{
  "id": 1881064,
  "name": "Leffel BROWN v. STATE of Arkansas",
  "name_abbreviation": "Brown v. State",
  "decision_date": "1990-12-10",
  "docket_number": "CR 90-150",
  "first_page": "98",
  "last_page": "101",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "304 Ark. 98"
    },
    {
      "type": "parallel",
      "cite": "800 S.W.2d 424"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ark.",
    "id": 8808,
    "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 34,
    "name_long": "Arkansas",
    "name": "Ark."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "292 Ark. 421",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1871399
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1987,
      "opinion_index": 0,
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        "/ark/292/0421-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "273 Ark. 94",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        8717615
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1981,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/273/0094-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "282 Ark. 56",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1740840
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1984,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/282/0056-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "302 Ark. 454",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1884227
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1990,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/302/0454-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
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    "simhash": "1:390580489cbf55f7",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:15:14.712931+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "Leffel BROWN v. STATE of Arkansas"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Steele Hays, Justice.\nAppellant seeks relief in this court from the trial court\u2019s refusal to sever two counts of aggravated robbery for separate trials.\nOn December 28,1988, appellant Leffel Brown was charged by information with two counts of attempted capital murder and two counts of aggravated robbery occurring on December 23, 1988. Appellant was also charged with being an habitual offender. Appellant moved to sever the charges and the state agreed to a severance of the two attempted capital murder charges but opposed trying the two aggravated robbery charges separately. The court denied the motion as to the robberies.\nAt trial, the jury found appellant guilty of one of the robberies but could not reach a verdict on the other. After hearing evidence of prior convictions, the jury imposed a sentence of sixty years and appellant appeals from the judgment of conviction.\nThe applicable rule is A.R.Cr.P. Rule 22.2, Severance of Offenses:\n(a) Whenever two or more offenses have been joined for trial solely on the ground that they are of the same or similar character and they are not part of a single scheme or plan, the defendant shall have a right to a severance of the offenses.\n(b) The court, on application of the prosecuting attorney, or on application of the defendant other than under subsection (1), shall grant a severance of offenses:\n(i) if before trial, it is deemed appropriate to promote a fair determination of the defendant\u2019s guilt or innocence of each offense; or\n(ii) if during trial, upon consent of the defendant, it is deemed necessary to achieve a fair determination of the defendant\u2019s guilt or innocence of each offense.\nUnder the rule, a defendant has a right to a severance when two or more offenses have been joined solely on the ground that they are of the same or similar character. Otherwise, granting or refusing a severance is within the discretion of the trial court. McEwen v. State, 302 Ark. 454, 790 S.W.2d 432 (1990).\nThe question is, were the two robberies joined solely because they were of the same character, or were they part of a single scheme or plan so as to justify denial of the severance request. We will uphold the trial court if we find these offenses are part of a single scheme or plan, or if both offenses require the same evidence. Jones v. State, 282 Ark. 56, 665 S.W.2d 876 (1984). Here, the denial of severance can be sustained on multiple grounds.\nWe addressed the issue of a single scheme or plan in Ruiz & Van Denton v. State, 273 Ark. 94, 617 S.W.2d 6 (1981), where a defendants\u2019 motion to sever two capital murder charges was denied. The defendants had kidnapped three individuals, murdered one of them and attempted to murder a second and left those two in the trunk of a car. The third individual was murdered thirteen to fourteen hours later and left in a wooded area in another county. That opinion states:\nThey argue that the offenses are not part of a single scheme or plan. That assertion is debatable, but whether they were part of a single p\u00edan or simply random, disconnected crimes is beside the point, because they constitute one criminal episode and when a series of acts are connected that is enough to give the state a right to join them in a single information. Rule 21.1. . . .\nRule 22.2, which appellants cite, gives an absolute right of severance when the offenses have been joined solely on the ground that they are of the same or similar character. Here, the offenses cannot be said to have been joined solely on that ground for reasons we have stated.\nSimilar arguments were presented and rejected in Parker v. State, 292 Ark. 421, 731 S.W.2d 756 (1987). Parker murdered two members of his ex-wife\u2019s family at their home, and attempted murder of a third. Later that day he kidnapped his ex-wife and shot a police officer. We held the trial court did not err in denying the defendant\u2019s motion to sever two counts of capital felony murder from two counts of attempted first degree murder, two counts of burglary, one count of kidnapping and one count of attempted capital murder.\nIn this case both robberies were of convenience stores located in Fort Smith, and were closely related in time \u2014 the first occurring about 11:20 p.m. and the second thirty minutes later. This proximity in time and place provides an ample base for denial of severance under our interpretation of Rule 22.2 in Ruiz, supra, and later cases.\nAdditionally, some of the state\u2019s proof was pertinent to both robberies \u2014 the officer who stopped appellant after the second robbery was reacting in part to a radio broadcast alerting the police to watch for the perpetrators of the first robbery. In order for the officer to explain why appellant was stopped it was necessary to prove the earlier robbery.\nFinding no error, we affirm the judgment.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Steele Hays, Justice."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "James R. Marschewski, for appellant.",
      "Steve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen., by; Clint Miller, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Leffel BROWN v. STATE of Arkansas\nCR 90-150\n800 S.W.2d 424\nSupreme Court of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered December 10, 1990\nJames R. Marschewski, for appellant.\nSteve Clark, Att\u2019y Gen., by; Clint Miller, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0098-01",
  "first_page_order": 130,
  "last_page_order": 133
}