{ "id": 1656633, "name": "Woodruff Electric Cooperative Corporation v. Weis Butane Gas Company", "name_abbreviation": "Woodruff Electric Cooperative Corp. v. Weis Butane Gas Co.", "decision_date": "1953-03-02", "docket_number": "5-3", "first_page": "686", "last_page": "691", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "221 Ark. 686" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "255 S.W.2d 420" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "12 A. L. R. 2d 748", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "215 Ark. 718", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1464481 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/215/0718-01" ] }, { "cite": "153 S. W. 830", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "106 Ark. 552", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1345665 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/106/0552-01" ] }, { "cite": "220 Ark. 16", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1660043 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/220/0016-01" ] }, { "cite": "218 Ark. 211", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1611953 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/218/0211-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 500, "char_count": 9331, "ocr_confidence": 0.502, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.6259411517839057e-07, "percentile": 0.688091467880946 }, "sha256": "faee5626ffd347b89e4e1b4579f45e2cc3df388f626830d3c9e1d7e894b7883b", "simhash": "1:9347cd37ed294f6c", "word_count": 1574 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:46:24.085624+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "The Chief Justice not participating." ], "parties": [ "Woodruff Electric Cooperative Corporation v. Weis Butane Gas Company." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Ward, Justice.\nThis appeal involves a question of venue, and that in turn calls for a determination of what constitutes the principal place of business of a corporation.\nOn February 27, 1951 a truck belonging to Weis Butane Gas Company and driven by its .employee, Woodrow James (the two appellees), collided in Lee County with a truck belonging to Woodruff Electric Cooperative Corporation (appellant) and driven by its employee. As a result of the collision and the damages claimed by both sides, two suits were filed. Appellees sued appellant in Lee County, and appellant sued appellees in Woodruff County.\nIt is recognized by both parties that, under \u00a7 27-611, Ark. Stats., tlie venue for these suits could be in the county where the collision occurred or in the county where either party, in this instance, had residence, since under the decision in East Texas Motor Freight Lines, Inc. v. Wood, 218 Ark. 211, 235 S. W. 2d 882, the venue statute before mentioned applies to corporations. It is likewise recognized by both parties that, under the rule announced in Healey & Roth v. Huie, Judge, 220 Ark. 16, 245 S. W. 2d 813, venue would attach in the case where service of summons was first had. In this case service was first had in Woodruff County, and appellant claims that county as its principal place of business and, therefore, its residence.\nAppellees, defendants in the Woodruff County suit, filed a motion, sustained by the trial court, to dismiss on the ground that appellant\u2019s \u201cprincipal office and principal place of business\u201d was not in Woodruff County. Appellant prosecutes this appeal from the order of dismissal.\nThe exact question here presented for our determination is this: Where a corporation has designated a principal office or place of business in its articles of incorporation and has in fact established and still maintains an office at such designated place, can it change its situs (for the purpose of venue under \u00a7 27-611, Ark. Stats.) to another county by establishing and maintaining in the latter county another office and place of business without amending, for that purpose, its articles of incorporation? In our opinion it cannot do so. The facts in this case are not involved and are not disputed.\nAppellant was organized in the year 1939 under Act 342 of 1937 to operate only in Woodruff County. Pursuant to \u00a7 6 (5) Augusta, Woodruff County, was designated as its \u201cprincipal office.\u201d An office was in fact established at Augusta and is still maintained with two or three employees, where current bills are paid, equipment is stored, and a radio transmitter is maintained. Letterheads of the company\u2019s stationery show \u201cAugusta, Arkansas \u2019 \u2019 and the company maintains a bank account in that city.\nSome years after its incorporation appellant was authorized to do business in several other counties in addition to Woodruff County, and about 1944 or 1945 it established, and has ever since maintained, an office or place of business at Forrest City in St. Francis County where it was also authorized to do business. There is no question about the office in Forrest City being more elaborate than the office in Augusta, or about more of the company\u2019s business being transacted there. The Forrest City office has approximately 30 employees, and all the company books are kept there.\nSection 26 of said organization Act 342 provides for the articles of incorporation to be amended as to provisions \u201cincluded in original articles.\u201d Under this section the stockholders, in 1945, made an effort to amend the articles of incorporation so as to move the company\u2019s principal office to Forrest City, but the effort failed when put to a vote.\nAlthough the exact question before us has never been passed on by this court, we think the answer is obvious from the holding and reasoning in the case of Home Fire Insurance Co. v. Benton, 106 Ark. 552, 153 S. W. 830. While this case involved the determination of the situs of a corporation for taxation purposes, we see no logical reason why the principles announced there should not apply to the issue here under consideration.