{
  "id": 1873697,
  "name": "Michael Brent JACKSON v. STATE of Arkansas",
  "name_abbreviation": "Jackson v. State",
  "decision_date": "1986-10-20",
  "docket_number": "CR 86-106",
  "first_page": "160",
  "last_page": "163",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "290 Ark. 160"
    },
    {
      "type": "parallel",
      "cite": "717 S.W.2d 801"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ark.",
    "id": 8808,
    "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 34,
    "name_long": "Arkansas",
    "name": "Ark."
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      "cite": "280 Ark. 173",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
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      "reporter": "Ark.",
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    {
      "cite": "206 Ark. 693",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
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      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1944,
      "opinion_index": 0,
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    {
      "cite": "42 S.W.2d 8",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.W.2d",
      "year": 1931,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "184 Ark. 220",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1438552
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      "year": 1931,
      "opinion_index": 0,
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        "/ark/184/0220-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "632 S.W.2d 416",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.W.2d",
      "case_ids": [
        6137400,
        1751505
      ],
      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark-app/5/0056-01",
        "/ark/276/0056-01"
      ]
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    {
      "cite": "276 Ark. 56",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1751505
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      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/276/0056-01"
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    {
      "cite": "279 Ark. 430",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1746973
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1983,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/279/0430-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "284 Ark. 333",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1878588
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1984,
      "opinion_index": 0,
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        "/ark/284/0333-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
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    "char_count": 4524,
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    "sha256": "e8a720a04d32ac58761e454e3d8bb5344c2375d1f565c8d7aa43291a83678a90",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:33:16.506369+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "Michael Brent JACKSON v. STATE of Arkansas"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "John I. Purtle, Justice.\nThe appellant was convicted of kidnapping and terroristic threatening. Having three prior felony convictions, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for kidnapping and 12 years for terroristic threatening. We do not agree with the appellant\u2019s sole contention on appeal that there was insufficient evidence to support the conviction for kidnapping.\nOn March 22, 1985, the appellant opened the door of the victim\u2019s vehicle and ordered her to move over to the passenger side. He told her he had a knife, which he pressed to her side, and threatened to kill her. He tried to hold the victim in the car and drive away at the same time. During the struggle she was able to open the door on the passenger side and attempted to get out. The appellant grabbed her by the hair and pulled her back into the car. He made a number of additional threatening statements in which he said he would kill her if she moved. The victim continued to struggle and the commotion attracted the attention of a man in the parking lot. The witness heard the victim screaming and pleading for help. He ran to the car as she yelled, \u201cPlease help me, save me, he\u2019s trying to kill me.\u201d The appellant then got into another vehicle and left. The witness took down the license number of the vehicle which appellant was driving and turned the number in to the police.\nThe only argument on appeal is that the evidence was insufficient to support the appellant\u2019s conviction for kidnapping. Kidnapping is defined in Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 41-1702(1) (Repl. 1977) as follows:\nA person commits the offense of kidnapping if, without consent, he restrains another person so as to interfere substantially with his liberty with the purpose of: . . .\n(e) terrorizing him or another person. . . .\nThere is no question but that the victim was restrained. Substantial interference with the liberty of another person does not necessarily require that the interference be for a substantial period of time. In the case of Cook v. State, 284 Ark. 333, 681 S.W.2d 378 (1984), we held that confinement for a few minutes was sufficient to support a conviction for kidnapping.\nTo prove kidnapping the State must only prove that the accused restrained the victim so as to interfere substantially with the victim\u2019s liberty, without the victim\u2019s consent, for a specific purpose outlined by the statute. Ellis v. State, 279 Ark. 430, 652 S.W.2d 35 (1983). The purpose of the restraint is the question to be decided in this case. Appellant argues there was not a scintilla of evidence to prove the intent to terrorize. It is true that no statement of intent was expressed by the appellant. Such intent, however, may be inferred from circumstantial evidence. Johnson v. State, 276 Ark. 56, 632 S.W.2d 416 (1982). Further, one is presumed to intend the natural and probable consequences of his act. Rhine v. State, 184 Ark. 220, 42 S.W.2d 8 (1931); Pate v. State, 206 Ark. 693, 177 S.W.2d 933 (1944).\nAlthough Rhine was decided prior to the adoption of the Arkansas Criminal Code, the fundamental rule is carried into the present law as Ark. Stat. Ann. \u00a7 41-203(1) (Repl. 1977). This statute declares that, \u201c[a] person acts purposely with respect to his conduct or a result thereof when it is his conscious object to engage in conduct of that nature or cause such a result.\u201d In Chaviers v. State, 267 Ark. 6, 588 S.W.2d 434 (1979), addressing an argument similar to the one in the present appeal, we stated: \u201c[b]y the nature of things, one\u2019s intent or purpose, being a state of mind, can seldom be positively known to others, so it ordinarily cannot be shown by direct evidence, but may be inferred from the facts and circumstances shown in evidence.\u201d\nThere is no question but that the victim was terrorized. Without other logical explanation it is presumed he intended the result of his acts. In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence we need only determine whether there was any substantial evidence to support the verdict. Nichols v. State, 280 Ark. 173, 655 S.W.2d 450 (1983). From the facts stated above we hold that there was substantial evidence to support the conviction for kidnapping.\nAffirmed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "John I. Purtle, Justice."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "William R. Simpson, Jr., Public Defender, Donald Campbell, III, Deputy Public Defender, by: Deborah R. Sailings, Deputy Public Defender, for appellant.",
      "Steve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen., by: William F. Knight, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Michael Brent JACKSON v. STATE of Arkansas\nCR 86-106\n717 S.W.2d 801\nSupreme Court of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered October 20, 1986\nWilliam R. Simpson, Jr., Public Defender, Donald Campbell, III, Deputy Public Defender, by: Deborah R. Sailings, Deputy Public Defender, for appellant.\nSteve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen., by: William F. Knight, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0160-01",
  "first_page_order": 186,
  "last_page_order": 189
}