{ "id": 1896972, "name": "Ron FULLER v. Jerry L. RUSSELL", "name_abbreviation": "Fuller v. Russell", "decision_date": "1992-11-16", "docket_number": "92-15", "first_page": "108", "last_page": "113", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "311 Ark. 108" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "842 S.W.2d 12" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "418 U.S. 323", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6173012 ], "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/418/0323-01" ] }, { "cite": "491 U.S. 657", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6218419 ], "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/491/0657-01" ] }, { "cite": "390 U.S. 727", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6178083 ], "year": 1968, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "728, 731, 732" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/390/0727-01" ] }, { "cite": "466 U.S. 485", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6202607 ], "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/466/0485-01" ] }, { "cite": "497 U.S. 1", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6212323 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/497/0001-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 466, "char_count": 8220, "ocr_confidence": 0.908, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.425074537709795e-08, "percentile": 0.516549420448837 }, "sha256": "c1b83fd9e16e62bbe9b996ad03445e5f6bf91eaa6a80a2d08ada6fccb4bad340", "simhash": "1:55477a0e3dfd5152", "word_count": 1291 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:22:33.473421+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Brown, J., not participating." ], "parties": [ "Ron FULLER v. Jerry L. RUSSELL" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Donald L. Corbin, Justice.\nThis appeal is from a libel action filed by appellee, Jerry L. Russell, against appellant, Ron Fuller. Appellee is a political consultant. In the 1990 Republican Primary, he was hired as a consultant to the campaign of Daryl Coker in Coker\u2019s race against appellant for a seat in the Arkansas General Assembly. As part of his consultation to the Coker campaign, appellee prepared and distributed a postcard comparing the two candidates in areas such as the decision to run for various legislative positions, community leadership, business management, and views on taxes. In response to this comparison postcard, Fuller prepared and distributed to approximately 500 voters the following written message which states in pertinent part:\nNEGATIVE CAMPAIGN ALERT\nWith less than one week remaining, my opponent, Daryl Coker has chosen to DISTORT my good record in a comparison mail piece. He and his hired Political Consultant \u201cMR. NEGATIVE\u201d Jerry Russell blatantly misrepresented the facts regarding my service to your community and my voting record. THE ONLY THING THEY GOT RIGHT WAS MY NAME!\nHELP ME SEND NEGATIVE CAMPAIGNERS A MESSAGE!\nI am not using a HIRED POLITICAL CONSULTANT, especially a NEGATIVE TACTICIAN such as Jerry Russell. Jerry is a Democratic Political Consultant and in this election cycle has (26 Democratic) candidates and (1 Republican), my opponent. Daryl has been mislead [sic] because DISTORTION and NEGATIVE campaigns are all Jerry Russell understands.\nLet\u2019s show Mr. Negative, Jerry Russell and my opponent that the people of Western Pulaski County will not be fooled by distortions and negative campaign tactics. VOTE FOR RON FULLER ON MAY 29TH.\nAppellee later filed suit against appellant, alleging appellant had libeled him as a result of the Negative Campaign Alert. Appellee claimed $10,000.00 in compensatory damages and $ 100,000.00 in punitive damages. Appellee tried his libel suit to a jury and received a verdict of $5,000.00 compensatory damages and $1,000.00 punitive damages. Judgment was entered according to the verdict. Appellant\u2019s motions for directed verdict and judgment notwithstanding the verdict were denied. This appeal followed.\nFor reversal of the judgment, appellant asserts three points of error. First, appellant claims his statements are ones of opinion rather than of provably false facts and are therefore protected speech. Second, appellant claims there is no substantial evidence from which the jury could have found actual malice. Third, appellant asserts there is no substantial evidence with reasonable certainty of damages to future income. We find merit to appellant\u2019s second argument and therefore reverse and dismiss the judgment; we need not address appellant\u2019s remaining two assignments of error.\nThe trial court found that appellee was a limited public figure. Neither party challenges that finding on appeal. Both parties agree that under Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 497 U.S. 1 (1990), because the alleged defamatory statements are a matter of public concern, appellee had the burdens of proving the alleged defamatory statements false and, by clear and convincing evidence, that appellant made them with actual malice. Thus, the posture of the case presented to us is one involving a limited public figure plaintiff against a non-media defendant in a matter of public concern, a local political race.