{ "id": 8718263, "name": "Jack Frederick HOBACK v. STATE of Arkansas", "name_abbreviation": "Hoback v. State", "decision_date": "1985-05-28", "docket_number": "CR 84-186", "first_page": "153", "last_page": "159", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "286 Ark. 153" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "689 S.W.2d 569" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "251 Ark. 650", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1633244 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1971, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/251/0650-01" ] }, { "cite": "271 Ark. 526", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1756203 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/271/0526-01" ] }, { "cite": "261 Ark. 257", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1678926 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/261/0257-01" ] }, { "cite": "411 U.S. 223", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 10262 ], "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/411/0223-01" ] }, { "cite": "260 Ark. 743", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1616765 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/260/0743-01" ] }, { "cite": "260 Ark. 731", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1616796 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/260/0731-01" ] }, { "cite": "270 Ark. 457", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1709204 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/270/0457-01" ] }, { "cite": "277 Ark. 72", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1750209 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/277/0072-01" ] }, { "cite": "259 Ark. 478", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1619141 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/259/0478-01" ] }, { "cite": "591 S.W.2d 3", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "56" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "267 Ark. 436", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1719787 ], "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/267/0436-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 Ark. 538", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1712476 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/269/0538-01" ] }, { "cite": "385 U.S. 323", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11337181 ], "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/385/0323-01" ] }, { "cite": "401 U.S. 745", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11714876 ], "year": 1971, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/401/0745-01" ] }, { "cite": "389 U.S. 347", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11339173 ], "year": 1967, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/389/0347-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 543, "char_count": 8797, "ocr_confidence": 0.907, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.3917825620417954e-07, "percentile": 0.797958104893374 }, "sha256": "f5132247dbb9c02d7d09721e7a6f044816b843092126293fc71594d86944f70d", "simhash": "1:bbea91756bccdcb0", "word_count": 1492 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:29:09.553890+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Jack Frederick HOBACK v. STATE of Arkansas" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "John I. Purtle, Justice.\nAppellant was convicted of violation of Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 82-2617 (a)(l)(i) (Supp. 1983), a class Y felony, delivery of cocaine. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. The appellant argues five grounds for reversal. Since each argument will be treated in the opinion they will be separately stated. We do no find reversible error.\nDuring a drug investigation law enforcement officers contacted Larry Rodgers who was involved in drug dealings. Rodgers informed the police he expected to hear from the appellant on a drug deal in a few days. The officers persuaded Rodgers to cooperate with them and, pursuant to the agreement, equipped Rodgers\u2019 phone with a recording device. They also installed video equipment in Rodgers\u2019 office and a listening device in his vehicle, as well as a microphone to be worn on the body. Naturally the appellant had no knowledge of the trap which had been set for him by his colleague and the officers. As expected appellant contacted the informant by telephone, which conversation was duly recorded, and made plans to bring some cocaine and collect money for the delivery. The officers monitored and recorded, by sound and video, the activities and transactions between the appellant and the informant. These recordings included delivery of a sack by appellant to the informant and payment to the appellant of $10,000, which had been supplied by the F.B.I. After the transfer of the sack and the money, the officers closed in and arrested the appellant, and ostensibly the informant, Larry Rodgers.\nDuring the trial the audio and video tapes were used against the appellant over his objections. The court refused to allow an expert on video tapes to testify on behalf of the appellant. The proffered expert\u2019s testimony would have explained to the jury that it is not possible to distinguish between original and copied or spliced video tapes. The court also prevented the appellant from impeaching an officer\u2019s testimony by showing that he had helped other defendants obtain favorable treatment. Over appellant\u2019s objection evidence of the street value of the cocaine was presented to the jury. The trial court rejected appellant\u2019s offered instructions AMCI 401 and 402 on accomplice liability.\nI\nTHE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN NOT SUPPRESSING THE VIDEO AND AUDIO TAPES.\nThere is no dispute of the fact that the informant agreed to be taped and recorded and that the appellant consented to none of it. The recordings were admitted over appellant\u2019s objection.