{ "id": 1660066, "name": "Davis v. Self", "name_abbreviation": "Davis v. Self", "decision_date": "1952-02-25", "docket_number": "4-9692", "first_page": "129", "last_page": "133", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "220 Ark. 129" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "246 S.W.2d 426" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "214 Ark. 83", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8718364 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/214/0083-01" ] }, { "cite": "208 Ark. 114", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1478618 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/208/0114-01" ] }, { "cite": "143 S. W. 2d 538", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 8717802, 1453391 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/201/0006-01", "/ark/200/1165-01" ] }, { "cite": "201 Ark. 6", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8717802 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/201/0006-01" ] }, { "cite": "219 Ark. 297", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1609072 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/219/0297-01" ] }, { "cite": "217 Ark. 700", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8723794 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/217/0700-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 455, "char_count": 7874, "ocr_confidence": 0.491, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.655949053814076e-07, "percentile": 0.8244675654835475 }, "sha256": "998ea2c33ad6b1c75e46eecd778fc35053a21d01ff980b66c986a3774b003c15", "simhash": "1:68ec2562604b15a2", "word_count": 1350 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:18:21.188385+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Mr. Justice McPaddix dissents." ], "parties": [ "Davis v. Self." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Ward, J.\nThis case involves damages resulting from a collision of appellee\u2019s truck with a taxicab belonging to appellant Davis. Self was driving his truck east on Cleveland Street [in Forrest City] and had entered the intersection with Grant Street [before tbe taxicab entered tbe intersection]. Tbe taxicab, driven by appellant Sbidler, was proceeding north on Grant Street [which was a through traffic street] when it struck appellee\u2019s truck as it was crossing or was across the center line.\nThis suit was consolidated with a suit brought by Mrs. Self who was in the truck with appellee and was injured. The defendants, appellants, answered denying any negligence and in turn asked for damages against appellee. The jury verdict was in favor of Self, appellee.\nAppellants urge several grounds for a reversal or modification but we find it necessary to consider only one ground, and that is the alleged error of the trial judge in giving appellee\u2019s instruction No. 1 which is as follows:\n\u201cYou are instructed that if you find that the truck driven by the plaintiff, James 0. Self, was in the intersection of Grant and Cleveland Streets of the City of Forrest City, Arkansas, and that the said 0. Self was then and there exercising due care and caution, even though said James 0. Self had failed to stop his truck as required before entering said intersection, it was the duty of the defendant, Eunice Davis, operating her cab by and through her agent, Tommy Shidler, though said cab was operating on a through street but not yet in the intersection of Grant and Cleveland Streets, to yield the right-of-way to the plaintiff. And if you find that these were the facts and the defendants did not yield the right-of-way then your verdict should be for the plaintiffs, James 0. Self and Mrs. James 0. Self.\u201d\nWe agree that it was error for the court to give the above instruction. It was a binding instruction, and it also excluded from the jury any opportunity to consider, first, whether defendants were guilty of negligence in failing to yield the right of way, and second, whether such negligence, if any, was the proximate cause of the collision.\nTo uphold the above instruction, appellee relies strongly on the case of Brown v. Parker, 217 Ark. 700, 233 S. W. 2d 64, where this court approved, they say, a similar instruction, it being instruction No. 12. It must be conceded that said instruction No. 12 embodies practically the same language [admittedly applied to similar circumstances] as is used in instruction No. 1 copied above. However there is this vital difference in the two instructions: The last part of instruction No. 12 reads: \u201cIf you find that she [in this case appellant] failed to yield the right-of-way to Parker [in this case appellee] when she was under a duty to do so, and that such failure on her part was negligence, and that such negligence was the sole and proximate cause of the accident, then in that event you cannot return a verdict against Parker in this case.\u201d The language last quoted was not contained in instruction No. 1, nor was any similar language used. Specific objections were made by appellant to instruction No. 1, pointing out the defects mentioned above.