{ "id": 1467113, "name": "Morgan v. State", "name_abbreviation": "Morgan v. State", "decision_date": "1948-05-17", "docket_number": "4501", "first_page": "493", "last_page": "496", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "213 Ark. 493" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "211 S.W.2d 108" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "205 Ark. 864", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1488250 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/205/0864-01" ] }, { "cite": "191 S. W. 899", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "127 Ark. 204", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1550276 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/127/0204-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 408, "char_count": 6304, "ocr_confidence": 0.517, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.676830387708631e-08, "percentile": 0.35454422246239065 }, "sha256": "9fe241fca115e3c5f3a64f842e801666b925f7ef9dd7dff699eca2ddf0959790", "simhash": "1:a66842aa5234d5d0", "word_count": 1088 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T14:58:24.264428+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Morgan v. State." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Minor W. Millwee, Justice.\nAppellant was indicted by the grand jury of Little River county for feloniously embezzling certain beans, the property of I. S. Cates. A petit jury found him guilty of grand larceny and fixed his punishment at one year.in the state penitentiary.\nI. S. Cates was harvesting a crop of soy beans on his farm near Foreman, Arkansas, in October, 1947, when he employed appellant as a truck driver in hauling the beans from the farm- to the oil mill at Ashdown, Arkansas. 'As each load of beans was delivered to the oil mill, appellant was furnished a delivery ticket, which he returned to his employer, showing the weight of each load. Over appellant\u2019s objection that the weight tickets would be the best evidence of what they showed, Cates was permitted to testify that said tickets disclosed a discrepancy in weights involving a shortage of from 500 to 800 pounds on each load, after the first few loads hauled by appellant.\nThe witness further testified, over appellant\u2019s objection, that he took eight of the tickets showing the largest loads and eight showing the smallest loads and made a calculation based on the two groups of tickets, which disclosed a variation, or total shortage, of approximately 8,000 pounds of beans hauled by appellant. It was also shown by the witness that the weight tickets were at his home and could be produced within an hour. Appellant objected to all the testimony Concerning what the weight tickets showed, and the calculations made by the witness from them, because it was based on records in possession of the witness which were the best evidence and should have been produced. The trial court overruled the objections to which exceptions were duly saved. Assignments 4, 5, and. 6 in appellant\u2019s motion for new trial challenge the correctness of the trial court\u2019s ruling in the admission of this testimony.\nIn 20 Am. Jur., Evidence, \u00a7 403, it is said: \u201cIt is an elementary principle of the law of evidence that the best evidence of which the case in its nature is susceptible and which is within the power of the party to produce, or is capable of being produced, must always be adduced in proof of every disputed fact. Secondary evidence is never admissible unless it is made manifest that the primary evidence is unavailable, as where it is shown that it has been lost or destroyed, is beyond the jurisdiction of the court, or is in the hands of the opposite party who, on due notice, fails to produce it.\u201d It is further stated at \u00a7 407 that this principle is not restricted to public documents and writings, but applies with equal force to a private writing; and where the contents of such writing are in issue, the instrument itself is the best evidence thereof, and must be produced or its absence legally accounted for and excused.\n.At \u00a7 433 of the same work it is said: \u201cSecondary evidence of the contents of writings is admitted upon the theory that the original cannot be produced by the party by whom the evidence is offered within a reasonable time by the exercise of reasonable diligence. Until, however, the nonproduction of the primary evidence has been sufficiently accounted for, secondary evidence is not ordinarily admissible. This rule applies to criminal, as well as civil, suits.\u201d See, also, 32 C. J. S., Evidence, \u00a7 828; Finn v. State, 127 Ark. 204, 191 S. W. 899.\nWe conclude that the court erred in admitting oral evidence of the contents of the weight tickets and the calculations of the witness, Cates, based thereon. This evidence was relevant to the issue of appellant\u2019s guilt. The tickets were in possession of the witness and could have been produced within a reasonable time. Under these circumstances, admission of secondary evidence of the contents of the tickets constituted prejudicial error calling for reversal of the judgment.\nAppellant also filed a motion in arrest of judgment in which he challenged the sufficiency of the verdict on the ground that he was found guilty of grand larceny when he was indicted and tried for embezzlement. Appellant was indicted and tried under \u00a7 3151 of Pope\u2019s Digest, which provides that any agent, or employee, who shall embezzle property of his employer \u201cshall be deemed guilty of larceny, and on conviction shall be punished as in case of larceny.\u201d Section 3153 of Pope\u2019s Digest, as amended by Act 323 of 1947, \u2022 dealing with embezzlement by a bailee contains a similar provision. The trial court followed the language of the statute in his instructions to the jury and appellant made no objection to these instructions. The verdict of the jury finding appellant guilty of grand larceny was in accordance with the terms of the statute. It is not contended that the statute is invalid or unconstitutional and the court did not err in overruling the motion in arrest of judgment on this ground.\nThis brings us to the second ground urged by appellant in his motion in arrest of judgment, i. e.,, that the facts stated in the indictment do not constitute a public offense amounting to a felony since the indictment does not allege the value of the property embezzled. While the value of the property alleged to have been embezzled is not set out in the indictment, it is alleged that appellant feloniously embezzled and converted the beans to his own use. Under our statute (\u00a7 2922, Pope\u2019s Digest) a felony is defined as an offense punishable by death or imprisonment in the penitentiary. Since the cause must be retried on account of the error in the admission of testimony, and in view of the provisions of \u00a7\u00a7 3851-3853 of Pope\u2019s Digest, as construed by this court in Underwood v. State, 205 Ark. 864, 171 S. W. 2d 304, we find it unnecessary tb decide whether the indictment is defective in failing to allege the value of the property alleged to have been embezzled. On remand of the cause for a new trial, the state may determine to either file a new charge or amend the present indictment.\n' For the error in admitting oral testimony of the contents of the weight receipts, the judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial.", "type": "majority", "author": "Minor W. Millwee, Justice." } ], "attorneys": [ "Cecil E. Johnson, Jr., and Abe Collins, for appellant.", "Guy E. Williams, Attorney General and Oscar E. Ellis, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Morgan v. State.\n4501\n211 S. W. 2d 108\nOpinion delivered May 17, 1948.\nCecil E. Johnson, Jr., and Abe Collins, for appellant.\nGuy E. Williams, Attorney General and Oscar E. Ellis, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0493-01", "first_page_order": 509, "last_page_order": 512 }