{ "id": 1740728, "name": "E. F. PATTON and L. Faye PIERCE v. Charles RAGLAND, Commissioner, Division of Revenue Department of Finance and Administration; Dale CHARLES v. Scott GORDON, Commissioner of Arkansas Department of Human Services and Charles RAGLAND, Commissioner, Division of Revenue, Department of Finance and Administration", "name_abbreviation": "Patton v. Ragland", "decision_date": "1984-04-16", "docket_number": "83-304 and 83-305", "first_page": "231", "last_page": "236", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "282 Ark. 231" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "668 S.W.2d 3" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "276 Ark. 350", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1751503 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/276/0350-01" ] }, { "cite": "204 S.W. 622", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "year": 1918, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "134 Ark. 420", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1573319 ], "year": 1918, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/134/0420-01" ] }, { "cite": "190 S.W. 436", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "year": 1916, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "126 Ark. 260", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1551782 ], "year": 1916, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/126/0260-01" ] }, { "cite": "290 S.W. 591", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "year": 1927, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "172 Ark. 835", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1407959 ], "year": 1927, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/172/0835-01" ] }, { "cite": "243 Ark. 650", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8722978 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1967, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/243/0650-01" ] }, { "cite": "266 Ark. 112", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 8717540 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/266/0112-01" ] }, { "cite": "252 Ark. 956", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1630090 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/252/0956-01" ] }, { "cite": "280 Ark. 325", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1744763 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/280/0325-01" ] }, { "cite": "276 Ark. 350", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1751503 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/276/0350-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 549, "char_count": 9633, "ocr_confidence": 0.854, "pagerank": { "raw": 6.633756577218278e-08, "percentile": 0.404627065130052 }, "sha256": "64e59a022eb02c55f6a35422b6e58cdbe91632fd0c40a628ba02eac8386af5d3", "simhash": "1:7528e0b8322ef39a", "word_count": 1528 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:21:24.101080+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Purtle and Hollingsworth, JJ., dissent.", "Purtle, J., joins in this dissent." ], "parties": [ "E. F. PATTON and L. Faye PIERCE v. Charles RAGLAND, Commissioner, Division of Revenue Department of Finance and Administration; Dale CHARLES v. Scott GORDON, Commissioner of Arkansas Department of Human Services and Charles RAGLAND, Commissioner, Division of Revenue, Department of Finance and Administration" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Robert H. Dudley, Justice.\nAppellants Patton and Pierce were discharged from their jobs with the Division of Revenue of the Department of Finance and Administration. Pursuant to Act 693 of 1981, Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 12-3901, etseq. (Supp. 1983), they appealed to the Arkansas Merit System Council Board. The Board ordered appellents reinstated. Appellee Ragland, Commissioner of the Division of Revenue, appealed to circuit court. The circuit court dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. We affirmed, finding judicial review inappropriate because the act provides: \u201cThe decision by this Board regarding such appeals shall be final and binding on the appointing authority/agency.\u201d Department of Finance and Administration, et al v. Merit System Council Board, et al, 280 Ark. 325, 658 S.W.2d 369 (1983). Upon remand the appellee commissioner refused to reinstate the appellants to their former positions. Appellants then petitioned the Circuit Court of Pulaski County for a writ of mandamus and asked that the appellee commissioner be directed to reinstate them in accordance with the orders of the Board. The circuit court, finding that the act was unconstitutionally vague and unlawfully delegated legislative authority to the Board, denied relief to the appellant. We affirm. Jurisdiction to determine the constitutionality of an act of the General Assembly is in this court. Rule 29(1 )(c).