{ "id": 1604058, "name": "National Distributors, Inc. v. Houston H. Simard, et ux", "name_abbreviation": "National Distributors, Inc. v. Simard", "decision_date": "1969-04-28", "docket_number": "5-4890", "first_page": "774", "last_page": "786", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "246 Ark. 774" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "440 S.W.2d 31" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "297 S.W. 1031", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "174 Ark. 609", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8723402 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/174/0609-01" ] }, { "cite": "96 S.W. 2d 16", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "192 Ark. 989", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1415136 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/192/0989-01" ] }, { "cite": "233 F. 2d 481", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 82309 ], "year": 1956, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/233/0481-01" ] }, { "cite": "236 Ark. 37", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1681397 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1956, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/236/0037-01" ] }, { "cite": "241 Ark. 36", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1724128 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/241/0036-01" ] }, { "cite": "439 S.W. 2d 627", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 1604088, 1604106, 1604052 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/246/0159-01", "/ark/246/0533-01", "/ark/246/0744-01" ] }, { "cite": "246 Ark. 533", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1604106 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/246/0533-01" ] }, { "cite": "3 S.W. 2d 688", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "176 Ark. 620", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1399881 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/176/0620-01" ] }, { "cite": "206 S.W. 58", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "136 Ark. 52", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1570007 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/136/0052-01" ] }, { "cite": "206 S.W. 755", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "136 Ark. 417", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1569968 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/136/0417-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 869, "char_count": 20828, "ocr_confidence": 0.433, "pagerank": { "raw": 6.497341544922815e-08, "percentile": 0.39971075533747336 }, "sha256": "b07d325a90d7f1603c909562843898456499fb7bb08e8b7dc3dff9ae1ffd1b11", "simhash": "1:a7dac2581213af08", "word_count": 3447 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:44:17.719304+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "G-eoege Bose Smith, Brown and Fogleman, JJ., dissent.", "Brown, J., joins in this dissent." ], "parties": [ "National Distributors, Inc. v. Houston H. Simard, et ux" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "J. Fred Jones, Justice.\nThis is an appeal by Naiional Distributors, Inc. from an adverse summary judgment in favor of Houston II. Simard rendered by the Sebastian County Circuit Court. National was the plaintiff in the trial court and the suit was on a guaranty agreement.\nOn December 9, 1963, Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. of Fort Smith contracted to refinisli and sell antique furniture and serve as an outlet for antique furniture supplied by National Distributors, Inc. a Tennessee corporation. Jackson\u2019s was to sell the furniture and remit to National 134% of the original cost price within eight hours after Jackson\u2019s had collected for the furniture sold. Jackson\u2019s became indebted to National and on April 5, 1965, it executed and delivered to National a promissory note payable on demand for $22,004.66. Jackson\u2019s failed in business and was placed in receivership by chancery court decree. National filed claim for $24,453.64 in the receivership proceedings and was paid $1,934.29 as its pro rata portion of the assets. By chancery decree dated December 26, 1967, National was given judgment for $22,004.66 balance due on the note.\nOn February 9, 1968, National filed the present suit in the Sebastian County Circuit Court against Houston TT. Simard, president and general manager of Jackson\u2019s, to recover on an undated guaranty agreement whereby Simard guaranteed the payment of any and all indebtedness owed by Jackson\u2019s to National. By way of answer and counter-claim, Simard claimed that he was entitled to a declaratory judgment on the basis that the guaranty agreement was void and unenforcable since National was not qualified to do business in Arkansas. National filed a denial to the counter-claim and Simard responded with a motion for summary judgment. The court granted the motion for summary judgment and on appeal to this court National designated -the following points for reversal:\n\u201cThe trial court erred in finding that appellant was \u2018doing business\u2019 in Arkansas; or, at tlie very least, an issue of fact exists on that point.