{ "id": 1616829, "name": "John BAKOS, Kenneth BAKOS and Ronald BAKOS, Heirs at Law of Mayme (May) Bakos GAFFNEY, Deceased v. William Howard KRYDER and Raymon LEDWIDGE, Co-executors of the Estate of Mayme (May) Bakos GAFFNEY, Deceased", "name_abbreviation": "Bakos v. Kryder", "decision_date": "1976-11-08", "docket_number": "76-103", "first_page": "621", "last_page": "628", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "260 Ark. 621" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "543 S.W.2d 216" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "225 Ark. 410", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1642668 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1955, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/225/0410-01" ] }, { "cite": "204 Ark. 32", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1444214 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1942, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/204/0032-01" ] }, { "cite": "86 S.W. 432", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "year": 1905, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "74 Ark. 545", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8723429 ], "year": 1905, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/74/0545-01" ] }, { "cite": "192 S.W. 2d 972", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 1475832, 1475786 ], "year": 1946, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/209/0898-01", "/ark/209/0866-01" ] }, { "cite": "209 Ark. 898", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1475832 ], "year": 1946, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/209/0898-01" ] }, { "cite": "107 U.S. 163", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 3500025 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1882, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/107/0163-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 S.W. 952", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "year": 1906, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "81 Ark. 235", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1530690 ], "year": 1906, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/81/0235-01" ] }, { "cite": "248 Ark. 904", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1597705 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1970, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/248/0904-01" ] }, { "cite": "242 Ark. 644", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8722540 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1967, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/242/0644-01" ] }, { "cite": "237 Ark. 356", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1737943 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1963, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/237/0356-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 666, "char_count": 11656, "ocr_confidence": 0.896, "pagerank": { "raw": 6.113725938952546e-08, "percentile": 0.3809554147751471 }, "sha256": "68e7475fd8b0c622bca0751c5afc801cb0f14ea5e4a38e1abb3c736deb5fce69", "simhash": "1:1bfda52f4667b46b", "word_count": 1966 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:47:10.616532+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "We agree. Fogleman, Byrd and Holt, JJ." ], "parties": [ "John BAKOS, Kenneth BAKOS and Ronald BAKOS, Heirs at Law of Mayme (May) Bakos GAFFNEY, Deceased v. William Howard KRYDER and Raymon LEDWIDGE, Co-executors of the Estate of Mayme (May) Bakos GAFFNEY, Deceased" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "ElsijaneT. Roy, Justice.\nMayme (May) Bakos Gaffney, a resident of Garland County, died testate on July 16, 1972. Her will, dated January 31, 1972, and an instrument purporting to be a holographic codicil were duly admitted to probate, and William Howard Kryder and Raymon Ledwidge, the designated co-executors, qualified and were duly appointed.\nThe will provided for numerous charitable dispositions and the establishment of a fund, known as the Bakos Fund, for the benefit of certain children in the Hot Springs Children\u2019s Home. Appellants, the sole heirs at law of decedent, filed a petition for construction of the will alleging for various reasons the Bakos Fund and bequests were illegal and that consequently a large part of the estate must pass by intestacy to them. The probate court held the bequests involved were, valid and that the fund established by decedent constituted a charitable trust for the benefit of the intended recipients.\nAs to the bequests appellants contend there is no language in the will signifying that the testatrix intended that any portion of her estate should be paid to the named organizations. This contention is answered by a mere reading of pertinent parts of the will.\nI. I hereby constitute Rev. Wm. Kyrder and Raymon Ledwidge to be co-executors of this my Last Will and Testament directing my said co-executors to pay all my just debts and funeral expenses, and the legacies hereinafter given, out of my estate [italics supplied].