{
  "id": 8725384,
  "name": "Adams v. DeWitt Special School District No. 1",
  "name_abbreviation": "Adams v. DeWitt Special School District No. 1",
  "decision_date": "1949-03-07",
  "docket_number": "4-8879",
  "first_page": "771",
  "last_page": "775",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "214 Ark. 771"
    },
    {
      "type": "parallel",
      "cite": "218 S.W.2d 359"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ark.",
    "id": 8808,
    "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 34,
    "name_long": "Arkansas",
    "name": "Ark."
  },
  "cites_to": [],
  "analysis": {
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:29:26.096089+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Mr. Justice G-eoege Rose Smith did not participate in the consideration or determination of this case. Mr. Justice MoFaddiN dissents from that part of the decision holding that bonds may not be voted at a special election."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "Adams v. DeWitt Special School District No. 1."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "GbipeiN Smith, Chief Justice.-\nAt a special election held November 20, 1948, DeWitt Special School District No. 1 of Arkansas and Jefferson Counties voted a continuing three-mill tax to retire a $50,000 bond issue for building purposes. In March of the same year bonds had been sold pursuant to a building expansion program, but the amount proved insufficient; hence this supplemental proposal.\nNo irregularities in proceedings are alleged. Appellant concedes that if Act No. 28 of 1933 is still in effect his suit must fail. It is insisted, however, that Amendment No. 40 to the Constitution, adopted November 2, 1948, supersedes Act 28, and that the Amendment does not permit a special election or a continuing tax levy for building purposes. Tbe Amendment is copied in tbe margin.\nAfter directing tbe General Assembly to provide for support of tbe common schools, tbe Amendment authorizes Districts to levy an annual tax (a) for tbe maintenance of schools, (b) for tbe erection and equipment of buildings, and (c) for tbe retirement of existing indebtedness. To effectuate these purposes, tbe Board of Directors, acting not less than sixty days in advance of tbe annual school election, shall make public a budget it has prepared and approved. With this budget tbe Board recommends an adequate tax levy. In addition, tbe suggested levy must \u201cinclude tbe rate under .any continuing levy for tbe retirement of indebtedness.\u201d Tbe proposed rate becomes fixed if a majority of tbe qualified electors participating _ in tbe election favor tbe budget. If disapproved, tbe rate adopted at tbe preceding annual election continues.\nThere is no mention of a special election; nor is there direct or inferential recognition of Act 28. Tbe Amendment is comprehensive in that it removes all prior financial restrictions upon tbe electorate. Buildings, equipment, existing indebtedness, maintenance, all may be cared for in tbe Board\u2019s recommendations, and finality needs only tbe approval of a majority of those voting. The entire plan revolves aronnd the annual election, mentioned four times. It is highly improbable that those who wrote the Amendment intended that it would be complementary to\u2019 Act 28, and then failed to express that purpose. We conclude that the omission of such a reference was not inadvertent.\nIt does not follow, however, that a continuing levy cannot be made. As has been mentioned, the Amendment directs that \u201cthe rate under any continuing levy for the retirement of indebtedness\u201d shall be included in the budget. We know, historically and from our own cases, that permanent school facilities have been provided through bonds secured by continuing levies; and the indebtedness mentioned in the Amendment is largely of this character.\nIt follows that while special elections are not authorized, continuing levies for buildings and equipment are within purview of the Amendment. Reversed.\nMr. Justice G-eoege Rose Smith did not participate in the consideration or determination of this case. Mr. Justice MoFaddiN dissents from that part of the decision holding that bonds may not be voted at a special election.\nAct 28 of the Extraordinary Session of 1933, approved Sept. 2, amends \u00a7 65 of Act 169 of 1931. Pope\u2019s Digest, \u00a7 11498.