\nTlie trial court erred in sustaining' tlie summary judgment because appellee failed to sustain the burden of demonstrating tliat there are no genuine issues of material fact.\u201d\nIn granting the motion for summary judgment, the trial court found that the record presented no genuine issue of material fact, and the motion for summary judgment was granted under Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 64-1202 (Repl. 1966) which states:\n\u201cAny foreign corporation which shall fail to comply with the provisions of this act and shall clo any business in this State, shall be subject to a fine . .. and as an additional penalty, any foreign corporation which shall fail or refuse to file its articles or incorporation or certificates as aforesaid, cannot malee any contract in the State which can be enforced by it cither in law or in equity ...\u201d (Emphasis supplied.)\nThe guaranty agreement sued on by the appellant is as follows:\n\u201cThe undersigned, for value received, hereby guarantee the payment of any and all indebtedness now or hereafter incurred by Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. to National Distributors, Inc., including specifically all presently due amounts in the approximate amount of $17,500.00 and future indebtedness which may be incurred from time to time, it being the intent of this agreement by the undersigned to perT sonally guarantee payment. of all indebtedness incurred by Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. to National Distributors, Inc. at any time during the life of this guaranty agreement. It is the intention of this guaranty to create the same liability on our part to and in favor of tire said National Distributors, Inc. or its order as though, we had actually executed sepuarate. guaranty agreements for each separate indebtedness incurred and to be incurred in the future by Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc, to National Distributors, Inc.\nlYe hereby severally waive presentment for payment, notice of non-payment, protest and notice of protest, and due diligence in enforcing payment of any or all of said indebtedness; and consent that an extension of time for payment may be granted or renewal taken on all or on any of said indebtedness without notice to us.\ns/ Houston H. Simard\ns/ .Dorothy J. Simard\u201d\nAppellant argues that there, is no . allegation that plaintiff came to Fort Smith for the execution of the guaranty agreement, and that it was actually mailed to the appellant in Tennessee. That appellant had no physical assets in Arkansas, no agent here, no office here, and that no services were performed here. Appellant argues that the record does not even suggest that any representative of plaintiff ever set f.oo.t in Arkansas, let alone conduct business here, and that the undisputed facts established that the .transaction entered into by the parties in 1963 was a Tennessee contract which involved the interstate shipment of goods to Fort Smith. The appellant also argues: \"it is elementary that Houston II. Simard\u2019s contract of guaranty was an enforceable promise on his part which was collateral to the primary obligation on the part of Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. * * * Simard thus promised to answer for the debt of Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc., which was incurred in interstate commerce, and his guaranty cannot b.e severed or separated from his corporation\u2019s primary obligation.\u201d\nWhile not so important to our decision in the case now before us, appellant was apparently doing business in Arkansas through Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. under the agreements entered into in 1963. A note was executed by Jackson\u2019s for the indebtedness due under these agreements, appellant\u2019s rights thereunder were litigated in chancery court and it obtained judgment against Jackson\u2019s. ' The pertinent portions of the 1963 agreements, relied on by appellant, are as follows:\n\u201cIt is agreed that NDI shall furnish adequate and continuing supply of antique furniture to Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. on the following basis:\nNational Distributors, Inc. shall pay all purchase and transportation expenses to Fort Smith and shall furnish Jackson\u2019s with the original suppliers invoice on all purchases.\n# * *\nNational Distributors, Inc. and Beno Friedman further agree for a period of five years after this association might be dissolved for any reason; not to contact personally and to prevent their servant? or acquaintances from contacting any customer or other business associate to whom they are introduced by Mr. Simard in the performance of this agreement.\nA. The only exception to this shall be on antiques belonging to Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. and now in stock.