{ "id": 1481757, "name": "Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, Thompson, Trustee, v. Keeton, Administratrix", "name_abbreviation": "Missouri Pacific Railroad v. Keeton", "decision_date": "1944-10-23", "docket_number": "4-7432", "first_page": "793", "last_page": "799", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "207 Ark. 793" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "183 S.W.2d 505" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "196 S. W. 471", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "129 Ark. 369", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1580453 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/129/0369-01" ] }, { "cite": "199 Ark. 133", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1456490 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/199/0133-01" ] }, { "cite": "117 S. W. 2d 31", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "196 Ark. 237", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1462382 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/196/0237-01" ] }, { "cite": "203 Ark. 166", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1446985 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/203/0166-01" ] }, { "cite": "197 Ark. 527", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8721638 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/197/0527-01" ] }, { "cite": "284 U. S. 458", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 5719107 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/284/0458-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 S. W. 387", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "83 Ark. 22", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1527171 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/83/0022-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 S. W. 1075", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "71 Ark. 590", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1507852 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/71/0590-01" ] }, { "cite": "30 S. W. 2d 825", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "185 Ark. 953", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1435071 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/185/0953-01" ] }, { "cite": "100 S. W. 2d 258", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "193 Ark. 397", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1411184 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/193/0397-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 S. W. 2d 874", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "193 Ark. 130", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1411151 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/193/0130-01" ] }, { "cite": "321 U. S. 29", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 301855 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/321/0029-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 628, "char_count": 11333, "ocr_confidence": 0.519, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.7356270956498022e-07, "percentile": 0.7062348036507148 }, "sha256": "6481f000063dc1493ec95a2cc115be365ff38f783abcb49e6bfaefb723b4f6b3", "simhash": "1:e962aac0226c9a08", "word_count": 2059 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:46:39.394631+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Robins, J., dissents." ], "parties": [ "Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, Thompson, Trustee, v. Keeton, Administratrix." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "McHaney, J.\nAppellee, as \u25a0 administratrix of the estate of her deceased husband, W. S. Keeton, brought this action under the Federal Employers\u2019 Liability Act against appellant to recover damages for herself for loss of contributions and for said estate on account of alleged conscious pain and suffering, on account of the alleged negligent injury to and death of her said husband. The complaint alleged that said intestate was employed by appellant as a conductor on a train from Braggs, Oklahoma, to Camp Gruber, and that while so employed and in the discharge of his duties, he was, through the negligence of appellant and its engineer, knocked and caused to fall from said train and was thereby seriously and fatally injured; that intestate was riding upon one of the cars of said train while it was being moved which the engineer knew or should have known; and that said engineer \u201c carelessly and negligently and without signal or warning suddenly and violently stopped said engine and cars with a hard, sudden, violent and unusual jerk and jar, thereby throwing deceased with great force and violence from the said train,\u201d resulting in serious injury from which he died about 3 or 4 days later. The answer was a general denial and a plea that intestate\u2019s injury and death were occasioned by his own negligence.\nTrial resulted in a verdict and judgment for appellee for $20,000 for loss of contributions and $10,000 for conscious pain and suffering, a total of $30,000, from which is this appeal.