side of said road, and that defendant left the side of the road traveled by him, being the right-hand -side, and negligently, carelessly, recklessly or purposely ran into the automobile occupied by the plaintiff, then he would be guilty of negligence, and the plaintiff would be entitled to judgment for all damages sustained to his car and by him personally.\u201d\nIt is earnestly insisted that these instructions were erroneous and that the court erred in \u2019giving them.\nInstruction numbered 3 is based upon the case of Carter v. Brown, 136 Ark. 31, 206 S. W. 73, where \u00a1the court declared the law of the road to be \u201cthat travelers in meeting shall each bear or keep to the right,\u201d but the court there said that this rule is not an inflexible one, and that \u201cemergencies may arise where, in order to escape from danger to one\u2019s self or to prevent injury to others, it will be not only excusable but perfectly proper to temporarily violate the general rule.\u201d\nAppellant insists that instruction numbered 3 ignores this exception, and permits a recovery upon the mere finding that the collision occurred while Campbell was over on the left side of the road, and we think the instruction is open to this objection, and that it is erroneous in this respect.\nAccording to appellee, there was no emergency except that arising- from Campbell\u2019s negligence in driving rapidly and in not putting his truck under control after he saw or should have seen that Childs was in a position of danger, and appellee insists that there would even then have been no collision had Campbell stayed upon his own side of the road.\nIt is the law, as was said in the case of Wells v. Shepard, 135 Ark. 466, 205 S. W. 806, that \u201cone cannot shield himself behind an emergency created by his own negligence;\u201d but the testimony presents the question whether Campbell\u2019s negligence created the emergency which prompted him to violate the abstract general rule of the road requiring him to keep to the right. If Campbell\u2019s negligence produced the emergency under which he acted, he is liable for the consequences of his act, for at last it would be his negligence which caused the injury. But, if Campbell\u2019s negligence did not cause the emergency, the jury should be permitted to say whether, under the circumstances, Campbell was negligent in driving on the left side of the road.\nIn this connection it should be said that, if appellee was guilty of negligence'causing or contributing to his injury, he cannot recover.\nInstruction numbered 4 told the jury that if Campbell, \u201cbeing on the right-hand side, negligently, carelessly, recklessly or purposely ran into the automobile occupied by the' plaintiff, then he would be guilty of negligence, and the plaintiff would be entitled to judgment for all damages sustained to his oar and by him personally.\u201d\nSpecific objection was made to the portion of this instruction which told the jury that plaintiff should recover if defendant purposely ran into appellee\u2019s automobile, there being no testimony to show that Campbell had acted maliciously, and it being admitted by him that he drove into the car to avoid striking the man.\n\"What was said about instruction numbered 3 is applicable here. If Campbell was not otherwise negligent, negligence cannot be predicated upon the fact that Campbell chose to strike the car rather than the man when one collision or the other was unavoidable. If Campbell\u2019s negligence rendered it necessary for him to make this choice, he is liable for the damages resulting from Ms choice, for the reason that \u201cone cannot shield himself behind an emergency created by his own negligence;\u201d but, if Campbell was not guilty of negligence producing the emergency, he would not be liable for the consequences of his choice, unless there was negligence in making his choice, a contention which is not here made.\nFor the error in giving instructions numbered 3 and 4 the judgment must be reversed, and it is so ordered.", "type": "majority", "author": "Smith, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "J. A. Sherrill, for appellant.", "George M. Chapline, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Riceland Petroleum Company v. Moore.\nOpinion delivered December 10, 1928.\nJ. A. Sherrill, for appellant.\nGeorge M. Chapline, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0599-01", "first_page_order": 617, "last_page_order": 621 }