{ "id": 1456645, "name": "Hare v. Illinois Bankers Life Assurance Company", "name_abbreviation": "Hare v. Illinois Bankers Life Assurance Co.", "decision_date": "1939-10-30", "docket_number": "4-5606", "first_page": "27", "last_page": "31", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "199 Ark. 27" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "132 S.W.2d 824" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "115 S. W. 2d 855", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "195 Ark. 1088", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8726268 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/195/1088-01" ] }, { "cite": "110 S. W. 2d 1070", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "195 Ark. 144", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8718845 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/195/0144-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 485, "char_count": 8553, "ocr_confidence": 0.513, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.3962507605624755e-07, "percentile": 0.7984036907171036 }, "sha256": "6c898ca4632af057ba70aee219578e550103a42e5dc8b06d24db0bf018d96ba5", "simhash": "1:90e9218863957f7f", "word_count": 1399 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:09:45.659289+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Hare v. Illinois Bankers Life Assurance Company." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Griffin Smith, C. J.\nAppellant, alleging breach of contract, seeks to recover from appellee insurance company, with interest, all premiums paid during the life of the policy in question, amounting to $945.23.\nIn 1929 or 1930 Illinois Bankers Life Assurance Company reinsured the business of Illinois Bankers Life Association. Prior to that time the older organization had operated as an assessment company. Appellant became a member of the association. Appellee is a legal reserve insurance company with \u201clevel\u201d premiums sufficient to create and maintain a legal reserve.\nWhen reorganization or reinsurance was effectuated, appellant applied for a legal reserve policy. His proportion of assets of.the association was then $72.78. Of this amount $24.26 was applied as a premium on the new policy. The balance of $48.52 was transferred to an account designated \u201csurvivorship fund.\u201d Under the agreement by which this fund was created, to which appellant assented, assets were to be held in trust for distribution (conditionally) April 5, 1940, the recipients to be policyholders who had acquiesced in the plan, there being approximately 15,000 of such. The trial court\u2019s finding with respect to the survivorship fund certificate is shown in the margin.\nThe new policy issued to appellant provided for quarterly premium payments of $12.48 on the fifth of January, April, July, and October, with 31 days of. grace.\nThe January (1938) premium was due Wednesday, the fifth. Allowing for grace, it could have been paid as late as Saturday, February fifth. On February fifth appellant issued his check on the Bank of Delight and mailed it to appellee. It was received February 7. Due to the circumstance of its having been mailed within the grace period, appellee waived the default of two days during which time the check was in transit, and upon receiving the remittance issued and forwarded to appellant a provisional receipt, the terms of which were: \u201cAny check, bank draft, or money order given in exchange for this receipt will be considered payment of the premium for which this receipt is issued, provided such check, bank draft, or money order is actually paid to the company on presentation in due course of business.\u201d\nAppellant\u2019s check, having been deposited for collection, reached the Bank of Delight \u201con or about\u201d February 16. There being insufficient funds to the credit of Hare\u2019s account, payment was refused and the check was returned with the notation, \u201cNo funds.\u201d\nThe following day (February 17) appellant was informed by the bank\u2019s cashier of what had occurred. A letter was promptly sent to appellee in which appellant requested that he be supplied with blank forms for use in applying for' a loan. In the same letter a cashier\u2019s cheek was inclosed for -use in redeeming the dishonored personal check. Appellant\u2019s letter was received by the insurance company February 19.\nFebruary 26th the company acknowledged receipt of the cashier\u2019s check and accompanying letter. The unpaid personal check was returned. In its letter of explanation appellee called appellant\u2019s attention to the terms printed on the conditional receipt, stating that the policy had lapsed for non-payment of the January premium. However, the cashier\u2019s check was temporarily retained at the company\u2019s home office, the information having been volunteered that the amount ($12.48) was sufficient to pay a premium to April 5, 1938, provided appellant applied for and was granted reinstatement under the policy\u2019s provisions. The statement was made that the cashier\u2019s check would be held pending application if such should be made; otherwise it would be returned.