\nWe think reliance on Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967), is inapposite for the reason that in Katz it was the recording of Katz\u2019s voice from a public telephone booth that the Court denounced. There was no consent by anyone in Katz. In the present case the informant not only knew the transactions were being recorded, he also helped with the documentation. The present case is more like United States v. White, 401 U.S. 745 (1971), where an informant performed like Rodgers did in the case here under consideration. In White it was held that it made no difference that a defendant completely trusted an apparent colleague who betrayed him. His expectations were not protected by the Fourth Amendment. The rule that an accused relies on a colleague at his own risk is well established. We have relied upon decisions of the United States Supreme Court in holding that recordings made with the consent of an informant are admissible. Osborn v. United States, 385 U.S. 323 (1966); Smithey v. State, 269 Ark. 538, 602 S.W.2d 676 (1980); Patterson v. State, 267 Ark. 436, 591 S.W.2d 3 56 (1979).\nII\nTHE COURT ERRED IN REJECTING THE TESTIMONY OF APPELLANT\u2019S EXPERT WITNESS ON VIDEO TAPES.\nAlthough appellant\u2019s expert witness may have been the world\u2019s foremost authority on video tapes, his testimony was not relevant at the trial of this case. The essence of the proffered testimony in this case was that video tapes could be spliced or duplicated and one could not differentiate between the original and the copies. The state had properly established the foundation of the evidence before introduction and the appellant did not seriously dispute the tapes\u2019 authenticity in any respect. Had there been a dispute about the authenticity of the tapes, then the expert testimony may have been relevant. At the very least we can say with certainty that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in rejecting the testimony.\nIll\nTHE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN REFUSING THE APPELLANT\u2019S ATTEMPT TO IMPEACH OFFICER BRACKIN.\nOfficer Brackin suggested to appellant it would be in his best interest if he would cooperate with the officers during the investigation. He may have told appellant he would \u201ccut him some slack\u201d in return for cooperation. He explained to the court that he meant any cooperation would be taken into consideration at a later date. He did not promise the appellant he would recommend a lesser charge or sentence. Upon cross-examination defense counsel asked the officer if he had in fact made a deal for a named individual. The court ruled the question was collateral and excluded further questioning. However, the testimony was proffered in chambers out of the presence of the jury. It developed that Brackin had indeed attempted to help one of the men in the National Guard unit to which he belonged. Brackin explained he did not consider himself to be acting as a law enforcement officer while he was at drill and it was in his capacity as a National Guard officer that he tried to help the serviceman. There was no evidence that Brackin offered anyone a deal in his capacity in law enforcement.\nCross-examination is extremely important to an accused and wide latitude should be allowed. It should not be unduly restricted in matters relating to the credibility of a witness. Haight v. State, 259 Ark. 478, 533 S.W.2d 510 (1976). A trial judge has considerable discretion in determining the scope of cross-examination. Boreck v. State, 277 Ark. 72, 639 S.W.2d 352 (1982); Shepherd v. State, 270 Ark. 457, 605 S.W.2d 414 (1980). The scope of cross-examination to impeach is not generally limited to matters brought out on direct examination. Matkin v. Jones, 260 Ark. 731, 543 S.W.2d 764 (1976). Cross-examination should be limited to material and relevant matters before the court. Dillard v. State, 260 Ark. 743, 543 S.W.2d 925 (1976). Harmless errors are not grounds for reversal of a case. An accused is entitled to a fair trial but not a perfect one because there are no perfect trials. Brown v. United States, 411 U.S. 223 (1973). Although it may have been the better practice to allow the cross-examination to include the incident to which appellant referred, we do not find that the trial court abused its discretion and no prejudice has been demonstrated.\nIV\nIT WAS ERROR TO ALLOW THE STREET VALUE OF THE COCAINE TO BE STATED TO THE JURY.\nNeither Unif. R. Evid. 403 nor our case law prohibits such testimony from being revealed to the jury. Rule 403 states that although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. We reversed the case of Brady v. State, 261 Ark. 257, 548 S.W.2d 821 (1977), where the trial court refused to allow the accused to prove the value of the pills during the mitigation phase of his trial. The relevancy or prejudice matter must be decided by someone. The trial court has been assigned that responsibility in our system and it is the logical and proper place to make such determination. Unless that discretion is abused, we will not reverse the trial court. See Beed v. State, 271 Ark. 526, 609 S.W.2d 898 (1980). We see no abuse in the trial court\u2019s ruling.\nV\nIT WAS ERROR TO REFUSE TO GIVE AMCI INSTRUCTIONS 401 & 402.\nThe court ruled as a matter of law that the informant was not an accomplice of the seller in this case. We need not cite authority that the appellant could not have been convicted by the testimony of Rodgers alone if he were an accomplice of the appellant. Appellant recognizes that we have previously held that an undercover officer or informant is not an accomplice solely because he is a buyer. Sweatt v. State, 251 Ark. 650, 473 S.W.2d 913 (1971). In Sweatt we held as a matter of law that a buyer of contraband is not an accomplice of the seller.\nVI\nTHERE WERE NO ADVERSE RULINGS PREJUDICIAL TO THE APPELLANT WHICH WERE NOT ARGUED.\nPursuant to Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 43-2725 (Repl. 1977) and Rule 11 (0 of this Court, we have considered all objections by appellant and find no prejudicial error.\nAffirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "John I. Purtle, Justice." } ], "attorneys": [ "Skillman & Durrett, for appellant.", "Steve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen., by: Alice Ann Burns, Deputy Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Jack Frederick HOBACK v. STATE of Arkansas\nCR 84-186\n689 S.W.2d 569\nSupreme Court of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered May 28, 1985\nSkillman & Durrett, for appellant.\nSteve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen., by: Alice Ann Burns, Deputy Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." }, "file_name": "0153-01", "first_page_order": 179, "last_page_order": 185 }