\nThe act at issue, Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 12-3905 (2) (Supp. 1983), provides:\nIt shall be the duty of the Board to hear appeals on its behalf for Merit and non-Merit System agencies in accordance with the Merit System Rules and Regulations regarding appeals____The decisions by the Board regarding such appeals shall be final and binding on the appointing authority/agency.\nNo other provision of the act describes the word \u201cappeals.\u201d As a result, the Board is given complete discretion to decide the subject matter to be appealed. In such a vacuum the Board posseses absolute, unregulated and undefined authority to act. For example, the Board might decide to hear appeals from minor personnel disputes such as dress codes or excused absences in inclement weather or the setting of thermostats or eating and drinking at an employee\u2019s desk. It might decide to hear appeals from disagreements over pay, job transfers, affirmative action programs or termination of a probationary employee. It might decide to limit appeals to termination of employment of regular employees. In addition the act does not define \u201cMerit and non-Merit System agencies.\u201d\nThus, the Board might decide to hear an appeal from any subject matter controversy involving any state agency except the Arkansas State Highway Commission and the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department. See \u00a7 12-3907. In Cline v. Plaza Personnel, 252 Ark. 956, 481 S.W.2d 749 (1972), we stated: \u201cDiscretionary power may be delegated by the legislature to the licensing authority, but it is essential that reasonable guidelines be provided.\u201d We have held other acts unconstitutionally vague because key words were not defined. For example, in Davis v. Smith, 266 Ark. 112, 583 S.W.2d 37 (1979), the enactment dealing with custody rights allowed parental rights to be terminated if the parents could not provide a \u201cproper home.\u201d In Walden v. Hart, 243 Ark. 650, 420 S.W.2d 868 (1967), the act granted the local police chief or the state motor vehicle commissioner the authority to decide, without resort to any definition, which vehicles would be deemed \u201cemergency vehicles\u201d under the statute. We said the \u201c . . . Legislature gave to the named authorities an unbridled discretion and that is fatal\u201d to the act. Despite its presumption of constitutionality, Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 12-3905 (2) is so vague that it necessarily delegates legislative authority to the Board and is unconstitutional.\nThe appellants contend that the General Assembly can, within limits, empower administrative agencies to adopt rules and regulations to carry out the legislative will and, they argue, that was done in this case. For example, the State Highway Commission can be authorized to promulgate reasonable rules and regulations to regulate traffic on state highways. Snow v. Riggs, 172 Ark. 835, 290 S.W. 591 (1927); the Board of Control of State Agricultural Institutions can be empowered to provide for rules and regulations dealing with the eradication of cattle ticks. Davis v. State, 126 Ark. 260, 190 S.W. 436 (1916); and the State Board of Health can validly promulgate rules, orders, and regulations dealing with the prevention of the Spread of disease, State v. Martin and Lipe, 134 Ark. 420, 204 S.W. 622 (1918). However, the plain wording of \u00a7 12-3905 (2) does not empower the Board to promulgate rules and regulations to carry out the purposes of the act.\nThe appellants next contend that \u00a7 12-3905 (2) refers to the Board\u2019s rules and regulations and, by reference, incorporates them. They then argue that the missing definition of the word \u201cappeal\u201d can be found in the rules existing at the time of the enactment of the statute. We find no merit in the argument. In Hall v. Ragland, Comm\u2019r of Revenues, 276 Ark. 350, 635 S.W.2d 228 (1982), we noted that reference statutes are constitutionally permissible. However, a statute will not be construed to be a reference statute unless the unequivocal and inflexible import of the terms of the statute manifests the intent of the General Assembly that the statute be considered as such. The terms of \u00a7 12-3905 (2) do not reflect such an intent.\nThe facts and holding set out above relate to the first of the consolidated cases, Patton and Pierce v. Ragland. Our decision in that case is determinative of all issues in the companion consolidated case of Dale Charles v. Scott Gordon.