{ "id": 1914583, "name": "George HANKINS v. Larry McELROY, Individually, and d/b/a Mac's Auto Sales; and Lawyers Surety Corporation", "name_abbreviation": "Hankins v. McElroy", "decision_date": "1993-06-07", "docket_number": "92-1376", "first_page": "394", "last_page": "399", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "313 Ark. 394" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "855 S.W.2d 310" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "264 Ark. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1669014 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/264/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 16-60-103", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "Ark. Code Ann.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "285 Ark. 172", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1877717 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/285/0172-01" ] }, { "cite": "285 Ark. 397", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1877711 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/285/0397-01" ] }, { "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 23-112-601", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "Ark. Code Ann.", "weight": 2, "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "305 Ark. 449", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1916789 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/305/0449-01" ] }, { "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 23-112-302", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "Ark. Code Ann.", "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 23-112-603", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "Ark. Code Ann.", "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7\u00a7 23-112-101", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "Ark. Code Ann.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "305 Ark. 449", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1916789 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ark/305/0449-01" ] }, { "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 23-112-603", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "Ark. Code Ann.", "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 1 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 498, "char_count": 9713, "ocr_confidence": 0.922, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.6856411746737153e-07, "percentile": 0.6982544156049252 }, "sha256": "19decfaf1519c913a890d5334ceefa36ccd1f440385d6b4b0dca42455bcf1f53", "simhash": "1:6d6fc5c0d946a73d", "word_count": 1575 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:14:05.799320+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Holt, C.J., Newbern and Brown, JJ., dissent.", "Holt, C.J., and Newbern, J., join." ], "parties": [ "George HANKINS v. Larry McELROY, Individually, and d/b/a Mac\u2019s Auto Sales; and Lawyers Surety Corporation" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Donald L. Corbin, Justice.\nAppellant, George Hankins, appeals a judgment of the Pulaski Circuit Court, declaring that appellee, Lawyers Surety Corporation, is not liable on a bond it issued in favor of its principal, Larry McElroy d/b/a Mac\u2019s Auto Sales. We find error in the trial court\u2019s judgment and reverse.\nAppellant and McElroy are used car dealers licensed in accordance with the Arkansas Motor Vehicle Commission Act, Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7\u00a7 23-112-101 et. seq. (Repl. 1992). Appellant engaged in several business transactions with McElroy which are the subject of this case. Appellee Lawyers Surety Corporation (Lawyers) is the surety which issued a penal bond, naming McElroy as principal, in compliance with the motor vehicle dealer licensing statutes. See Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 23-112-603 (Repl. 1992).\nAppellant filed suit against McElroy alleging various allegations of fraud, conversion, and breach of contract relating to certain notes receivable as well as to the sales of a Camaro and a GMC truck. Appellant\u2019s complaint also included appellee Lawyers as a defendant and sought declaratory relief for payment under the bond Lawyers issued with McElroy as principal. Relying on Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 23-112-302 (Repl. 1992), appellant claimed he was entitled to payment under the bond because McElroy\u2019s actions were sufficient to warrant the suspension or revocation of McElroy\u2019s car dealer\u2019s license. Lawyers\u2019 answer admitted liability under the bond for the $2,115.00 in damages arising from the sales of the Camaro and the GMC truck.\nAppellant obtained a default judgment against McElroy for a total amount of $25,869.00, which includes $23,754.00 on the claims relating to the notes receivable, $ 1,000.00 on the claim for the Camaro, and $ 1,115.00 on the claim for the GMC truck. The default judgment also included court costs of $101.00 and an attorney\u2019s fee of $350.00. The judgment, costs, and fees were to bear 6 % interest. The trial court disposed of appellant\u2019s request for declaratory relief in an order entered separate from the default judgment. That order declared that the bond could not be used to satisfy appellant\u2019s judgment. This appeal followed.\nAppellant makes five arguments for reversal of the judgment. We do not reach the merits of the arguments. We must reverse and dismiss because appellant has not exhausted his administrative remedies. Arkansas Motor Vehicle Comm\u2019n v. Cantrell Marine, Inc., 305 Ark. 449, 808 S.W.2d 765 (1991).\nAfter July 1,1989, all regulatory authority of dealers of used motor vehicles was transferred from the Arkansas Motor Vehicle Commission to the Revenue Division of the Department of Finance and Administration (DF&A). Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 23-112-601 (Repl. 1992). The Reporter\u2019s Notes to section 23-112-601 indicate that all bonds posted by presently licensed used motor vehicle dealers were transferred from the Motor Vehicle Commission to the Revenue Division of DF &A, to be regulated in accordance with section 23-112-603. Thus, it is the licensing and bonding requirements of section 23-112-603 that are applicable to this case.\nSection 23-112-603 provides that an applicant for license as a motor vehicle dealer in used vehicles must file a corporate surety bond in the penal sum of $25,000.00, payable to the State of Arkansas as an indemnity for any loss sustained by any person by reason of the acts of the bonded person when such acts constitute grounds for the suspension or revocation of his license. Section 23-112-603 further provides that:\n[t]he proceeds of the bond shall be paid upon receipt by the Director of the Department of Finance and Administration of a final judgment from an Arkansas court of competent jurisdiction against the principal and in favor of an aggrieved party.