{ "id": 50377, "name": "David SPANN v. STATE of Arkansas", "name_abbreviation": "Spann v. State", "decision_date": "1997-05-12", "docket_number": "CR 96-733", "first_page": "509", "last_page": "515", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "328 Ark. 509" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "944 S.W.2d 537" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ark.", "id": 8808, "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 34, "name_long": "Arkansas", "name": "Ark." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "232 Ark. 300", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1694015 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1960, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/232/0300-01" ] }, { "cite": "837 S.W.2d 455", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "310 Ark. 423", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "309 Ark. 228", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1906098 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/309/0228-01" ] }, { "cite": "310 Ark. 384", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1898937 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/310/0384-01" ] }, { "cite": "324 Ark. 135", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 9158851 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/324/0135-01" ] }, { "cite": "325 Ark. 419", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 369279 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/325/0419-01" ] }, { "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 5-10-104", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "Ark. Code Ann.", "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(a)(1)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "296 Ark. 472", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1892786 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/296/0472-01" ] }, { "cite": "305 Ark. 112", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1916754 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/305/0112-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 Ark. 90", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1712442 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/269/0090-01" ] }, { "cite": "310 Ark. 419", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1898831 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/310/0419-01" ] }, { "cite": "325 Ark. 504", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 369271 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/325/0504-01" ] }, { "cite": "274 Ark. 215", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1755046 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/274/0215-01" ] }, { "cite": "929 S.W.2d 159", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 12020748 ], "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/326/0085-01" ] }, { "cite": "326 Ark. 85", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 12025216, 12020748 ], "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/326/0849-01", "/ark/326/0085-01" ] }, { "cite": "328 Ark. 442", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 50426 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "450" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/328/0442-01" ] }, { "cite": "Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 16-97-103", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "Ark. Code Ann.", "weight": 4, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(1)" }, { "page": "(1)" }, { "page": "(1)" }, { "page": "(1)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "251 Ark. 279", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1633329 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "289" }, { "page": "92" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/251/0279-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 612, "char_count": 10323, "ocr_confidence": 0.759, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.727620028054801e-07, "percentile": 0.8307221772389046 }, "sha256": "ea176d8acb67ba0ddd7abe349c4a4905f78d71430e076166169e6ffce65d65c5", "simhash": "1:d3ece94d77c8d982", "word_count": 1746 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:26:32.867281+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "David SPANN v. STATE of Arkansas" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Robert L. Brown, Justice.\nAppellant David Spann was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. He raises two points on appeal: (1) the trial court erred by allowing the prosecutor to inform the jury about parole eligibility in the penalty phase; and (2) the trial court erred in refusing to give an instruction on voluntary manslaughter. Both points are meritless, and we affirm.