\nB. National Distributors, Inc. shall be paid on terms set forth above 134% of the cost price of every piece of antique furniture sold by Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. or by Houston H. Simard from this date forward.\nO. This agreement shall continue for a period of 99 years unless 30 days cancellation notice is givon one of the parties by the other via registered mail.\nIt is further agreed that Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc*, shall furnish adequate and continuing sales outlet on the following basis for antique furniture provided by National Distributors, Inc.\nJackson\u2019s shall pay for all costs involved in selling, refinishing and delivering merchandi.se going to customers, and shall furnish National Distributors, Inc. with a carbon copy of every Jackson\u2019s invoice for antiques of any kind which Jackson\u2019s sells.\nA. 34% shall be added to the National Distributors, Inc. cost price and the. total shall be paid to National Distributors, Inc. within eight (8) working hours of the time Jackson\u2019s receives payment from its customer. On invoices, factoring and credit, the same terms and conditions apply here as in our agreement dated November 22, 1963, covering the Henean\u2019s Wholesale antiques stock now in your possession.\n# * \u00a1K\nFurther, Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc.'and Houston H. Rimard agree for a period of five years after this association might be dissolved for any reason ; not to contact personally and to prevent their servants or acquaintances from contacting any supplier or other business associate to whom' they are introduced by Benno Friedman in the performance of this agreement.\nA. By December 15, 1963, Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. agrees to furnish National Distributors, Inc. a complete list of all antiques now in stock not belonging to National Distributors, Inc. and as these pieces are sold they will be checked off the list. National Distributors, Inc. will receive no payment for antiques on this list.\nB. As of start of business the first day of each month a complete inventory of pieces (numbers only) in stock and not sold will be furnished to National Distributors, Inc. by Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. This list will be placed in the mail at the latest by close of business the 5th of each month.\u201d\nAn additional agreement dated December 9, 1963, is set out, in part, as follows:\n\u201cThe following material belonging to NDI [National Distributors] is now in the possession of Houston Simard, President of Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc., Fort Smith, Arkansas.\nIt is agreed that all material in this stock not paid for by Mr. Simard as of March 31, 1964, will be returned in good shape and at no expense to NDI. .. Excepted from this statement will be the pieces which have been refinished by Simard, and these pieces shall remain on consignment in Ft. Smith until sold by Simard.\nAs each piece is sold, a copy of the invoice will be furnished to NDI.\nMost sales are to be factored, and within 8 working hours after money is received b3r Mr. Simard from the factor, the amount of the 'NDI price\u2019 on the piece sold will be forwarded to NDI by Mail. \u201d\nOf course, a contract for the sale of merchandise to be-shipped from a foreign corporation\u2019s place of business in another state to an Arkansas purchaser does not alone constitute doing business in Arkansas even when the contract is executed in this state. In Robertson v. Southwestern Co., 136 Ark. 417, 206 S.W. 755, this court said:\n\u201cA contract for the sale of merchandise to be shipped from appellee\u2019s place of business in Tennessee to the purchaser here do.es not constitute business in this State so as to bring the transaction under the ban of our statute, which prohibits a foreign corporation from doing business here without first filing copies of its articles of incorporation and obtaining permission to do business.\u201d\nThe ownership of the property is a determining factor as to the interstate-intrastate character of a transaction. In the case of Hogan v. Intertype Corporation, 136 Ark. 52, 206 S.W. 58, the appellant agreed to purchase a typesetting machine if it were demonstrated on his premises and performed as represented. The machine -was shipped from out of state to Huntington, Arkansas, set up and demonstrated, whereupon appellant signed a note secured by a mortgage for the purchase price. In reversing the trial court\u2019s finding 'that the appellee was not doing business in Arkansas, this court said:\n\u201cWe think it conclusively established by the facts in this case that the International Typesetting Machine Company owned the machine in question after it arrived in Huntington, Arkansas, and thereafter sold it to appellant, accepting in part payment notes executed and payable in Arkansas and secured by a mortgage on the machine, which was also executed and filed for record in this state. One test laid down by the Arkansas cases differentiating an interstate transaction from an intrastate transaction is the ownership of the property after it arrives in the state.