\nAffirmed.\nPurtle and Hollingsworth, JJ., dissent.", "type": "majority", "author": "Robert H. Dudley, Justice." }, { "text": "P. A. Hollingsworth, Justice,\ndissenting. I disagree with the majority opinion that Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 12-3905(2) (Supp. 1983) is unconstitutional. The statute authorizes the Merit System Council Board to hear appeals from Merit and non-Merit System agencies \u201cin accordance with the Merit System Rules and Regulations regarding appeals.\u201d The majority bases their decision on the fact that no provision of this act defines the word \u201cappeals.\u201d This, the majority claims, gives the Board complete discretion in deciding the subject matter of the appeals it hears. This is not correct. The statute clearly prescribes that the Board will hear appeals in accordance with the existing Merit System Rules and Regulations, thereby incorporating these rules into the statute by reference, a practice we recognized in Hall v. Ragland, Comm\u2019r of Revenues, 276 Ark. 350, 635 S.W.2d 228 (1982). In that case, we quoted an Alabama opinion as follows:\nThere is a class of statutes, known as \u201creference statutes\u201d which impinge upon no constitutional limitation. They are statutes in form original, and in themselves intelligible and complete \u2014 statutes which refer to, and by reference adopt, wholly or partially, pre-existing statutes. In the construction of such statutes, the statute referred to is treated and considered as if it were incorporated in and formed a-part of that which makes the reference. . . . Such statutes are not strictly amendatory or revisory in character, and are not obnoxious to the constitutional provision which forbids a law to be revised, amended, or the provisions thereof to be extended or conferred by reference to its title only.\nSince, as the majority points out, the General Assembly can authorize administrative agencies to promulgate reasonable rules and regulations, I see no reason why the pre-existing rules and regulations of an agency cannot be adopted by reference in a statute just as a pre-existing statute can be. The Merit System Rules & Regulations supply the definitions and terms necessary to delineate the authority of the board to hear appeals. For instance, Rule 12.4.1 provides that \u201c[a] permanent employee who is dismissed, suspended or demoted shall have the right of appeal to the Council provided they have exhausted all provisions of the agencies grievance procedure or other administrative remedies or the employee must have sufficient proof that they were denied access to the grievance procedure or other administrative remedies.\u201d The Board\u2019s jurisdiction is therefore limited to such cases. The majority states that a statute will not be construed to be a reference statute unless the unequivocal and inflexible import of the terms of the statute manifest the intent that the statute be considered as such. The words here meet that test. Given the presumption of constitutionality that every statute enjoys, plus the clear wording of this statute, I do not think that it is unconstitutionally vague. I would grant the requested relief.\nPurtle, J., joins in this dissent.", "type": "dissent", "author": "P. A. Hollingsworth, Justice," } ], "attorneys": [ "Gro,ce, No.pper, Allen ir East, for appellants.", "Timothy J. Leathers, Joseph V. Svoboda, Kelly S. Jennings, Wayne Zakrzewski, Ann Fuchs, Joe Morphew, and Mike Munns, by: John H. Theis, for appellee Commissioner of Revenue.", "Steve Clark, Atty. Gen., by: Elizabeth Dowling, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee Commissioner of Youth Services, Arkansas Department of Human Services." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "E. F. PATTON and L. Faye PIERCE v. Charles RAGLAND, Commissioner, Division of Revenue Department of Finance and Administration; Dale CHARLES v. Scott GORDON, Commissioner of Arkansas Department of Human Services and Charles RAGLAND, Commissioner, Division of Revenue, Department of Finance and Administration\n83-304 and 83-305\n668 S.W.2d 3\nSupreme Court of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered April 16, 1984\n[Rehearing denied May 21, 1984.]\nGro,ce, No.pper, Allen ir East, for appellants.\nTimothy J. Leathers, Joseph V. Svoboda, Kelly S. Jennings, Wayne Zakrzewski, Ann Fuchs, Joe Morphew, and Mike Munns, by: John H. Theis, for appellee Commissioner of Revenue.\nSteve Clark, Atty. Gen., by: Elizabeth Dowling, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee Commissioner of Youth Services, Arkansas Department of Human Services." }, "file_name": "0231-01", "first_page_order": 267, "last_page_order": 272 }