\nThe facts of this case were developed at trial. On February 21, 1995, Spann shot and killed Carl Ahrens in Spann\u2019s house in Perry County. According to Barbara Wilcutt, who lived with Spann at the time of the shooting, she heard Spann arguing with another man about whether one of Spann\u2019s sons, Jacob Spann, had stolen equipment from the man. She testified that she went downstairs and watched the argument. Spann, she stated, was mad and turned white. There was no physical fighting, and the man did not threaten Spann. Spann, though, got a shotgun from the gun rack and shot the man. After shooting him, Spann placed a pocketknife in the victim\u2019s hand. Sarah Lucker, Wilcutt\u2019s 12-year-old daughter, confirmed the fact that Ahrens had nothing in his hands when Spann shot him.\nFollowing the killing, Chief Deputy Ed Johnson of the Perry County Sheriffs Department responded to a call at 6:20 p.m. at the Spann residence. He collected the .410 single shot shotgun and found the opened pocketknife in the victim\u2019s hand. The victim also had a larger knife attached to his belt. According to a witness from the State Crime Lab, Ann Hoff, Ahrens was in close proximity to the shotgun when he was killed. Perry County Coroner Hank Bergen testified that the gunshot wound was to Ahrens\u2019s head and neck. Dr. William Sturner, chief medical examiner for the State, testified that both marijuana and alcohol were found in Ahrens\u2019s system.\nSpann did not testify at his trial, but a second son, David Spann, Jr., testified about seeing Ahrens in an agitated condition and stated that Ahrens was drunk. David Spann, Jr., stated that he called the sheriffs department at his father\u2019s direction after the shooting. In closing argument, Spann\u2019s counsel contended before the jury that Spann lacked the purpose to kill Ahrens and that the murder was the result of a passionate argument. The jury returned a verdict of guilty of first-degree murder and after the sentencing phase, sentenced Spann to life in prison.\nSpann first complains that the trial court erred in permitting a jury instruction relating to parole and transfer when either a sentence of life imprisonment or a term of years is meted out by the jury. Prior to trial, Spann moved the trial court to exclude jury instructions, evidence, and argument relating to parole and transfer eligibility. The motion was denied at an omnibus hearing. During the sentencing phase, the trial court instructed the jury on meritorious good time and transfer to community supervision and then answered \u201cNo\u201d to the jury\u2019s question about the possibility of parole after a life sentence.\nThe crux of Spann\u2019s argument on appeal is that this court announced a rule of evidence in 1971 when we held that it was improper for the trial court to inform the jury about transfer and parole eligibility. See Andrews v. State, 251 Ark. 279, 472 S.W.2d 86 (1971). Spann argues that the subsequent Act of the General Assembly permitting the same (Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 16-97-103(1) (Supp. 1995)) must bow to the mixed rule of evidence and procedure announced in Andrews v. State, supra. We disagree.\nWe have recently answered this precise question against Spann\u2019s position in the case of Travis v. State, 328 Ark. 442, 944 S.W.2d 96 (1997). In Travis, we concluded:\nSince the enactment of the criminal code, we have said that sentencing is controlled by statute. See Cody v. State, 326 Ark. 85, 929 S.W.2d 159 (1996); Easley v. State, 274 Ark. 215, 623 S.W.2d 189 (1981). Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 16-97-103(1) was enacted as part of Act 535 of 1993, where the General Assembly made changes in procedures governing jury trials by providing for separate consideration of guilt and sentencing. Among other things, Act 535 defines what is \u201cevidence relevant to sentencing,\u201d part of which includes parole eligibility.\nSimply put, Travis fails to cite to any express rule of this court with which Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 16-97-103(1) conflicts. Our holdings to which Travis cites were handed down prior to the enactment of Act 535 of 1993. Because of the deference this court has given to the General Assembly in matters pertaining to sentencing, see Cody, supra, and because Travis fails to cite an express rule of this court which conflicts with Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 16-97-103(1), we affirm as to this point.\nTravis v. State, 328 Ark. at 450, 944 S.W.2d at 99-100.\nSpann does quote the following language from our opinion in Andrews v. State, supra:\nThe subject matter [parole eligibility] is entirely alien to a judicial proceeding since it is handled entirely by another department of government, the executive.\nAndrews v. State, 251 Ark. at 289, 472 S.W.2d at 92. Yet, he makes no constitutional argument about separation of powers but, rather, centers his claim only on the asserted conflict between \u00a7 16-97-103(1) and the Andrews decision. This court resolved the latter issue in Travis v. State, supra. The point is without merit.\nFor his second point, Spann claims that the heated argument that ensued in the minutes prior to the shooting justified the proffered voluntary manslaughter instruction. The State counters that there was no rational basis for the instruction.