\u201d (Emphasis supplied.)\nIn Eisenmayer Milling Company v. George E. Shelton Produce Company, 176 Ark. 620, 3 S.W. 2d 688, appellant shipped a carload of flour to brokers in Arkansas, and had the flour stored with appellee. The brokers were authorized to sell the flour at their own price, and pay appellant\u2019s invoice price and appellant was to be furnished dray tickets so that it could check deliveries. After three or. four weeks the brokers dissolved (heir partnership and the appellant arranged with the appellee to sell the remainder of the flour paying, appellant. as it was sold less charges for storage and selling. In holding that appellant was doing business in Arkansas, this court said:\n\u201c... [T]he arrangement made with the brokers, and subsequent thereto, with appellee, was nothing more than an agency. contract with the brokers and appellee to sell appellant\u2019s flour and to remit therefor as the same was sold. There was no outright sale of said flour either to the brokers ... or to appellee. Such flour was not the property of the brokers or appellee, could not have been levied upon by creditors as their property, but on the contrary, according to the undisputed testimony of appellant\u2019s witnesses, said flour had at all times belonged to it, and was being sold for its account ...by the brokers and appellee.\n# # #\n... Suffice it to sa3^ that the undisputed facts here show; that the shipment of the flour into this State in the first instance was not a sale to ... [the brokers] and that the arrangement between appellant and appellee was not a sale thereof in continuation of the former arrangement between appellant and . .. [the brokers]. It amounted to no. more than the storage of the flour in this State as its own, and the employment of an agent to make sales thereof from time to time, as purchasers could be found thereof. Had it been a' sale in the first instance, with title retained and the flour retaken and a resale thereof; made to appellee, the facts would be wholly different, and the result would be a transaction in interstate, commerce, as held in the-case of L. D. Powell Co. v. Roundtree, supra.\u201d\nThe intrastate character of the relationship between the parties in the case at bar is clearly evident from the written agreements they entered into, and it is apparent to ns from the plain wording of agreement, supra, that the appellant retained title to the goods in Jackson\u2019s possession until the goods were sold by Jackson\u2019s, and that the appellant was simply engaged in the antique furniture business through Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. in Fort Smith, Arkansas.\nIt is apparent from the record before us, that Jackson\u2019s simply sold the furniture, paid for and furnished to it by the appellant, and instead of remitting 134% of the cost price to the appellant within eight hours aftei it was collected from the purchasers as Jackson\u2019s agreed to do, Jackson\u2019s either failed to collect or failed to remit until over a two year period it owed the appellant the sum of the chancery judgment, plus the amount appellant received from the liquidation.\nThe guaranty agreement actually sued on in this ease is a unilateral agreement separate and apart from the contracts entered into in 1963 between the appellant and Jackson\u2019s Furniture, Inc. and is separate and apart from the promissory note given in 1965 on which judgment was entered and partially satisfied in 1967. The guaranty agreement was the only subject before the trial court in the case at bar and the appellee's affidavit in support of his motion for summary judgment states that this agreement was entered into and executed in Fort Smith, Arkansas, at the instance and upon the request of appellant's attorney in Fort Smith. Appellant\u2019s affidavit does not controvert appellee\u2019s affidavit on this point, but only states that the original promissory note, as -well as the guaranty agreement, wTas mailed to appellant in Tennessee from Foil Smith, Arkansas.\nThe appellant already has its judgment on the promissory note and the validity of that judgment is not before us. Tlie question before us is not where the appellant corporation was when it received its copy of the guaranty agreement signed by the appellee, and sued on in this case, the question on this point is where the contract was entered into. The appellee says it was in Fort Smith, Arkansas, and the appellant leaves this fact uncontroverted.\nThe judgment of the trial court is affirmed.\nG-eoege Bose Smith, Brown and Fogleman, JJ., dissent.\nJohn A. Fogleman, Justice.