\nII. Hot Springs Children\u2019s Home:-5%\nIII. Good Shepherd\u2019s Children\u2019s Home, Hot Springs, Arkansas :-5%\nIV. Hillcrest Children\u2019s Home, Hot Springs, Arkansas:-5%\nV. Little Rock Crippled Children\u2019s Home, Little Rock, Arkansas :-5%\nVI. Shriners Crippled Children\u2019s Home:-5%\nVII. Salvation Army, Hot Springs:-2%\nVIII. Abilities Unlimited:-2%\nIX. Heart Fund:-2%\nX. Cancer Fund:-2%\nXI. United Fund:-2%\nAs is evident the testatrix in Article I of the will directed that the \u201clegacies hereinafter given\u201d be paid out of the estate and then indicated the percentage each named organization was to receive.\nThe instruction to an executor to pay a legacy is indicative of a donative intent; the exact words \u201cgive and bequeath\u201d are not necessary. See Hamel v. Springle, Adm\u2019r, 237 Ark. 356, 372 S.W. 2d 822 (1963).\nFurthermore, in construing a will we are mindful that:\n. . . [A] will should be given that construction which accomplishes the purposes and objectives of the testator and, further, that consideration must be given to every part of the will in ascertaining the testator\u2019s intentions. Walt v. Bevis, 242 Ark. 644, 414 S.W. 2d 863 (1967).\nCarroll v. Robinson, Executor, 248 Ark. 904, 454 S.W. 2d 329 (1970). Thus there is no merit to this contention.\nAppellants next contend the lower court erred in holding that the will created a valid charitable trust. Pertinent provisions of the will read as follows:\nXII. I hereby establish a fund to be called \u201cThe Bakos Fund.\u201d The co-executors of this Will are to pay each child, who departs from the Hot Springs Children\u2019s Home, $100.00 upon such, departure when the child reaches the age of eighteen (18). This age of eighteen is to be flexible depending upon the recommendation of the manager of the children\u2019s home and the agreement of my co-executors. The departing child must be of good character. If the departing child, in his struggle to improve himself and to find a proper place for himself in society, is in need of an additional $100.00, then the co-executors shall pay the $100.00 to the said child if, in their judgment, it would be a prudent step to take.\nXIII. The last hereinabovementioned procedures shall be continued until all of the funds of my estate have been depleted or until the estate must be closed in accordance with the laws of Arkansas regarding the number of years that an estate is permitted to be kept open [italics supplied]. If it does become necessary to close the estate, while there are still funds therein, Rev. Wm. Kyrder and Raymon Ledwidge shall become co-trustees of my savings account at First Federal Savings and the disbursements to the children departing the Hot Springs Children\u2019s Home shall be continued until the Bakos Fund, in the form of a savings account at First Federal Savings is depleted. * * *\nAppellants argue as to these foregoing provisions that the class of recipients created is so indeterminable that none of the class members can be ascertained with the legal certainty necessary to create a valid trust. We cannot agree. The fact that the class is indefinite in the sense that it lacks specifically designated beneficiaries does not invalidate a charitable trust. As long ago as McDonald v. Shaw, 81 Ark. 235, 98 S.W. 952 (1906), this Court in speaking of charitable trusts, quoting from the case of Russell v. Allen, 107 U.S. 163, 2 S. Ct. 327, 27 L. Ed. 397 (1882), said:\n. . . \u201cThey may, and indeed, must, be for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons; for, if all the beneficiaries are designated, the trust lacks the essential elements of indefiniteness, which is one characteristic of a legal charity.\u201d\nContinuing the Court quoted 2 Perry on Trusts, \u00a7 732, as follows:\n\u201c. . . Uncertainty as to the individual beneficiaries is characteristic of a charitable use.\u201d\nSee also Restatement (Second) of Trusts, \u00a7 364 (1959) and 15 Am. Jur. 2d Charities, \u00a7 93 (1964). Here no uncertainty inheres in the class designated by the Fund. The discretion left to the appellees, co-trustees of the Fund, is confined to selecting qualified recipients from within a class certain, and we conclude that the class defined by the Fund does not fail for lack of specificity.\nAppellants also contend, under this same argument, that the Fund lacks a charitable purpose, that there is no guarantee the children in the Home are all impoverished, and that it contravenes the rule against perpetuities. The record reflects most of the children are from homes that are impoverished and all are there because of unfortunate circumstances. Furthermore, as heretofore indicated, disbursements are left in part to the discretion of the co-trustees.\nRestatement (Second) of Trusts, \u00a7 374 (1959), provides:\nA trust for the promotion of purposes which are of a character sufficiently beneficial to the community to justify permitting property to be devoted forever to their accomplishment is charitable.\nContinuing in this section we find:\nA trust to assist young men or women to establish themselves in life is charitable; ....\nRelief of poverty is also a charitable purpose. See McDonald v. Shaw, supra. The Bakos Fund was established to pay $100 and possibly another $100 to the departing 18 year old resident as he left the home and to aid \u201c... in his struggle to improve himself and find a proper place for himself in society, . . . . \u201d This purpose is unquestionably beneficial to the community since society has a valid interest in the productive integration of its citizenry.