\nNotwithstanding the above, however, appellee contends most forcefully that (a) any defect in the instruction was cured by other instructions of the court and that (b) said instruction must be approved under the authority of Hearn v. East Texas Motor Freight Lines, 219 Ark. 297, 241 S. W. 2d 259. These contentions present difficulties and call for a review of some of our former decisions and a careful analysis of the Hearn case.\n(a) Was instruction No. 1 cured by other instructions given by the court? It is true that other instructions followed immediately which adequately defined negligence generally, which required the jury to find negligence on the part of the defendants, and which required such negligence to be the proximate cause of the injury. Literally these latter instructions covered all the points which were left out of instruction No. 1 as objected to by appellants. The head note in Missouri Pacific Transportation Company v. Howard, 201 Ark. 6, 143 S. W. 2d 538, reads as follows:\ninstruction which ignores a material issue in the case about which the evidence is conflicting and allows the jury to find a verdict without considering that issue is misleading and prejudicial even though another instruction which carefully presents that issue is found in other parts of the charge.\u201d\nThe headnote in Holmes v. Lee, 208 Ark. 114, 184 S. W. 2d 957, reads as follows:\nof Essential Element of an instruction directs the jury to find for plaintiffs if stated conditions concur, but fails to say that contributory negligence is a defens\u00e9, (as to which there was appropriate proof) it is inherently wrong and cannot he cured by correct instructions separately given. \u2019 \u2019\nIn Clark v. Duncan, 214 Ark. 83, 214 S. W. 2d 493, where an erroneous and binding instruction was being considered the court said, at page 86:\n\u201cBeing a binding instruction and being erroneous, it was therefore inherently erroneous, because it directed the jury to make a finding based on less than the required evidence on the issue of rescission. When an instruction is inherently erroneous and binding, it cannot he cured by a concurrent correct instruction; hence a general objection is sufficient.\u201d\n(b) While it is clear from the above that our court has often held that an instruction which is defective [similar to the defect in instruction No. 1] and particularly where it is joined with a binding instruction, it cannot be cured by other instructions, yet, it is insisted, the Hearn case, supra, holds to the contrary, and that, since it is the most recent decision of this court, it should control here.\nIt is not easy to distinguish the Hearn case from the case at bar but, in our opinion, there is a vital difference. A careful reading of the portion of the instruction set out in the Hearn opinion shows that the question of negligence [on the part of appellant] was not entirely overlooked, that it was left to the jury, and that it was specifically tied in with other \u201cfacts and circumstances of the case.\u201d At least the instruction included a peg to which other facts and circumstances and also other instructions might be tied. This much cannot he said for instruction No. 1 in the case at bar. Not only was instruction No. 1 binding but it presented no element of appellants\u2019 defense, and, for these reasons, we think it was not only erroneous and prejudicial but could not be cured by the instructions which followed.\nIt is obvious, both from common knowledge and from the many decisions of this court, that close questions of fact are continually arising in intersection accidents. In such cases it would seem to be the better part of wisdom not to try to include in one instruction the theory of only one litigant and at the same time make it a binding instruction. This thought is prompted by language used in the opinion in the Brown case, supra, from which we copy:\nProm the above quoted language it would appear that whether it is proper or improper to give an instruction such as we have under consideration depends upon the facts in each particular case. Taking this view it seems the safer course would be to leave all doubtful questions to the jury.\nWithout reviewing the testimony in this case it suffices to say there is room for doubt as to which party was most at fault in not yielding the right-of-way after a situation of danger arose. Instruction No. 1 failed to properly submit this question to the jury and also contained a binding feature.\nReversed and remanded for a new trial.\nMr. Justice McPaddix dissents.", "type": "majority", "author": "Ward, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Mann $ McCulloch, for appellant.", "E. J. Butler, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Davis v. Self.\n4-9692\n246 S. W. 2d 426\nOpinion delivered February 25, 1952.\nMann $ McCulloch, for appellant.\nE. J. Butler, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0129-01", "first_page_order": 153, "last_page_order": 157 }