\nAmendment No. 40. \u201cTbe General Assembly shall provide for the support of common schools by general laws, including' an annual per capita tax of one dollar, to be assessed on every male inhabitant of this state over the age of twenty-one years; and school districts are hereby authorized to levy by a vote of the qualified electors respectively thereof an annual tax for the maintenance of schools, the erection and equipment of school buildings and the retirement of existing indebtedness, the amount of such tax to be determined in the following manner: The Board of Directors of each school district shall prepare, approve and make public not less than sixty days in advance of the annual school election a proposed budget of expenditures deemed necessary to provide for the foregoing purposes, together with a rate of tax levy sufficient to provide the funds therefor, including the rate under any continuing levy for the retirement of indebtedness. If a majority of the qualified voters in said school district voting in the annual school election shall approve the rate of tax so proposed by the Board of Directors, then the tax at the rate so approved shall be collected as provided by law. In the event a majority of said qualified electors voting in said annual school election shall disapprove the proposed rate of tax, then the tax shall be collected at the rate approved in the last preceding annual school election. Provided, that no such tax shall be appropriated for any other purpose nor to any other district than that for which it is levied.\u201d",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "GbipeiN Smith, Chief Justice.-"
      },
      {
        "text": "Ed. F. McFaddin, Justice\n(dissenting). The only portion of the decree of the Chancery Court being reversed by the majority opinion is that portion which allows bonds to be voted at a special election. I submit that the decree should be affirmed in its entirety, because I believe the special election feature of Act No. 28 of 1933 was not varied by Constitutional Amendment No. 40. Here are my reasons for such conclusion.\nAmendment No. 40 allows school districts at each annual election to vote a tax \u201cfor the retirement of existing indebtedness.\u201d The amendment also says that the school board shall submit a proposed budget which must include \u201cthe rate under any continuing levy for the retirement of indebtedness.\u201d So the amendment No. 40 recognizes that \"there may be a continuing levy for the retirement of indebtedness. The said amendment No. 40 omits any procedure for voting such continuing levy even though, it recognizes it. Such omission was evidently because Act No. 28 of 1933 provided the necessary procedure for voting a continuing levy. Unless we allow Act No. 28 of 1933 to stand, then Amendment 40 has language in it \u2014 that is regarding \u201c continuing levy\u201d \u2014 that is meaningless. So, I submit that Amendment No. 40 was worded in the light of the continuing existence of the said Act No. 28. Said Act No. 28 allows the voting of the continuing levy at a special election, and that right should be recognized and allowed in the present case. The majority is giving a restricted effect to Act No. 28 by striking down the provision for a special election. Therein I think is error.\nLet us take this case to illustrate the hardship that will be worked by the majority opinion: Suppose in any school district in Arkansas the school building should be destroyed by fire or tornado the day after the annual school election. Under the majority opinion, the District would have to wait until the next annual school election before bonds could be voted to build a new building. I cannot believe that the people of Arkansas intended to restrict the powers of the school districts in such an extremity. The Amendment No. 40 shows on its face that it was its purpose to enlarge the powers of the school districts rather than to restrict such powers.\nI emphasize that there is nothing in Amendment No. 40 which prohibits the voting of the continuing levy at a special election. In the absence of such prohibition, I submit that the Amendment No. 40 should not be strictly construed \u2014 as the majority is doing \u2014 so as to restrict a power previously possessed by school districts \u2014i. e., special elections \u2014 when the entire Amendment No. 40 shows that its purpose was to enlarge the power of school districts.\nTherefore I most respectfully dissent.",
        "type": "dissent",
        "author": "Ed. F. McFaddin, Justice"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "J. M. Henderson, Jr., for appellant.",
      "George E. Pike, Townsend & Townsend and Hose, Dobyns, Meek & House, for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Adams v. DeWitt Special School District No. 1.\n4-8879\n218 S. W. 2d 359\nOpinion delivered March 7, 1949.\nRehearing denied April 4, 1949.\nJ. M. Henderson, Jr., for appellant.\nGeorge E. Pike, Townsend & Townsend and Hose, Dobyns, Meek & House, for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0771-01",
  "first_page_order": 809,
  "last_page_order": 813
}