\nAs to the rule against perpetuities, in Garrett v. Mendenhall, Executor, 209 Ark. 898, 192 S.W. 2d 972 (1946), the Court held that a devise to the trustees of a certain church is a devise creating a trust for charitable use for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and does not fall within the rule against perpetuities. See also Bisco v. Thweatt, 74 Ark. 545, 86 S.W. 432 (1905).\nThe decedent\u2019s will instructed appellees that the payments therefrom were to be distributed \u201cuntil the funds of my estate have been depleted or until the estate must be closed in accordance with the laws of Arkansas regarding the number of years an estate may remain open. \u201d Appellants insist that since there is no law in Arkansas specifying the number of years an estate may remain open, a condition precedent to the trust is not met. Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 62-2802 (Repl. 1971) requires the personal representative to close the estate as promptly as practicable. Thus the provision of the will is in complete harmony with the statute. Restatement (Second) of Trusts, \u00a7 365 (1959) states:\nA charitable trust is not invalid although by the terms of the trust it is to continue for an indefinite or an unlimited period.\nAccordingly, we find the trial court was correct in holding that the will creates a valid trust.\nThe court then found the trust was funded by the residuary estate of the testatrix after deduction of debts, expenses and the charitable bequests totaling 35% of the estate. Appellants argue this conclusion is erroneous and that the residuary estate must pass to them as heirs since no funding was provided by the will for the Bakos Fund.\nIn Rufty v. Brantly, 204 Ark. 32, 161 S.W. 2d 11 (1942), we noted a strong presumption against partial intestacy unless the language of the instrument compels a different result. See also Bradshaw v. Pennington, Administrator, 225 Ark. 410, 283 S.W. 2d 351 (1955).\nAppellants contend that if the alleged charitable trust is found valid the funding must be restricted to the savings account in the First Federal Savings. We view the reference to a savings account at First Federal Savings as not being so restrictive. The intention of the testatrix is evidenced by the statement in Article XIII that the trust shall \u201ccontinue until all of the funds of my estate have been depleted. \u201d Also, the testatrix directed that if funds remained in the estate when it was closed, the Bakos Fund was to be continued \u201cin the form of a savings account\u201d with appellees to be co-trustees to handle disbursements therefrom. Thus it is evident the intention of the testatrix was that the First Federal Savings account was to serve as a depository for the residue of the estate pending distribution to the youth at the Children\u2019s Home.\nAs further indication of the testatrix\u2019s intent that residuary sums go to the Bakos Fund and not to any of her heirs we note the following provisions of the will:\nXVIII. I bequeath to my brother John and his daughter, Ellen Poat, share and share alike, as joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common, all of my share in my sister\u2019s home provided the home has not been sold and the proceeds divided prior to my demise [italics supplied].\nXIX. I bequeath to each of my relatives, with my thanks, the sum of five and no/100 ($5.00) Dollars, when as and if they make claims [italics supplied].\nXX. My sincerest thanks and God\u2019s blessings to you two gentlemen whom I have named as my co-executors of this Will and my co-trustees of my savings account at First Federal Savings which, after my death, and after the closing of my estate, is to be used for the benefit of the children departing from the Hot Springs Children\u2019s Home [italics supplied]. You both have made my rough road here a little smoother and a little brighter and I know you both will try to make the road brighter for the aforementioned children who may be in need of a friend, as I was.\nThese provisions clearly reflect that the testatrix, contrary to appellants\u2019 assertions, did not intend that any part of her estate should pass intestate, but meant for all funds except the specific legacies to become a part of the charitable trust, as determined by the trial court.\nAffirmed.\nWe agree. Fogleman, Byrd and Holt, JJ.\nThe codicil is not at issue herein.", "type": "majority", "author": "ElsijaneT. Roy, Justice." } ], "attorneys": [ "Harry E. Cook Jr. and Ray S. Smith Jr., for appellants.", "Evans, Farrar, Patterson & Farrar, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "John BAKOS, Kenneth BAKOS and Ronald BAKOS, Heirs at Law of Mayme (May) Bakos GAFFNEY, Deceased v. William Howard KRYDER and Raymon LEDWIDGE, Co-executors of the Estate of Mayme (May) Bakos GAFFNEY, Deceased\n76-103\n543 S.W. 2d 216\nOpinion delivered November 8, 1976\n[Rehearing denied December 13, 1976.]\nHarry E. Cook Jr. and Ray S. Smith Jr., for appellants.\nEvans, Farrar, Patterson & Farrar, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0621-01", "first_page_order": 651, "last_page_order": 658 }