\nIt is reversible error to refuse to give an instruction on a lesser included offense when the instruction is supported by even the slightest evidence. Brown v. State, 325 Ark. 504, 929 S.W.2d 146 (1996); Rainey v. State, 310 Ark. 419, 837 S.W.2d 453 (1992); Robinson v. State, 269 Ark. 90, 598 S.W.2d 421 (1980). We will affirm a trial court\u2019s decision to exclude an instruction on a lesser included offense only if there is no rational basis for giving the instruction. Brown v. State, supra; Sanders v. State, 305 Ark. 112, 805 S.W.2d 953 (1991). Henson v. State, 296 Ark. 472, 757 S.W.2d 560 (1988).\nThe elements of manslaughter set out in Spann\u2019s proffered instruction are that the defendant caused the death of another while \u201cunder the influence of extreme emotional disturbance of which there was a reasonable excuse.\u201d See also Ark. Code Ann. \u00a7 5-10-104(a)(1) (Repl. 1993). We have held that it is not error to refuse to give an instruction on manslaughter where there is no evidence of extreme emotional disturbance. Hill v. State, 325 Ark. 419, 931 S.W.2d 64 (1996); see also Cooper v. State, 324 Ark. 135, 919 S.W.2d 205 (1996). For example, in Allen v. State, 310 Ark. 384, 838 S.W.2d 346 (1992), we held that there was no rational basis for giving the manslaughter instruction where the appellant chased down the victim after the victim hit the car of the appellant\u2019s friend.\nSimilarly, in Frazier v. State, 309 Ark. 228, 828 S.W.2d 838 (1992), this court held that there was no rational basis for the manslaughter instruction where the proof was that the victim had teased the appellant for urinating on himself. The appellant had said that he was tired of the victim\u2019s \u201cmessing\u201d with him and that he was going to kill him. The appellant later shot the victim and continued to shoot at the victim as he ran away. Again, while there was proof of a lost temper, there was no proof of emotional disturbance.\nOn the other hand, in Rainey v. State, 310 Ark. 419, 837 S.W.2d 453 (1992), we reversed the appellant\u2019s conviction due to the failure of the trial court to give the requested manslaughter instruction. In Rainey, the appellant shot his lover during a heated argument in which the victim threatened to divulge their relationship to the appellant\u2019s wife and family. The appellant testified that he was hysterical and that he shot the victim out of anger after she reached for his gun and caused it to discharge. We concluded that this evidence was enough to warrant the manslaughter instruction. We stated:\nThe Frazier case is readily distinguishable from this one. Here, evidence indicated that Rainey had been threatened with a gun before the killing occurred which, combined with the ongoing argument and the threat to ruin his family relationship, could well have been considered by the jury to have caused him to suffer extreme emotional distress, especially when viewed from his perspective as the statute requires. There is a substantial difference between the emotional effect of being teased and being threatened with a gun.\nRainey v. State, 310 Ark. 423, 837 S.W.2d 455. We then quoted the following from an earlier decision:\nThe passion that will reduce a homicide from murder to manslaughter may consist of anger or sudden resentment, or of fear or terror; but the passion springing from any of these causes will not alone reduce the grade of the homicide. There must also be a provocation which induced the passion, and which the law deems adequate to make the passion irresistible. An assault with violence upon another who acts under the influence thereof maybe sufficient to arouse such passion.\nRainey v. State, 310 Ark. at 423, 837 S.W.2d at 455, quoting Wootton v. State, 232 Ark. 300, 337 S.W.2d 651 (1960).\nIn the present case, there was proof of intense anger on the part of Spann after the victim, who purportedly had been drinking, accused Spann\u2019s son of theft and demanded retribution from Spann. But there was no proof of provocation in the form of physical fighting, a threat, or a brandished weapon. Indeed, Spann\u2019s counsel at oral argument did not dispute the fact that Spann placed the pocketknife in Ahrens\u2019s hand after the shooting. Anger alone is not enough to support the element of extreme emotional disturbance. The trial court correctly refused to instruct on manslaughter under these facts.\nThe record has been reviewed for reversible error in accordance with Ark. Sup. Ct. R. 4-3(h), and none has been found.\nAffirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Robert L. Brown, Justice." } ], "attorneys": [ "William R. Simpson, Jr., Public Defender, by: Jeffrey A. Weber, for appellant.", "Winston Bryant, Att\u2019y Gen., by: J. Brent Standridge, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "David SPANN v. STATE of Arkansas\nCR 96-733\n944 S.W.2d 537\nSupreme Court of Arkansas\nOpinion delivered May 12, 1997\nWilliam R. Simpson, Jr., Public Defender, by: Jeffrey A. Weber, for appellant.\nWinston Bryant, Att\u2019y Gen., by: J. Brent Standridge, Asst. Att\u2019y Gen., for appellee." }, "file_name": "0509-01", "first_page_order": 535, "last_page_order": 541 }