\nThe facts are that, on May 29-30, 1942, the train crew of which intestate was a conductor was engaged in switching cars from Braggs, Oklahoma, to Camp Gruber, a distance of about iy2 miles by rail; that Roy Brown was the engineer, Fry was fireman, and Vaughn and Plunkett were the brakemen; that they would take loaded cars out to Camp Gruber and bring back to Braggs empties; that at the time of the accident, they were pushing six cars of sand and gravel ahead of the engine, intestate riding on the fifth car ahead of the engine, sitting astride the right or south side of an ordinary coal car and on the forward end, which car was loaded with gravel, with one foot on the gravel and the other on a grab iron on the outside, and with a switch list in one hand and a lighted lantern in the other; that on the way down they had to pick up an empty car which necessitated the making of a coupling to the forward loaded car; and that in making the coupling intestate fell from the car on which he was riding, resulting in his injury and- subsequent death on June 2, 1942. Each and every member of the train crew except Keeton, testified that the train was brought to a complete stop about 100 feet from the empty car and that thereafter the engine pushed the loaded cars up to the empty to make the coupling at a rate of one or two miles per hour at the signal of brakeman Vaughn and that the coupling was very light and easy, and not out of the ordinary in any way. The engineer and fireman testified that it was so easy that they felt no jolt or jar in the cab. Witness Vaughn testified that he gave the signal to the engineer to proceed to the empty after walking to it and gave the easy signal when the front car was about fifty feet away and that by the easy signal the engineer knew you wanted him to slow down; that he gave the stop signal when the train was about three or four feet from the empty and the engineer stopped as soon as possible; and that he went about two feet after the coupling. He said this stop was a very ordinary one, with a slight jar. When asked on cross-examination if this coupling was about as hard as he ever saw the engineer make, he answered: \u201cNo, sir, it was a very ordinary one. \u2019 \u2019 A little later, in answer to a question whether that stop was the hardest he ever saw him make there, he answered: \u201cYes, sir.\u201d\nAppellee testified, over appellant\u2019s objections and exceptions to a statement made to her by her husband, as a dying declaration. She said: \u201cHe realized that he was very sick and told me he wasn\u2019t going to get well. He told me how it happened; he said he was sitting on the corner and there was a sudden stop and he was jerked off. He was sitting on the corner of the car with a switch list in one hand and a light in the other; there was a sudden stop. After he was jerked off, he knew nothing more; just said there was a sudden hard stop and he was jerked off.\u201d\nThis is the substance of all of the testimony the jury had before it on which to make a finding of negligence, and we think it wholly insufficient to show any negligence whatever in making the coupling complained of. All the members of the crew testify that it was just the ordinary coupling and without any unusual jerk or jar\u2014 so slight as to be imperceptible to the engineer and fireman. Nor do we think the dying declaration sufficient to make out a case of negligence for the jury, conceding without so holding that it was competent and does not offend against the statute, \u00a7 5154 of Pope\u2019s Digest.\nIn Krumm v. St. L., I. M. & S. Ry. Co., 71 Ark. 590, 76 S. W. 1075, it was said that it was \u201cnot practical to operate freight trains without occasional jars and jerks calculated to throw down and injure careless and inexperienced persons standing in the car.\u201d This language was quoted in Palsey v. St. L., I. M. & S. Ry. Co., 83 Ark. 22, 102 S. W. 387, 13 Ann. Cas. 121, where it was held that a railroad company \u2018 \u2018 cannot as a rule be said to be negligent because there are occasional jars and jerks in the operation of such trains (freight), though jars of great, unusual and unnecessary violence would.be evidence of negligence on the part of the employees operating the train.\u201d There is nothing in any of the evidence to show that the jar resulting from the coupling was out of the ordinary or that it was made with \u201cgreat, unusual and unnecessary, violence.\u201d The most that the intestate said in his dying declaration was that \u201cthere was a sudden stop and he was jerked off \u2014 that there was a sudden stop and he was jerked off.\u201d That language alone was not sufficient to make a question of fact for the jury as to the negligence of engineer Brown in making the contact for the coupling, especially when intestate\u2019s precarious position on the car, with a switch list in one hand and a lantern in the other, is considered. Of course, his contributory negligence, if any, would not prevent a recovery, but the negligence of appellant must be established before there can be any recovery.