{ "id": 1462392, "name": "Lewis v. Chitwood Motor Company", "name_abbreviation": "Lewis v. Chitwood Motor Co.", "decision_date": "1938-04-25", "docket_number": "4-5047", "first_page": "86", "last_page": "94", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "196 Ark. 86" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "94 S. W. 2d 359", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "192 Ark. 743", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1415097 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/192/0743-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 719, "char_count": 14907, "ocr_confidence": 0.486, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.6891248986495968e-07, "percentile": 0.6989316751671623 }, "sha256": "e68557e6b386de54af09eee7c69e90495d563963760176a0e67f64e0484c1221", "simhash": "1:90dfb9b33e879e1b", "word_count": 2656 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:57:18.765663+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Mr. Justice Donham disqualified and not participating." ], "parties": [ "Lewis v. Chitwood Motor Company." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Griffin Smith, C. J.\nThe question to be determined is whether the circuit court erred in instructing a verdict for the defendants at the close of plaintiff\u2019s proof.\nAppellant sued the Chitwood Motor Company and Al Miller, alleging that through the negligence of Miller, an agent of Chitwood Motor Company, while Miller was acting within the scope of his employment and without., fault or negligence upon the part of appellant, he was injured in an automobile wreck, to his damage in the sum of $30,000.\nIn response to a motion to make the complaint more definite, the plaintiff alleged that the automobile, in which he was riding with appellee Miller, was unsafe; that \u201cthe knee action and steering mechanism were defective, causing the front wheels to shimmy and make it hard to guide and steer said car and keep same properly in the road.\u201d\nSeparate answers were filed by the-defendants.\nThe accident occurred the night of October 9, 1934, between 11:15 and 11:20. Appellee -Chitwood Motor Company, a corporation, at that time held a Hot Springs agency for Chevrolet automobiles. The Chevrolet Company conducted a series of zone meetings and had requested its agencies to have their representatives and salesmen attend. Such a meeting was held at the Marion Hotel in Little Rock the'evening of October 9, 1934, and appellant Lewis, with Harry A. Sparks, appellee A1 Miller, and Mack Lewis, John R. Tate, and H. D. Gossett, all from the Chitwood Company, left Hot Springs about half past four o \u2019clock in the afternoon.\nAppellant testified that Miller, Gossett, Tate and Sparks picked him up. They proceeded to the \u201cBlack Cat,\u201d a liquor store, where Miller bought two pints of whiskey. \u201cHe kept it on the front seat until we got out where we got a bottle of Coca-Cola. This was at Van\u2019s Cabin. As a matter of convenience while taking a drink while driving we had one bottle in the front seat and one in the back. After we left Van\u2019s Cabins we all had a drink and I took one with the rest of them. \"We had another drink at Benton, and after that drove on to Little Rock, arriving there a little after six o\u2019clock. We first went to the \u201cTom and Andrews\u201d Cafe and had something to eat, finishing around 7:15 to 7:30, then attended the meeting at the Marion Hotel. Mr. Chitwood [of the Chitwood Motor Company] was awarded some sort of a prize. He was not present, and A1 Miller received it for him. After the meeting we got our car from the Marion Garag\u2019e, and started home a few minutes after ten o\u2019clock.\n\u201cWe stopped at a sandwich place just out of town between the penitentiary and railroad. It was a dance hall as well as a sandwich shop. Miller and Tate danced several times. I drank a glass of beer, or maybe two. We left there about 11:15. Gossett and Sparks were in the back seat and Miller, Tate, and I, were in the front seat, with Miller driving. I sat between Miller and Tate. We drove out,' I suppose, two-thirds of the way to the forks of the road where the accident occurred, and there was a Ford passed us and Miller said, \u2018I don\u2019t think I will let him get away with that. \u2019 He took out after him and in a little while the Ford turned off and Miller slowed up a little ways and then started driving a little faster again. Three of us cautioned him about driving too fast. Just before we got to the curve Gossett leaned over and said, \u2018Slow down \u2014 there is a bad curve down there just ahead.\u2019 Miller said he knew it, but thought he would straighten it out. Just as we reached the curve I saw he was going too fast to make the curve, and I told him to slow down. He put the brakes on and the car took a \u2018shimmying\u2019 spell, and I suppose he lost control of it. I could tell he thought he would go down that old gravel road. Instead of doing that he kinda angled off down and hit a tree. After I saw him hit that tree, there was very little I know about it.