\nAppellant maintains that his statements such as \u201cMr. Negative, Jerry Russell,\u201d \u201cnegative tactician,\u201d and \u201cdistortion and negative campaigns are all Jerry Russell understands\u201d are expressions of opinion made within the context of a political campaign or matter of public concern and are not provable as false. In other words, appellant claims these statements are \u201copinions\u201d of the kind protected in Milkovich, 497 U.S. 1. Appellant asserts there is only one statement in his \u201cNegative Campaign Alert\u201d that is not absolutely protected from the libel claim by the First Amendment:\nHe [Daryl Coker] and his hired Political Consultant \u201cMR. NEGATIVE\u201d Jerry Russell blatantly misrepresented the facts regarding my service to your community and my voting record.\nAppellant claims appellee never met his burden of proving the falsity of the foregoing statement or that the statement was made with actual malice. Appellee counters this argument with the assertion that he offered substantial evidence of the falsity of all the statements in the \u201cNegative Campaign Alert\u201d and of appellant\u2019s actual malice. We agree with appellant that appellee did not meet his burden of proving actual malice; therefore, we do not discuss the issue concerning protected speech as analyzed in Milkovich, 497 U.S. 1.\nFor purposes of addressing appellant\u2019s second argument then, our analysis is whether appellee met his burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that the statements were made with actual malice. Ordinarily, our standard of review would be whether the jury\u2019s verdict could be supported by substantial evidence. However, the Supreme Court has stated that when the First Amendment is involved, the appellate court is obligated to make an independent examination of the whole record to make'sure the judgment does not constitute a forbidden intrusion on the field of free expression. Bose Corp. v. Consumer\u2019s Union, 466 U.S. 485 (1984). Because appellant\u2019s First Amendment right to free expression is at stake, we apply the higher standard of review.\nIn an attempt to define the actual malice standard, the Supreme Court has stated as follows:\n[T]he plaintiff in such an action must prove that the defamatory publication \u201cwas made with \u2018actual malice\u2019 \u2014 that is, with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not.\u201d\nThese cases are clear that reckless conduct is not measured by whether a reasonably prudent man would have published, or would have investigated before publishing. There must be sufficient evidence to permit the conclusion that the defendant in fact entertained serious doubts as to the truth of his publication. Publishing with such doubts shows reckless disregard for truth or falsity and demonstrates actual malice.\nThe defendant in a defamation action brought by a public official cannot, however, automatically insure a favorable verdict by testifying that he published with a belief that the statements were true. The finder of fact must determine whether the publication was indeed made in good faith.\nSt. Amant v. Thompson, 390 U.S. 727, 728, 731, 732 (1968).\nThe question of whether the evidence in the record is sufficient to support a finding of actual malice is a question of law. Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton, 491 U.S. 657 (1989). Our review of the record reveals that appellant testified he believed his statements to be true. St. Amant instructs us that appellant\u2019s testimony that he believed he published the truth is of little consequence in making the actual malice determination. However, appellee simply failed to present any evidence of appellant\u2019s awareness of the probable falsity of the statements. Thus, we must conclude appellee failed to meet his burden of proving actual malice. The issue should never have reached the jury. We must reverse and dismiss for appellee\u2019s failure to prove actual malice.\nAppellee makes a claim for attorney\u2019s fees and costs in his brief. He cites no authority authorizing such an award and the abstract does not indicate he presented his request for fees and costs to the trial court. Moreover, the abstract does not reveal that appellee cross-appealed from any judgment on the issue of fees and costs. Therefore, we do not address appellee\u2019s claim for attorney\u2019s fees and costs.\nReversed and dismissed.\nBrown, J., not participating.\nAlthough St. Amant applies to a public official, it nevertheless discusses actual malice, a standard which was extended to apply to public figures and matters of public concern by Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323 (1974).", "type": "majority", "author": "Donald L. Corbin, Justice." } ], "attorneys": [ "Eichenbaum, Scott, Miller, Liles & Heister, P.A., by: Christopher O. Parker, for appellant.", "Jerry L. Russell, Pro Se." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "Ron FULLER v. Jerry L. RUSSELL\n92-15\n842 S.W.2d 12\nSupreme Court of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered November 16, 1992\nEichenbaum, Scott, Miller, Liles & Heister, P.A., by: Christopher O. Parker, for appellant.\nJerry L. Russell, Pro Se." }, "file_name": "0108-01", "first_page_order": 132, "last_page_order": 137 }