\nThe essential facts in the Home Fire case were: The company had designated (in articles of incorporation) and actually established its office or place of business at Fordyce, Dallas County, in 1905. In 1911 the stockholders passed a resolution declaring that the place of business and domicile be moved from Fordyce to Bison in Cleveland County, and all requirements of \u00a7 870 of Kirby\u2019s Digest relative to filings in Cleveland County and the Secretary of State\u2019s Office were complied with. However, the company actually retained its office in Fordyce and did not move any physical equipment or office functions to Rison. When the question later arose as to which town was the company\u2019s sihis, this court held that two things were necessary before the company could change its sihis from Fordyce to Rison: (a) It must make the change on paper, i. e., as provided by said \u00a7 870, and (b) It must actually establish an office at Rison. Since it failed in (b), no change was effected.\nApplying the same rule and reasoning announced above it follows here that appellant\u2019s situs or place of business is still in Augusta because requirement (a) was not complied with. Long before this suit arose appellant recognized the necessity of complying with % 26 of Act 342 before it could make a change because, as stated before, it made an attempt to comply but failed.\nAVe believe the determination here arrived at is commendable from a practicable standpoint. By requiring a corporation to change its articles of incorporation (and file the change with the Secretary of State and in the pertinent county) before changing its situs it enables anyone interested to determine such a change by a reference to the records and it also prevents the possibility of the corporation from covertly and suddenly changing its sihis to suit its immediate purpose. It is not at all difficult to envision some corporation with places of business in several counties so nearly equal in physical equipment and/or office functions that a close question could arise as to which constituted the principal office. In such instances the determining factor should be intent. The legislature has provided a method by which that intent can be and, we think, must be expressed, that is, by amending its articles and making the necessary filings.\nAppellees have very ably presented certain contentions, which we will presently examine, calling for a conclusion different from the one we have reached.\nIt is stated that the Home Fire case, supra, holds that the \u201cpaper designation.\u201d of a principal place of business is prima facie evidence only, and that here the evidence (of a change) overcomes the prima facie showing. We agree that the cited case contains the expression attributed to it and also agree that there is sufficient evidence to sustain the trial court on the fact question. However, the statement in the Home Fire case must be interpreted in the light of the facts and holding there as against the facts here. There it was correct to say the \u201cpaper change\u201d made a prima facie case, and that it was overcome by the facts. Here there is no \u201cpaper change\u201d indicating a removal to Forrest City and therefore no prima facie showing of such change. The prima facie showing here is the original articles which designate Augusta and there is actual evidence to sustain it, i. e., there is an office at Augusta.\nAnother contention by appellees is to this effect: That we have said (in East Texas Motor Freight Lines, Inc., v. Wood, supra) that a corporation is like unto a person or individual; that we have held, as in Missouri Pacific Ry. Co. v. Lawrence, 215 Ark. 718, 223 S. W. 2d 823, 12 A. L. R. 2d 748, a person can have a \u201cdomicile\u201d in one place and a \u201cresidence\u201d in another, depending on the facts; and that here, even though the record domicile of appellant might be in Augusta, the evidence shows its residence to be in Forrest City.\nThe above contention is, we think, untenable in this instance. In the first place there is no compelling or logical reason for carrying the similarity of a \u201cperson\u201d to a \u201ccorporation\u201d to such limits. In the second place there appears no good reason why a corporation should have a domicile at one place and a residence at another, particularly when limited to the scope of the issue here considered. In the Home Fire case, supra, it was said: \u201cThe terms \u2018domicile\u2019 and \u2018principal place of business,\u2019 as used in the statutes and decisions, are synonymous,\u201d and we would, in this connection, add the word \u201cresidence.\u201d In Fletcher Cyclopedia Corporations, Permanent Ed., Vol. 9, \u00a7 4372, it is stated that it is generally held that the residence of a corporation for the purpose of venue is its principal place of business or principal office.\nIt follows from the views above expressed that the trial court should have overruled appellees\u2019 motion to dismiss, and this cause is accordingly reversed and remanded.\nThe Chief Justice not participating.", "type": "majority", "author": "Ward, Justice." } ], "attorneys": [ "John D. Eldridge, Jr., and Norton & Norton, for appellant.", "Mann db McCulloch, Daggett Jb Daggett and Wright, Harrison, Lindsey & Upton, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Woodruff Electric Cooperative Corporation v. Weis Butane Gas Company.\n5-3\n255 S. W. 2d 420\nOpinion delivered March 2, 1953.\nJohn D. Eldridge, Jr., and Norton & Norton, for appellant.\nMann db McCulloch, Daggett Jb Daggett and Wright, Harrison, Lindsey & Upton, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0686-01", "first_page_order": 710, "last_page_order": 715 }