\nI would reverse the summary judgment in this case as to Houston H. Simard. I do not believe that the trial court or the majority has required appellee to meet the heavy burden resting upon him to show entitlement to this extreme remedy. Our cases with reference to this burden are outlined in my dissenting opinion in Gordon v. Matson, 246 Ark. 533, 439 S.W. 2d 627. I submit that there is a genuine fact issue in this case. As I see it, both the triah court and the majority have overlooked the most material issue raised by appellant. Although I do not agree with the treatment given the guaranty agreement in the majority opinion as \u201ca unilateral agreement separate and apart from the contracts entered into in 1963, \u2019 \u2019 the material fact in issue which determines whether appellant is to be allowed to maintain suit in this state is the place of making of the contract. Our statute closes the doors of our courts to a nondomesticated foreign corporation only on those actions involving contracts made in this state. U. P. I. v. Hernreich d/b/a Station KZNG, 241 Ark. 36, 406 S.W. 2d 317. Under the law of this state, a contract is deemed to have been entered into at the place where the last act necessary to the completion of the contract took place. Cooper v. Cherokee Village Development Co., 236 Ark. 37, 364 S.W. 2d 158; Leflar, Conflicts of Law, \u00a7 122, page 230; Leflar, American Conflicts Law, \u00a7 144, page 353. See also Hicks Body Co. v. Ward Body Works, 233 F. 2d 481 (1956). It is recognized that a written contract acquires no validity until delivery, either actual or constructive. Dem. Ptg. & Litho. Co. v. Parker, Auditor, 192 Ark. 989, 96 S.W. 2d 16. A mortgage prepared at the office of the \u2022lender in Oklahoma, 'mailed to its representative within Arkansas for signature of the mortgagors and returned to the lender was held to constitute an Oklahoma contract. Smith v. Brokaw, 174 Ark. 609, 297 S.W. 1031.\nThere is no place of execution, or date, shown on the guaranty agreement exhibited with the amended complaint in this case. Appellee did not allege in his answer and counterclaim that the guaranty agreement was entered into, or made, in the State of Arkansas. Appellee\u2019s only allegation having to do with the status of the appellant as a foreign corporation, and relating to the guaranty agreement, was that appellant has engaged in business in Arkansas without qualifying to do business in the state. Appellee\u2019s motion for summary judgment asked that the trial court adjudicate that the guaranty agreement and promissory note alleged as the basis of appellant\u2019s claim were void and unenforceable. In appellee\u2019s affidavit supporting his motion, he merely stated that the guaranty agreement was presented to him and his wife by an attorney acting for appellant in Fort. Smith, Arkansas, and that it was executed at his place of residence there.\nAppellant\u2019s response was supported by the affidavit of Jay Fred Friedman. Friedman stated that he was one of the attorneys for appellant and that he had personal knowledge of the facts set. forth in the affidavit. He stated that the promissory note and guaranty agreement sued on were both sent to the appellant by United States mail in interstate commerce and across state lines, as substantiated by the date receiving stamp placed on all incoming mail by appellant.\n1 do not see how it could be more clearly made to appear that appellant was contending that the contract was made in Tennessee and not in Arkansas. Under this state of the record, there is certainly a material fact issue as to the place where the contract was made. At least, appellee failed to show that there was not an issue of fact on this point by simply showing the isolated fact as to the place of signing.\nWhile the trial court found that there was no genuine issue of fact relevant to issues raised by the motion for summary judgment and dismissed the complaint holding the note and guaranty agreement null, void and unenforceable, the court made specific findings of fact, none of which has any bearing at all upon the place where the contract was made. The court\u2019s specific finding in that respect was simply that the appellant engaged in business in Arkansas, and, in the course of such business, obtained from appellee the guaranty agreement sued on. This point is argued by appellant under both points relied upon in his brief.\nBrown, J., joins in this dissent.\nAppellant does not seek reversal of the summary judgment against Dorothy J. Simard, so Houston H. Simard is referred to herein as appellee.", "type": "majority", "author": "J. Fred Jones, Justice. John A. Fogleman, Justice." } ], "attorneys": [ "\u25a0 Warner, Warner, Rayon & Smith for appellant.", "Bethell, Stocks, Gcdlaivay & King for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "National Distributors, Inc. v. Houston H. Simard, et ux\n5-4890\n440 S.W. 2d 31\nOpinion Delivered April 28, 1969\n\u25a0 Warner, Warner, Rayon & Smith for appellant.\nBethell, Stocks, Gcdlaivay & King for appellees." }, "file_name": "0774-01", "first_page_order": 806, "last_page_order": 818 }