{ "id": 1888326, "name": "Jimmy MILLER v. STATE of Arkansas", "name_abbreviation": "Miller v. State", "decision_date": "1989-05-22", "docket_number": "CR 89-12", "first_page": "2", "last_page": "7", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "299 Ark. 2" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "770 S.W.2d 144" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "297 Ark. 296", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1891439 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/297/0296-01" ] }, { "cite": "480 U.S. 79", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1131098 ], "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/480/0079-01" ] }, { "cite": "298 Ark. 502", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1889897 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/298/0502-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 550, "char_count": 10851, "ocr_confidence": 0.902, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.06919553997163541 }, "sha256": "583d9ab8d7022f13c541b55997f334379f4a6eb6a4e39f5f3edcd764ada87a79", "simhash": "1:d22e080d0d707574", "word_count": 1832 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:11:40.326030+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Purtle, J., dissents." ], "parties": [ "Jimmy MILLER v. STATE of Arkansas" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Robert H. Dudley, Justice.\nThe appellant was charged with keeping a gambling house. He filed a motion to suppress evidence obtained pursuant to a search warrant. The trial court denied the motion to suppress, and appellant entered a conditional guilty plea, reserving the right under A.R.Cr.P. Rule 24.3(b) to appellate review of the'trial court\u2019s ruling. We now uphold that ruling, and affirm the appellant\u2019s conviction.\nThe sole issue on appeal is whether the search warrant used to obtain the evidence against the appellant described the place to be searched with sufficient particularity. The Little Rock Police Department received information from a confidential informant that the appellant, James Franklin Miller, was a bookie who operated out of his pawn shop at 6323 Asher Avenue in Little Rock. The police then conducted a two-week surveillance of the appellant\u2019s pawn shop, and discovered that he was also using the shop as his residence. With the help of the confidential informant, the police placed several bets over the phone with someone named Jimmy, presumably the appellant. They then contacted the phone company and determined that the number they were calling to place the bets was installed at a business named the Quick Cash Pawn Shop, located at 6323 Asher, which was listed in the name of Frank Miller, the appellant. They further determined that the phone calls were not being forwarded to another number.\nBased upon all of this information, the police obtained a search warrant to search the appellant\u2019s business. The warrant gave a thorough description of the premises, and indicated that access could be gained either through the front glass doors of the building, or through a door located at the rear of the premises. The police had not actually observed the appellant using the rear door, but because of its location at the rear of the building, they reasonably assumed that it would provide access to the pawn shop. When the police arrived at the appellant\u2019s place of business to execute the search warrant, they parked in back to avoid drawing attention to themselves. However, just as they were parking, the appellant came out of the rear door and met them. The officers identified themselves and showed him the search warrant, explaining that they were there to search his business premises. The appellant made no effort to direct the police to the front of the building, or to inform them that the rear door did not lead to the pawn shop. He had left the rear door open, and the officers stepped inside. They were quite surprised to find themselves inside a 6\u2019 x 6\u2019 cubicle that provided no means of access to the appellant\u2019s pawn shop. The cubicle contained several telephones and assorted gambling paraphernalia, which the police seized.\nThe appellant filed a motion to suppress the evidence seized from the cubicle, arguing that the warrant did not describe the cubicle with particularity, as is required by both the United States and Arkansas Constitutions and the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure. After a lengthy hearing, the trial court refused to suppress the evidence, finding that the description in the search warrant was adequate. We agree.\nThe United States Supreme Court upheld a search warrant under similar circumstances in Maryland v. Garrison, 480 U.S. 79 (1987). In Garrison, Baltimore police officers obtained and executed a search warrant covering the person of one McWebb and the premises known as \u201c2036 Park Avenue third floor apartment.\u201d The police reasonably believed that there was only one apartment on the described premises, but as it turned out, the third floor of the building was divided into two apartments. The police searched the wrong apartment and seized evidence they found therein. The Supreme Court upheld the trial court\u2019s denial of the appellant\u2019s motion to suppress the evidence, finding that both the warrant and its execution were valid.\nThe Supreme Court first considered the validity of the search warrant itself. The Court found that the description in the warrant was broader than necessary only because of the mistaken belief of the police that there was only one apartment on the third floor of the building in question. The Court noted that the warrant would undoubtedly have been valid if it had reflected a completely accurate understanding of the building\u2019s floor plan. The Court held that it must judge the constitutionality of the officers\u2019 conduct in light of the information available to them at the time they acted and that evidence which emerges after a warrant is issued does not retroactively invalidate the warrant. The Court found the officers\u2019 conduct completely reasonable under the circumstances and upheld the validity of the warrant.