\nIn appellant\u2019s brief it is stated: \u201cThe testimony does not disclose what action was taken with reference to the application for reinstatement, but the cashier\u2019s check was later returned to plaintiff.\u201d Tn view of this statement we must assume that appellant did not establish insurability.\nThe policy contains three non-forfeiture provisions. Option rests with the insured, in the event of failure to pay premiums, to select one of the three: but, \u201cIf the insured shall not surrender this policy for its cash value,as provided above in the first option, or for a policy of paid-up insurance, as provided in the second option, the amount of insurance will be automatically continued in force as extended term insurance as provided in the third option.\u201d\nAs of January 5, 1938, loan value of the policy was $397, against which there was an indebtedness of $367.14. The difference was $29.86. When the insured failed to exercise option one, or option two, it was the company\u2019s duty to recognize option number three \u2014 the non-forfeiture provision contracted for by the insured. This was done, in consequence of which appellant\u2019s policy was paid to May 9, 1939. In other words, the conceded loan value (net) of $29.86. was used as a single premium in paying the insurance for one year, four months, and four days.\nAppellant\u2019s principal complaint is that before the dishonored premium check reached the insurance company\u2019s home office on its return trip, the company had in its hands a cashier\u2019s check tendered in payment of the worthless check. It must be conceded that there is some equity in appellant\u2019s contention. It is equally true, however, that competent, mature people have a right to contract with respect to permissive subjects; and if in such contracts reasonable forfeitures are provided for in instances of default, the courts, while frowning generally upon forfeitures, are powerless to protect a person sui juris from the consequences of his own inadvertence or from the fruits of his misfortune in those instances where the opposing party has a right to enforce the contract.\nIn the instant case default occurred when appellant\u2019s check was presented to the Bank of Delight, and payment refused. This occurred eleven days after the grace period had expired; and yet, we are asked to hold that because appellant, on the twelfth day of delinquency, sent the equivalent of cash with which to redeem the default, appellee must be coerced into accepting the tender. Such is not the law. Nor did appellee, by its act in temporarily retaining the cashier\u2019s check, waive the default. Couch on Insurance, \u00a7 688, says: \u201cAcceptance and retention of premiums during negotiations for reinstatement, and while awaiting for a reasonable time the furnishing by insured of a health certificate do not waive a forfeiture based upon delinquency in payment.\u201d This rule was quoted with approval in Illinois Bankers Life Assurance Company v. Petray, 195 Ark. 144, 110 S. W. 2d 1070.\nAppellant relies upon National Life Insurance Company v. Brennecke, 195 Ark. 1088, 115 S. W. 2d 855. In that case, however, the appellant insurance company neglected to do what the court said it should have done: that is, inform the insured that the check was accepted conditionally. In the case at bar the insured was so informed.\nThe judgment must be affirmed. It is so ordered.\n. . A similar provision with reference to the so-called survivorship fund is contained in the survivorship fund certificate, and it appears that plaintiff agreed to such form of\u2019 distribution of this fund in his application for exchange of policies. While the testimony discloses that the amount of surplus allotted to his policy at the time of default in the payment of his quarterly premium was more than sufficient to pay the premium\u00bb such amount did not become due plaintiff until April 5, 1940. and then only that he then be living and all premiums having been duly paid. Since the dividends were deferred and none could be apportioned to the policy until the end of the distribution period, they were not available for payment of the current premium, and defendant did not breach its contract in failing to apply such dividends.\u201d\n\u201cThe company could have advised the insured that the check was accepted conditionally, that is, for collection only; but it did not do so. If it had advised the insured that the check was being accepted in payment only on the condition of its being honored when presented for payment, then, of course, the premium could not have been regarded as paid. On the contrary, as stated, it issued its regular receipt, advising the insured that the premium had been paid within the time prescribed by the policy.\u201d", "type": "majority", "author": "Griffin Smith, C. J." } ], "attorneys": [ "P. L. Smith, for appellant.", "L. W. Melburg, Byron Goodson and Bose, Lough-borough, Dobyns & House, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Hare v. Illinois Bankers Life Assurance Company.\n4-5606\n132 S. W. 2d 824\nOpinion delivered October 30, 1939.\nP. L. Smith, for appellant.\nL. W. Melburg, Byron Goodson and Bose, Lough-borough, Dobyns & House, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0027-01", "first_page_order": 45, "last_page_order": 49 }