\u201d\nThe undisputed evidence is that Mr. Chitwood of the Chitwood Motor Company asked appellant and his companions to make the trip to Little Rock. It is also in evidence that Miller was sales manager of the used car department. His duty was to look after the repairs necessary to be made on cars taken in on exchange, and according to appellant, \u201che supervised or controlled the rest of the employees in anything pertaining to used cars. \u2019 \u2019\nShortly before October 9, Roy E. Ermey traded the Chitwood Company a 1934 model Chevrolet purchased from another agency. Mr. Ermey testified that the car was defective in that it would \u201cshimmy\u201d when driven at a rate of speed varying from 30 to 45 miles an hour. Appellant testified that he knew of these \u201cshimmying\u201d proclivities, and that the Ermey car was the one they had driven to Little Rock. His statement was: \u201cAl Miller knew about it. After Ermey traded it in,- it was run through the shop, and they were told to put it up like it ought to be. Al Miller did that. The car had been run through the shop after it was taken in from Ermey, and I assumed it was all right when we started on this trip. I asked Miller \u2014 I told him when we got in the car, I said: \u2018I\u2019m afraid to go in this car.\u2019 He said: \u2018It has been through the shop; it is fixed.\u2019 \u201d\nThe principal ground for reversal urged by appellant is that during the progress of the trial, and before the plaintiff had completed his testimony, the court interrupted the proceeding\u2019s and expressed an intention to direct the jury to return a verdict for the defendants. However, subsequent to this announcement, tlie plaintiff was permitted to put on his witnesses for the purpose of completing the record, and at the close of such testimony a verdict for the defendants was. directed.\nThere was no testimony that the Ermey car was not repaired after its receipt by the Chitwood Motor Company. Appellant\u2019s testimony that it began to \u201cshimmy\u201d as the curve was reached is not sufficient to invoke the rule of res ipsa loquitur.\nShortly after the accident occurred Harry A. Sparks sued in the Garland circuit court, asking $45,000 to compensate damages. Chitwood Motor Company and A1 Miller were defendants. The court directed verdicts in their behalf. On appeal Judge Earl Witt was sustained. Sparks v. Chitwood Motor Company, 192 Ark. 743, 94 S. W. 2d 359. The following is from the opinion:\n\u201cThere was some conflict in the testimony, but all' of the testimony shows that they were all drinking, and the preponderance of the testimony shows that they were all drunk. It is said that on the return from Little Bock to Hot Springs, just before they reached the upper Hot Springs road, some one told Miller, who was driving, that there was a sharp curve ahead, and Miller said he would straighten it out. Miller was unquestionably guilty of negligence, but according* to all of the evidence, appellant was- bound to know all about it. He knew that Miller was drunk and careless, and according to all. of the evidence, acquiesced in it, and made no protest. The fact is that they were all out having a gay time, a^^d loere all guilty of negligence. (Italics supplied.)\n\u201cThe appellant insists that there is substantial evidence to support appellant\u2019s contentions, and that the court, therefore, erred in directing a verdict. He insists that there was nothing to indicate to his mind that Miller was in a condition that made it unsafe to ride with him. Sparks himself, however, testified that when they got out on the road, Miller was driving and the Ford car passed him, and Miller said that they could not do like that and get away with it. He testified that Miller took after the Ford and gained on it, kept driving fast, and that Gossett said: \u2018You better slow down. We have a bad curve there ahead.\u2019 Miller said: \u2018I\u2019ll try to straighten that out.\u2019 Sparks was bound to know the condition of Miller, and know that he was driving recklessly. He did not make any protest, but acquiesced in whatever Miller did.\u201d\nIt is insisted for reversal in the instant case that appellant Lewis positively denied he was intoxicated, or that Miller was intoxicated, or that either of them was to any extent under the influence of liquor at the time of the wreck, or that liquor was the direct or contributing cause of the misadventure. \u2022\nThe principles of law appellant insists are applicable are that before intoxication of the driver of an automobile will preclude a recovery by a passenger who is injured while riding with an intoxicated driver, it must be established (a) that the driver was intoxicated or under the influence of liquor to such an extent as to make him a careless or incompetent driver, (b) that the passenger knew, or by the exercise of ordinary care should have known, that the driver was under the influence of liquor, but notwithstanding such knowledge rode with him, and (c) that the intoxicated condition of the driver must have caused or at least contributed to the injury.\nThese are correct' declarations of the law; and, in view of the testimony in this case and at the former trial, and in the light of attending circumstances, bar appellant from recovery.\nAppellant, having been recalled, testified: \u201cI was not drunk. Wasn\u2019t anybody drunk. Sparks got sick, but wasn\u2019t anybody drunk. If I had thought Miller wasn\u2019t able to drive, I would not have ridden back with him. When he raced the Ford ear approaching the curve I told him to slow down. There wasn\u2019t anything whatever in the way of drinking that caused me or anybody in that car to know that Miller was not competent to drive. He didn\u2019t do anything to indicate that he was drunk. He was not drunk. Not a drop of liquor was consumed by the party except the two pints we took with us. It was about 7:30 when we took the last whiskey, and the accident was about four hours later. There was not a drunk man in the crowd. \u2019 \u2019\nThere ivas testimony by witnesses who gathered around the scene of accident that they did not smell liquor on any of the men. Charles Miller testified that he saw Lewis, Sparks and Miller (the only members of the party he knew) at the sandwich shop and dance hall on the Nineteenth street pike on the night of the accident, and that they were not intoxicated. There was other testimony of a similar nature.