{ "id": 1485103, "name": "Ward v. Walker", "name_abbreviation": "Ward v. Walker", "decision_date": "1944-02-28", "docket_number": "4-7279", "first_page": "988", "last_page": "993", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "206 Ark. 988" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "178 S.W.2d 62" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "50 S. W. 2d 577", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "185 Ark. 970", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1435257 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/185/0970-01" ] }, { "cite": "202 Ark. 1155", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1449945 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/202/1155-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 571, "char_count": 11088, "ocr_confidence": 0.474, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.3431940766895575e-07, "percentile": 0.6317126983078937 }, "sha256": "030621d582c00602d9bbdd65be6c08d3ef1953506ea2358efe36f56273f1b3ed", "simhash": "1:baa8e1634e05694a", "word_count": 1921 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:20:24.664732+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Ward v. Walker." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Holt, J. M. J.\nWalker, appellee, sued Claude Ward, Sr., appellant, to recover damages in the amount of $10,-000, for personal injuries alleged to have been sustained October 8,1942, at about 6 a. m. on the blacktop highway three miles north of Waldron, while riding in a wagon which was struck in the left rear by an automobile operated by O. C. Hise,'whom it is alleged was blinded by headlights on appellant\u2019s truck.\nOn motion of appellant, O. C. Hise was made a \u201cthird party defendant,\u201d as a tortfeasor, pursuant to the provisions of Act 315 of the Acts of 1941.\nAppellant\u2019s answer consisted of a general denial, pleaded contributory negligence of appellee, and that appellee\u2019s injuries, if any, resulted from the negligence of Hise. Hise answered with a general denial, and in a cross-complaint sought damages against appellant. Appellant answered the cross-complaint of Hise with a gen- ' eral denial. There was a jury verdict in favor of appellee, Walker, against appellant, Ward, in the amount of $900, and a separate verdict against O. C. Hise in favor of appellee, Walker, in the amount of $600. Ward alone has appealed.\nIn the action against appellant, Ward, the trial court submitted but one issue to the jury, and that was the alleged negligent failure of appellant\u2019s truck driver to dim the lights of his truck after being signaled to do .so by Hise, the driver of the automobile which collided with appellee\u2019s wagon. Appellant says: \u201cThe only issue relied upon by plaintiff, or submitted to the jury, was the alleged negligent failure of defendant\u2019s driver to dim the headlights, and the only questions involved in this case are the legal sufficiency of the evidence and the failure of the lower court to direct a verdict for defendant Ward.\u201d\nThe question presented, therefore, is one of fact, and under our long established rule, unless we can say,-as a matter of law, that there is no substantial evidence upon which to base the jury\u2019s verdict, it would be our duty to affirm the judgment. The rule is also equally well established that we must weigh the evidence in its most favorable light to appellee and in support of the jury\u2019s finding.\nThe evidence discloses that appellee, Walker, on October 8,1942, at about 6 a. m., while it was dark, drove his team of mules and wagon on to the east side of highway 71, about three miles north of Waldron. The highway is level, paved with blacktop, 18 feet wide, with black center line, and gravel shoulders about three feet wide. At the point where appellee entered the highway, it is straight for approximately a mile, north and south. After appellee had traveled about 120 yards with the two right wheels of his wagon on the east shoulder, an automobile operated by O. C. Hise, approached from the rear and collided with the left rear of his wagon, injuring appellee. There was a red reflector on the rear of appellee\u2019s wagon. Three passengers were riding in the car with Hise. All were en route to Camp Chaffee to work. Hise testified that he did not see appellee\u2019s wagon until within about 20 feet of it because of the blinding and glaring-headlights of appellant\u2019s truck, which truck at the time of the collision was at a point on the west side of the highway about opposite appellee\u2019s wagon; that there was not room for hixn (Hise) to pass between the wagon and the truck and that to avoid colliding with the truck, he put on his brakes and skidded on the dewey, slick pavement into the left rear of the wagon. He was traveling about 27 miles an hour at the time. The testimony of Hise\u2019s three passengers tended to' corroborate him. Hise further testified that prior to the collision he dimmed his headlights several times to direct the driver of the truck to dim his lights, but that the truck driver did not dim his lights.\nAppellant\u2019s truck driver, Ford, testified: \u201cQ. Mr. Ford, you stated that you did see the wagon and team before you stopped? A. Yes, sir. Q. How far back up the highway were you from the scene of the accident when you realized there was an object in the road? A. About the time I started to stop. I can\u2019t judge the distance. Q. Will you give me the approximate distance? A. Well, I can\u2019t do that, because I don\u2019t know how far back I was. I judge about 100 feet from where my truck stopped.\u201d His truck was on the west side of the pavement, with two wheels about two and one-half feet off the pavement. \u201cQ. At the time you saw this particular object in the road, did you dim your bright lights? A. I started pulling over on the west side of the shoulder and put on the bright lights. Q. And kept on the bright lights until the collision? A. Yes. . . . Q. I would like to ask again, how far back up the highway was it that you put on your bright lights? A. When I started stopping, approximately 100 feet, from the scene.\u201d\nWe are not prepared to say that the above evidence, along with all the other testimony reflected in the record, does not present a jury question as to whether the failure of appellant\u2019s truck driver to dim his lights constituted negligence under the circumstances.