{
  "id": 1877650,
  "name": "Terry WELLS and Larry HOWARD v. STATE of Arkansas",
  "name_abbreviation": "Wells v. State",
  "decision_date": "1985-02-18",
  "docket_number": "CR 84-157",
  "first_page": "9",
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      "cite": "285 Ark. 9"
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      "cite": "684 S.W.2d 248"
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    "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court"
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      "cite": "623 S.W.2d 176",
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      "reporter": "S.W.2d",
      "year": 1981,
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    {
      "cite": "274 Ark. 154",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
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        1754988
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      "year": 1981,
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        "/ark/274/0154-01"
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:18:39.025760+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "Terry WELLS and Larry HOWARD v. STATE of Arkansas"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Darrell Hickman, Justice.\nThis is another in a series of appeals concerning the Omnibus DWI Act. Terry Wells and Larry Howard were separately charged and tried in municipal court for driving while intoxicated but were jointly tried and found guilty, on appeal to the Boone County Circuit Court. Wells was convicted of DWI, third offense, and sentenced to a year in prison with all but 90 days suspended, a $1,000 fine, and revocation of his driver\u2019s license for two years. Howard was convicted of DWI, first offense, and sentenced to 60 days in jail, all of which was suspended. He was fined $250 and his driver\u2019s license was suspended for 90 days. We affirm the judgments.\nTwo questions are presented with regard to th\u00e9 Act that we have not yet answered. The first issue is whether Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 75-1031.1 (c) (Supp. 1983) requires the state to produce in court the Arkansas State Health Department official who certifies the breathalyzer machine. The answer is no. The statute provides:\nThe chemical analysis referred to in this section shall be made by a method approved by the State Board of Health. The method approved may be proved by a certificate duly acknowledged by a representative of the State Board of Health and said certificate shall be admissible per se in any criminal prosecution and shall not be subject to any objections on grounds of heresay [hearsay]. Provided, however, the machine performing the chemical analysis shall have been duly certified at least once in the last three [3] months preceding arrest and the operator thereof shall have been properly trained and certified. Provided further, the person calibrating the machine and the operator of the machine shall be made available by the State for cross-examination by the defendant or his counsel of record upon reasonable notice to the prosecuting attorney.\nThe state offered the testimony of the police officer who calibrated the machine in both cases. The defense insisted that the statutes required the state health official to be present who certified the machine. We find no such requirement. In fact the statute allows certification to be proven with the certificate itself. That was not done in this case, but the appellants did not object below to the absence of the certificates; instead, they only argued that the official must be present. On appeal the argument is somewhat altered to object to the lack of the certificate. We do not reach arguments on appeal not made below. Swaite v. State, 274 Ark. 154, 623 S.W.2d 176 (1981).\nThe other question is whether a defendant has the right to counsel at the time the breathalyzer test is taken. The appellants argue that the test is a \u201ccritical stage\u201d of the prosecution requiring presence of counsel.\nThe right to counsel guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution applies to all critical stages of a criminal proceeding. United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218 (1967). Wade held that pretrial procedures must be scrutinized to determine the potential for prejudice to the defendant and whether counsel\u2019s presence could help avoid that prejudice. The Supreme Court held that while a post-indictment lineup is a critical stage, requiring that an accused be given the right to counsel, certain scientific tests are not such stages. The Court stated:\nThe Government characterizes the lineup as a mere preparatory step in the gathering of the prosecution\u2019s evidence, not different \u2014 for Sixth Amendment purposes \u2014 from various other preparatory steps such as systematized or scientific analyzing of the accused\u2019s fingerprints, blood sample, clothing, hair, and the like. We think there are differences which preclude such stages being characterized as critical stages at which the accused has the right to the presence of his counsel. Knowledge of the techniques of science and technology is sufficiently available, and the variables in techniques few enough, that the accused has the opportunity for a meaningful confrontation of the Government\u2019s case at trial through the ordinary process of cross-examination of the Government\u2019s expert witnesses and the presentation of his own experts. The denial of a right to have his counsel at such analyses does not therefore violate the Sixth Amendment; they are not critical stages since there is minimal risk that his counsel\u2019s absence at such stages might derogate from his right to a fair trial.\nIn Holmberg v. 54-A Judicial Dist. Judge, 60 Mich. App. 757, 231 N.W.2d 543 (1975), the appellant argued that the denial of his request for counsel before being given a breathalyzer test violated his constitutional rights. The Court of Appeals of Michigan found, as we do, that there was no constitutional right to counsel before a breathalyzer test is given.\nAffirmed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Darrell Hickman, Justice."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Thomas A. Martin, for appellants.",
      "Steve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen. by: Joyce Rayburn Green, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Terry WELLS and Larry HOWARD v. STATE of Arkansas\nCR 84-157\n684 S.W.2d 248\nSupreme Court of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered February 18, 1985\nThomas A. Martin, for appellants.\nSteve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen. by: Joyce Rayburn Green, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0009-01",
  "first_page_order": 33,
  "last_page_order": 36
}