\nAppellant has obtained a default judgment in his favor against McElroy. Thus, the quoted portion of section 23-112-603 provides him with an administrative remedy for seeking payment under the bond \u2014 presentment of the default judgment to the Director of DF&A.\nThe record does not reveal that appellant availed himself of this administrative remedy. Instead of presenting his judgment to the Director of DF & A, appellant sought declaratory relief in the circuit court. It is well established that litigants must exhaust their administrative remedies prior to seeking a declaratory judgment because declaratory judgment actions are intended to supplement rather than replace ordinary causes of action. Rehab Hosp. Serv. Corp. v. Delta-Hills Health Sys. Agency, Inc., 285 Ark. 397, 687 S.W.2d 840 (1985). Moreover, a basic rule of administrative procedure requires that an agency be given the opportunity to address a question before resorting to the courts. See Truck Transp. Inc. v. Miller Transporters, Inc., 285 Ark. 172, 685 S.W.2d 798 (1985). There is no doubt that seeking payment under the bond of a licensed dealer of used motor vehicles falls within the jurisdiction of DF&A. Section 23-112-603. Therefore, appellant should have availed himself of this administrative remedy and given DF&A an opportunity to address the issue presented to the circuit court for declaratory judgment. Clearly, this is the procedure the legislature intended to be followed when it delegated regulatory jurisdiction of used motor vehicle dealers to DF&A in Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7\u00a7 23-112-601 to -604 (Repl. 1992).\nWe are mindful of the exceptions to the exhaustion of remedies doctrine as restated in Cantrell Marine, 305 Ark. 449, 808 S.W.2d 765. There, this court noted that the exhaustion doctrine does not apply when it would be futile to pursue an administrative remedy or where there was no genuine opportunity to do so. As was the case in Cantrell Marine, we cannot say that either exception applies because the record does not indicate that appellant ever even attempted to pursue any administrative action. Here, there is no indication in the record that appellant ever presented the default judgment to DF&A and sought payment under the bond. Had DF&A denied appellant\u2019s request for payment under the bond, appellant could then have sought review of DF&A\u2019s actions by seeking judicial review in Pulaski County where state agencies are subject to suit pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 16-60-103 See Sikes v. General Publishing Co., 264 Ark. 1, 568 S.W.2d 33 (1978). Therefore, we cannot say there was no opportunity for appellant to seek his administrative remedy or that it would have been futile to do so.\nAccordingly, we hold appellant failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. We reverse and dismiss the judgment without prejudice to allow appellant to seek his administrative remedy before DF&A. Cantrell Marine, 305 Ark. 449, 808 S.W.2d 765.\nReversed and dismissed.\nHolt, C.J., Newbern and Brown, JJ., dissent.", "type": "majority", "author": "Donald L. Corbin, Justice." }, { "text": "Robert L. Brown, Justice,\ndissenting. I disagree that the appellant, George Hankins, has failed to exhaust an administrative remedy and would reach the merits.\nThe remedy referred to by the majority is found in a single sentence at the end of a section on license requirements:\nThe proceeds of the bond shall be paid upon receipt by the Director of the Department of Finance and Administration of a final judgment from an Arkansas court of competent jurisdiction against the principal and in favor of an aggrieved party.\nArk. Code Ann. \u00a7 23-112-603 (Repl. 1992).\nI have serious doubts that this one sentence is intended to provide an administrative remedy. For one thing, the sentence is unclear. Is the Director of DFA to conduct a hearing on the legitimacy of the payment or simply perform a ministerial act of noting the bond claim? The statute is vague on this point, all of which begs the question: What is the remedy that Hankins should have availed himself of?\nThe majority raises the administrative remedy point on its own. Neither party did so in their briefs. Indeed, at oral argument, both parties deemphasized the importance of DFA\u2019s role. Counsel for Hankins said the judgment was sent to DFA, though she admitted that this action was not part of the record. More importantly, though, counsel for Lawyers Surety Corporation admitted that DFA had adopted no rules defining its role related to bond payments and that, moreover, his experience with DFA in these proceedings is that it viewed itself merely as a \u201cconduit.\u201d The circuit court, in its findings, also noted that no DFA rule had been presented to him.\nIn sum, not only is the statute unclear as to DFA\u2019s role, but DFA itself, according to counsel for the surety, does not view its function as remedial.\nThe majority relies on Arkansas Motor Vehicle Comm\u2019n v. Cantrell Marine, Inc., 305 Ark. 449, 808 S.W.2d 765 (1991), but that case is distinguishable. There, Cantrell Marine was denied a motor vehicle dealer license by the Motor Vehicle Commission. It failed to pursue its clear administrative remedies before the Commission, and we held that lapse to be fatal to an appeal.\nIn the case at bar, however, whether an administrative remedy exists is questionable, DFA has promulgated no rules establishing procedures for pursuit of a remedy, and DFA views its role as a \u201cconduit\u201d in such matters. Not only would it have been futile for Hankins to request an administrative remedy from DFA, one apparently did not exist. This was a non-issue to the parties, and I disagree that the case should turn on this point.\nI respectfully dissent.\nHolt, C.J., and Newbern, J., join.", "type": "dissent", "author": "Robert L. Brown, Justice," } ], "attorneys": [ "Diana M. Moulding, for appellant.", "Taylor & Montgomery, by: Joel Taylor, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "George HANKINS v. Larry McELROY, Individually, and d/b/a Mac\u2019s Auto Sales; and Lawyers Surety Corporation\n92-1376\n855 S.W.2d 310\nSupreme Court of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered June 7, 1993\n[Rehearing denied July 5, 1993.]\nDiana M. Moulding, for appellant.\nTaylor & Montgomery, by: Joel Taylor, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0394-01", "first_page_order": 428, "last_page_order": 433 }