\nAs said by the TJ. S. Supreme Court in Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. Saxon, 284 U. S. 458, 52 S. Ct. 229, 76 L. Ed. 397: \u201cAs often pointed out, one who claims under the Federal Act must in some adequate way establish negligence and causal connection between this and the injury. \u2019 \u2019 After quoting that language this court, in St. L.-S. F. Ry. Co. v. Childers, 197 Ark. 527, 124 S. W. 2d 964, said: \u201cIn other words, before there can be a recovery, to compensate injury to the employee, there must be negligence on the part of the employer with causal connection between that negligence and the employee\u2019s injury.\u201d\nIn the recent case of Mo. Pac. R. R. v. Guy, 203 Ark. 166, 157 S. W. 2d 11, it was held that the necessary and ordinary matter of shifting gears on a weed burning machine would not of itself be negligence. It quoted from Mo. Pac. R. R. Co. v. Baum, 196 Ark. 237, 117 S. W. 2d 31, and St. L.-S. F. Ry. Co. v. Porter, 199 Ark. 133, 134 S. W. 2d 546, and we think the principles announced in those cases rule the instant case adversely to appellee. The Baum and Porter cases related to liability to them as passengers on passenger trains, involving a jerk or lurch of the trains. In the Porter case we quoted from Harris v. Bush, Receiver, 129 Ark. 369, 196 S. W. 471, the following : \u2018 \u2018 There is much evidence tending to show that there was no unusual jerking or lurching of the train either at Argenta or while slowing down to a stop at the Little Rock station. Unless it was a negligent jerking or lurching of the train, it is apparent that appellant had no cause of action against the appellee. In other words, if the injury was purely accidental and not the result of the negligent operation of the train, appellee would not be responsible.\u201d And in the Guy case, supra, we said: \u201cIf the doctrine with reference to lurching and jerking of trains is applicable to a passenger, as announced by this court in the above decisions, it would certainly apply more forcibly to an employee, such_as the appellee, whose duty it was to work upon and be familiar with the usual and necessary operations of the weed-burning machine. \u2019 \u2019\nIn the Baum case, supra, we said: \u201cIn order to make a railroad company liable to a passenger injured by a jolt or jerk of the train, the rule, as stated in 10 C. J., \u00a7 1387, p. 973, is as follows: \u2018The jerk or jolt must bo unnecessarily sudden or violent; such jerks and jars as are necessarily incident to the use of the conveyance, and are not the result of negligence, will not render the carrier liable for resulting injuries.\u2019 \u201d\nThere is no evidence in this record that the stop was unnecessarily sudden or violent, only that it was sudden and hard, but not unnecessarily so.\nAppellee argues the use of the independent brake which affected only the engine, by the engineer, instead of the brake that worked on each car by application of the air, could or should be considered by the jury in determining the question of negligence, but no person testified that the use of the independent brake was improper, or that the air brakes on all the cars should have been used.\nSince, as we have shown, there was no substantial evidence of negligence of appellant, the judgment will be reversed and the cause dismissed.\nRobins, J., dissents.", "type": "majority", "author": "McHaney, J." }, { "text": "Robins, J.\n(dissenting) /1 think the rehearing should be granted. The testimony of appellee was to the effect that Keeton made to her a declaration (competent under \u00a7 5201 of Pope\u2019s Digest of the laws of Arkansas to establish cause of his death) that there was a \u201csudden, hard stop\u201d and that he (Keeton) was \u201cjerked off.\u201d It was the function of the jury to say whether this version of the occurrence was true, and, if true, whether it established negligence on the part of appellant\u2019s employe*e who was operating the locomotive at the time of Keeton\u2019s injury. Tennant v. Peoria & P. U. Ry. Co., 321 U. S. 29, 64 S. Ct. 409.\nWe have frequently held that, in testing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a verdict, we must give the testimony in favor of the appellee the strongest probative force that it will reasonably bear. D. F. Jones Construction Company, Inc., v. Lewis, 193 Ark. 130, 98 S. W. 2d 874; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Company v. Manus, 193 Ark. 397, 100 S. W. 2d 258; American Surety Company v. Kinnear Manufacturing Company, 185 Ark. 953, 30 S. W. 2d 825. Considered in the light of this rule, the evidence in this case was sufficient, in my opinion, to authorize the jury to find that Keeton\u2019s death was caused by the negligence of appellant\u2019s servant. ,", "type": "dissent", "author": "Robins, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Thos. 'B. Pryor, Thos. Harper and Harrell Harper, for appellant. 1 ;", "Partain, Agee & Partain, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, Thompson, Trustee, v. Keeton, Administratrix.\n4-7432\n183 S. W. 2d 505\nOpinion delivered October 23, 1944.\nThos. 'B. Pryor, Thos. Harper and Harrell Harper, for appellant. 1 ;\nPartain, Agee & Partain, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0793-01", "first_page_order": 831, "last_page_order": 837 }