\nThe Court in Garrison next considered the execution of the warrant, and found that it, too, was valid. The Court held that the validity of the search depended upon whether the officers\u2019 failure to realize the over breadth of the warrant was objectively understandable and reasonable. The Court found the officers\u2019 mistake perfectly reasonable, noting that the objective facts available to them at the time of the execution suggested that there was no distinction between McWebb\u2019s apartment and that of the entire third-floor premises. The Court noted in a footnote that although the officers met Me Webb outside the building and he accompanied them upstairs to the third floor, he said nothing to indicate there were two separate apartments on the floor, or that they were searching the wrong one.\nIn Moore v. State, 297 Ark. 296, 761 S.W.2d 894 (1988), we applied Garrison to a similar set of facts, upholding a warrant and its execution on a residence which from all appearances was a single family dwelling, but in actuality it turned out to contain several \u201cleased\u201d bedrooms. In Moore the appellants also failed to bring the multi-unit nature of the dwelling to the officers\u2019 attention, despite the opportunity to do so.\nWe find the reasoning of Garrison and Moore applicable to the instant case. The mistake of the police officers here was also perfectly reasonable and understandable. The officers had studied the outside of the appellant\u2019s business premises for two weeks, and had every reason to believe that the back door to this building would provide access to the appellant\u2019s pawn shop. The evidence at trial revealed that it was impossible to look in the front glass of the pawn shop and determine that the back door did not connect to it; thus, there was no way the officers could have discovered the existence of this separate cubicle without a copy of the building\u2019s floor plan. We find that the officers did all that was reasonably necessary to determine the location of the bookie operation before obtaining the search warrant. Indeed, they had even gone so far as to subpoena phone records in an attempt to make sure that the bookie operation was being conducted on the premises. Based on the objective facts available to the officers at the time they obtained the warrant, the description of the place to be searched was adequate, and thus, the warrant was valid.\nWe also find that the execution of the warrant was valid. The officers had no reason to suspect that the rear door did not lead to the appellant\u2019s pawn shop until they got inside the cubicle. Further, the appellant made no attempt to inform them of their mistake, although he had ample opportunity to do so.\nAffirmed.\nPurtle, J., dissents.", "type": "majority", "author": "Robert H. Dudley, Justice." }, { "text": "John I. Purtle, Justice,\ndissenting. The central issue in this case is whether the search warrant used to obtain the evidence described the place to be searched with sufficient particularity. The warrant authorized a search of the Quick Cash Pawn Shop, located at 6323 Asher Avenue in Little Rock. The business was operated by the appellant, who also lived in the same building. The place actually searched is a 6\u2019 x 6\u2019 concrete cubicle located in another part of the strip shopping center. Its only door opens into the alley to the west of the building. There was also a back entrance to the pawn shop, but it opened along the southern wall of the building.\nThis property and the adjacent property on Asher Avenue consists of an L-shaped building. The long top end of the L abuts on Asher Avenue; the lower part extends eastward from the south end of the L to a point which also is the east wall of the building occupied by the appellant. The pawn shop had a glass front window facing Asher Avenue which apparently enabled the police to observe the appellant\u2019s business for a period of two weeks. What they observed is not known.\nIt was impossible for the officers, or anyone else situated across Asher Avenue, to observe the alleged bookmaking which was being conducted in the 6\u2019 x 6\u2019 concrete cubicle. All they could have seen was that the appellant was carrying on some sort of business in the pawn shop. Since there is no possible point of entry between the pawn shop in the short section of the building and the cubicle where the appellant was arrested, it is quite unlikely that the police observed any illegal activity whatsoever.\nThe results of the search warrant are not to be considered in determining the reasonableness for the issuance of the search warrant. As usual, there was a confidential informant. His information, coupled with verification by telephone by the police, was all that was furnished, apart from the telephone listing for the issuance of the search warrant.\nEven if there had been a proper foundation for the warrant, it was issued for the wrong \u00e1ddress. Therefore, the police had no right to search the 6\u2019 x 6\u2019 cubicle which faced the alley because it was neither a part of the pawn shop nor located at 6323 Asher Avenue.\nI am not particularly troubled by the holding of the court that there was probable cause for the issuance of a search warrant. It bothers me, however, that the majority fails to discern the difference in the address authorized to be searched and the place actually searched. Absent the appellant\u2019s invitation, the police had no right to search the cubicle where he allegedly operated a gambling house. Moreover, it is most difficult for me to visualize a gambling house operating in a 6\u2019 x 6\u2019 concrete cubicle which has no facilities for the accommodation of even one patron.\nMy greatest objection to this opinion is identical to that stated in the dissent in Thompson v. State, 298 Ark. 502, 769 S.W.2d 6 (1989). So far as I am concerned, you cannot make a gambling house out of a telephone booth. My real dissent is addressed to the law and the wrong interpretation this court has long given to it.", "type": "dissent", "author": "John I. Purtle, Justice," } ], "attorneys": [ "James L. Sloan, for appellant.", "Steve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen., by: J. Denhammcclendon, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Jimmy MILLER v. STATE of Arkansas\nCR 89-12\n770 S.W.2d 144\nSupreme Court of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered May 22, 1989\nJames L. Sloan, for appellant.\nSteve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen., by: J. Denhammcclendon, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." }, "file_name": "0002-01", "first_page_order": 26, "last_page_order": 31 }