\nOn cross-examination appellant admitted that he had testified as a witness for the plaintiff in Sparks v. Chit-wood Motor Company, referred to supra. Having answered \u201cI don\u2019t think so\u2019\u2019 to questions propounded by counsel.for appellees, certain portions of his transcribed testimony in the Sparks case were read to him, and in substance his replies were: \u201cThe first place we stopped [after leaving Hot Springs enroute to Little. Eock] was Van\u2019s Cabin. We got some Coca-Cola, and took a drink of liquor. Between Van\u2019s Cabin and Benton we may, or may not, have taken a drink without stopping; I wouldn\u2019t say positively about that. . . . We probably did. If you have that there in the record I suppose I did. . . . When we got to Little Eock we had some liquor left in each of those two bottles and Miller stopped inside the garage and poured what was left in one of the bottles into the other, and that is what we carried to the hotel with us. \u2019 \u2019\nAsked if he did not testify in the Sparks case about drinking in the hotel, he replied: \u201cIf that is in there it is true. \u2019 \u2019\nIn the Sparks case testimony, in response to an inquiry as to how many drinks he and others took in the hotel, appellant replied: \u201cI suppose we had two or three. We killed what was left in the bottle.\u2019\u2019\n\u201cQ. What kind of drink did you take when you would take one? A. That depends on whether yon want a drink very bad.\n\u201cQ. You testified in federal court before Judge Martineau? A. I believe I did. I believe I told you that I took a pretty good size drink.\n\u201cQ. Didn\u2019t you say this: \u2018I usually take a pretty good drink when I take one.\u2019 A. That is what I said.\u201d\nAs to Miller\u2019s drinking there is this testimony by appellant:\n\u201cQ. Now, did Miller drink? A. He drank up until the time we left the hotel. He didn\u2019t drink any after that.\u201d (Italics supplied.)\nIt is appropriate to remark that at the time appellant and his companions made their unfortunate. trip from Hot Springs to Little Rock (1934), prohibition laws in Arkansas had not been repealed, and both appellant and Miller, according to appellant\u2019s. testimony, were guilty of illegally transporting liquor.\nIt is significant that appellant, in testifying in the Sparks case, did not mention that the car \u201cshimmied\u201d; nor did he say anything about having been one of three members of the party who \u201ccautioned\u201d Miller about driving too fast. Yet, if it be conceded that appellant \u201ccautioned\u201d Miller, this statement, taken in connection with his explanation of their approach to the curve, does not necessarily mean that appellant told Miller he was going too fast. Certainly he does not claim to have \u201ccautioned\u201d Miller while they were racing the Ford until they approached the curve, and it is undisputed that they were then \u201cdoing\u201d sixty miles an hour. According to appellant, \u201cjust before we got to the curve\u201d Gossett warned Miller, and \u201cjust as we reached the curve I saw he was going too fast . . . and told him to slotv down.\u201d (Italics supplied.) There is nothing in this testimony to indicate that after receiving the warning (if, in fact, it was given), Miller then had time to reduce his speed before entering the danger zone.\nIn affirming the action of the circuit court, it should be said that appellee, Chitwood Motor Company, did not direct Miller or any of his companions to transport liquor, or to engage in a drinking jamboree. Appellant, in one breath, undertakes t\u00f3 show that four hours had elapsed between the time they \u201ckilled the bottle\u201d and the time the accident occurred; and in the next breath he says that Miller drank until they left the hotel. They then spent approximately an hour at a grog shop near the city\u2019s western limits participating in the rollicking abandon ordinarily attending expeditions such as they had converted the trip into. If they had not stopped for beer and sandwiches, and to measure rhythmic tread on waxed floors, the probabilities are they would have been in Hot Springs by 11:15. Certainly the race with a particular Ford car would not have occurred, for the \u201ctiming\u201d would have been different by an hour.\nHaving been tempted into. Bacchanalian environments, and having embraced the lure of pleasure, appellant now seeks compensation from a source wholly blameless in so far as the motor company is concerned \u2014 a compensation to which he is not entitled. It is true that Miller was negligent; but, as the opinion in the Sparks case points out, \u201cThey were all having a gay time, and they were all guilty of negligence.\u201d\nAffirmed.\nMr. Justice Donham disqualified and not participating.", "type": "majority", "author": "Griffin Smith, C. J." } ], "attorneys": [ "W. A. Utley, Paul Talley and Donham & Bulk, for appellant.", "A. T. Davies, Ernest Briner, and Barker Henry, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Lewis v. Chitwood Motor Company.\n4-5047\nOpinion delivered April 25, 1938.\nW. A. Utley, Paul Talley and Donham & Bulk, for appellant.\nA. T. Davies, Ernest Briner, and Barker Henry, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0086-01", "first_page_order": 104, "last_page_order": 112 }