\nIt is common knowledge that motor vehicles may become highly dangerous instrumentalities when not properly, or when negligently, operated. To protect the public generally against the careless and negligent operation of these machines on o-ur highways and streets, legislation has been enacted regulating their lighting equipment and operation. In this connection \u00a7 6775 (Pope\u2019s Digest) of our own statute provides: \u201cExcept as hereinafter provided, the headlamps, or the auxiliary driving lamps, or combination thereof, on motor vehicles shall be so arranged that the driver may-select at will between distributions of light projected to different elevations, subject to the following requirements and limitations: (a) There shall be an uppermost distribution of light, or composite beam, so aimed and of such intensity as to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least 350 feet ahead for all conditions of loading. .\u2022 . (b) There shall be a lower-most distribution of light, or composite beam, so aimed that: ... 3. In no event shall any of the high intensity of such lowermost distribution of light or composite beam project higher than a level of 42 inches above the level on which the vehicle stands at a distance of 75 feet ahead . . .\u201d and \u00a7 6776 (Pope\u2019s Digest) provides: \u201c(a) Whenever a motor vehicle is being operated on a roaclwaj^ or shoulder adjacent thereto during the times specified in \u00a7 6761, the driver shall use a distribution of light, or composite beam, directed high enough and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a safe distance in advance of the vehicle, subject to the following requirements and limitations, (b) Whenever the driver of a vehicle approaches an oncoming- vehicle within 500 feet, such driver shall use a distribution of light of composite beam so aimed that the glaring rays are not projected .into the eyes of the oncoming driver, and in no case shall the high intensity portion which is projected to the left of the prolongation of the extreme left side of the vehicle be aimed higher than the center of the lamp from which it comes at a distance of 25 feet ahead, and in no case higher than a level of 42 inches above the level upon which the vehicle stands at a distance of 75 feet ahead.\u201d\nIt thus appears from the statute an \u201cuppermost distribution of light,\u201d or bright lights, and a \u201clowermost distribution of light,\u201d or dimmers, are required.\nThe failure of appellant\u2019s truck driver to dim his lights was not alone and of itself negligence, but as the jury was correctly told by the court, \u201csuch failure, if any, can he considered by you as evidence of negligence of the defendant, Claude Ward, Sr.\u201d\nUnder all the instructions, about which no complaint is made,'the jury found appellant guilty of negligence in failing to dim the lights of the truck in the circumstances here.\nWithout objection, the court also correctly instructed the jury \u201cthat if an accident occurs from two causes, both of which causes are due to the negligence of different \u2019 persons, but which two caues together are the proximate cause of the accident or injuries, then all of the persons whose acts proximately contribute to the accident are liable for any injuries resulting frorp such accident, and the negligence of one furnishes no excuse for the negligence of the other. \u2019 \u2019\nWe think the rule announced by this court in the recent case of England v. White, 202 Ark. 1155, 155 S. W. 2d 576, in which the facts are similar in effect, apply with equal force here. We there said: \u201cAppellant\u2019s driver began \u2018winking\u2019 his lights, and, when appellee\u2019s truck was only a short distance away, he turned on his bright lights, which prevented appellee\u2019s driver from seeing the existing condition until it was too late to stop his truck. When he realized the true situation, saw the conditions, he thought he would be unable to drive between the two trucks, so he applied his brakes and his car skidded into the truck of appellant and caused the damage complained of. There was a slow rain falling at the time, the pavement was wet, and there were signs along the road reading \u2018 Slippery when wet. \u2019 \u2019 Under these facts we are unwilling to say that appellee\u2019s driver was guilty of negligence as a matter of law. On the contrary, we think the court properly submitted the questions of negligence and contributory negligence to the jury. \u2019 \u2019 It was held in that case: (Headnotes 5, 6, 7) \u201cWhere appellant\u2019s driver stopped his car partially on the pavement opposite a wrecked car, not leaving sufficient space between for appellee\u2019s truck to pass and on the approach of appellee \u2019s car turned on his bright lights; th\u00e9 court was justified in submitting the question whether, appellee\u2019s driver was confronted with an emergency. Where appellant\u2019s driver stopped his car partially on the pavement opposite another that had been wrecked, leaving insufficient space in between for another vehicle to pass and turned on his bright lights, all of which is prohibited by the laws of Missouri, the dangers of the situation were the. creation of appellant\u2019s driver. The jury had a right to conclude that, had appellant\u2019s truck been on the shoulder instead of on the pavement, as the law of Missouri requires, 'and had kept his lights dimmed on the approach of appellee, there would have been no occasion for appellee\u2019s driver to apply his brakes, thus causing his truck to skid. \u2019 \u2019\nWe think the failure of appellant\u2019s truck driver to dim the lights of his truck, in the circumstances here, was an act which the jury was warranted in finding proximately contributed to the collision and appellee\u2019s injuries and that liability resulted. See Coca-Cola Bottling Co. v. McAnulty, 185 Ark. 970, 50 S. W. 2d 577.\nWe conclude, therefore, as has been indicated, that a case was made for the jury, and finding no error, the \u2022judgment is affirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Holt, J. M. J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Warner S Warner, for appellant.", "Bates, Poe \u00e9 Bates, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Ward v. Walker.\n4-7279\n178 S. W. 2d .62\nOpinion delivered February 28, 1944.\nWarner S Warner, for appellant.\nBates, Poe \u00e9 Bates, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0988-01", "first_page_order": 1008, "last_page_order": 1013 }