{
  "id": 1887733,
  "name": "State v. Govan",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Govan",
  "decision_date": "1886-11",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "76",
  "last_page": "81",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "48 Ark. 76"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ark.",
    "id": 8808,
    "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 34,
    "name_long": "Arkansas",
    "name": "Ark."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "84 Ark., 56",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "35 Ark., 562",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    }
  ],
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:04:09.721792+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "State v. Govan."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Cockrill, C. J.\nGovan, who had been county treasurer of Lee county, was indicted for embezzling funds that came to his possession by virtue of his official employment, There were several counts in the indictment though only one offense was intended to be charged. The first count was for converting the funds to his own use; the second, for using them for his private purpose, and a third, for permitting them to be used in the mercantile business of B. M. Govan & Co., a copartnership composed of B. M. Govan and another. The indictment conformed to the language of the statute as to each of these specifications. There was no allegation that a settlement of Govan\u2019s accounts as treasurer had been made by the county court, or that he had failed or omitted to pay an amount found due from him as treasurer by the court, and the indictment was dismissed upon demurrer.\ni. indict-embezzle-m \u00a9 n t by offi-\nThe prosecution is under the act of July 9, 1868, as amended February 20,1883. The first section of the original act is as follows : \u201cEvery officer of the state, city, county or township, wbo is or has been employed in the collection of the public revenue, or who has any public funds in his hands, and who has converted to his own use or otherwise misapplied any part of the money or funds collected by him, or which may have come to his possession by virtue of his employment, and every such officer who shall fail or omit to pay the amount due from him upon settlement directed in this act by the judges of the county court, shall, on conviction, be fined not lees than $500, and be imprisoned in the penitentiary not less than one year, nor more than five.\u201d Gantt\u2019s Digest, sec. 1371.\nThe subsequent sections confer upon the county courts the power to cause settlements to be made by officers holding the public revenue, and make it the duty of the court, or its clerk, to report to the grand jury any unpaid balance that is found due from any such officer; and the grand jury is directed to investigate the matter, and to indict the officer for embezzlement if the facts justify it.\nThe amendment, or rather the act as amended, is entitled, \u201cAn act for the better protection of the public revenue,\u201d and is as follows: \u201cEvery officer of the state, county, city, incorporated town or township, who has taken an oath of office, as required by law, employed in the collection of the public revenue, or who may have any public funds in his \u2022 hands, who shall convert the same to his own use, or use it in any manner for his private purposes, or shall loan, or permit any other person to use, or otherwise misapply, any part of the money or funds so collected by him, or which may have come to his possession by virtue of his employment, and every such officer who shall fail or omit to pay the amount found due by him upon settlement, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned in the penitentiary not less than five (5) nor more than twenty-one years (21) years.\u201d Mansfield\u2019s Digest, sec. 1643.\nPrior to the passage of this amendment it had been ruled by this court in Huunicut\u2019s case, in 35 Ark., 562, that that portion of the act which declares that \u201cevery officer who shall fail or omit to pay the amount found due by him upon setttlement, shall be guilty of a felony,\u201d did not of itself create an offense. It was there declared that \u25a0an indictment under the original act which alleged a settlement of the officer\u2019s accounts by the county court, and a failure by him to comply therewith, but which charged no misapplication of the funds, charged no offense. There is nothing in the amendment to affect this construction.\nThe question now is whether the misapplication without the judicial ascertainment of a balance due, is an offense.\nWe think the ease above quoted answers the question in the negative. The clause of the statute relative to the settlement and failure to pay the amount found due, must be read as coupled with each of those that precede it, otherwise, according to that case, it is left without force in the statute. The phrase, \u201cevery such officer,\u201d in this clause must refer then to one of the officers named, who has converted the public funds to his own use, used them for his private purpose, permitted others to so use them, or misapplied them in some other manner.\nIt would certainly be competent for the legislature to make it embezzlement for any officer to use public funds in his private business, or to misappropriate them in any way, whether he should afterwards settle his accounts or not. But the purpose of this act seems to have been to protect the revenue, as the title of the amendment declares, rather than to punish the offender. ,\nOther enactments provide for removal from office and the recovery of penalties for any misuse of the public funds, whether they are restored by the officer or not. (Mansfield's Digest, secs. 5892, 5853.) But the evident design of the statute against embezzlement is to give the delinquent the opportunity to escape the severer penalty by reimbursing the public, in compliance with the order of the court that settles his accounts before prosecution is begun against him.\nThe indictment was defective in not alleging a settlement of the treasurer\u2019s accounts, by the county court, and a failure-by him to pay over the amount found due.\nThe judgment is affirmed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Cockrill, C. J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Dan W. Jones, Attorney-General, for appellant.",
      "John M. Hewitt and P. D. McColloch, Jr., for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "State v. Govan.\nObimiral Law : Embezzlement by public officer. Indictment.\nAn indictment against a county treasurer for embezzlement of public-funds, must allege a settlement of his accounts by the county court, and a failure by him to pay over the amount found due.\nAPPEAL from Lee Circuit Court.\nHon. M. T. Sanders, Judge.\nDan W. Jones, Attorney-General, for appellant.\nThe appellee was indicted under section 1648, Mansfield\u2019s Digest. The indictment fulfills every requirement of the said statute, but a demurrer to it was sustained because no ofiense was charged, and because the money was not sufficiently described.\nThe statute above cited certainly makes the acts charged an ofiense, and the statute is accurately followed by the indictment. The grand jury alleging that a more definite description of the money was not given, because unknown to them, covered any deficiency in that respect. 8 Bish. Grim. Pro., sec. 705.\nJohn M. Hewitt and P. D. McColloch, Jr., for appellee.\nThe several charges against the defendant in the indictment are as follows:\nFirst Count. \u2014 \u201cThat he did misapply and convert to his own use the sum of $6959.18 of United States currency, of said public funds, belonging to the county of Lee aforesaid, a more particular description of said public funds being to the grand jury unknown,\u201d etc.\nSecond Count. \u2014 \u201cThat he did use the said sum of $5147.18 of United States currency for his private purpose, a further and more particular description of said public funds being to the grand jury unknown,\u201d etc.\nThird Count. \u2014 \u201cThat he did permit B. M. Govan and Sam Rothholz, merchants, doing business under the firm name of B M. Govan & Co., to use the said $5147.18, a further description of said funds being to the grand jury unknown,\u201d etc.\nDefendant interposed a demurrer:\nFirst \u2014 Because the indictment does not set forth facts sufficient to constitute a public ofiense.\nSecond \u2014 Because the indictment fails to describe the funds sufficiently.\nThe circuit court sustained the demurrer, and the state appeals.\nEach of the three counts attempts to charge the same offense, and under the same statute.\nConceding that the defendant did do everything charged against him, in each and every count, it would not be sufficient to charge the offense of embezzlement under the statute.\nSuppose the treasurer did use $6958.18 of the public funds in his own private speculations, yet, when called on for the money by warrantor ordered to pay over by court, the money is forthcoming? Would that be embezzlement under the statute? The law clearly provides elsewhere for such an offense. See Mansfield\u2019s Digest, sec. 5853.\nThis statute was framed, not to punish the officer for using or loaning the funds, but to punish him, as & felon, for \u2018 failing or omitting to pay over what is found due by him on settlement,\u201d after having converted the funds.\n\u201cThe failure to pay over the money found due, etc., is, without a good or satisfactory reason, evidence in proof of a conversion,\u201d etc. State v. Hunnicut, 84 Ark., 56%.\nAn indictment to be good under this statute must charge, in addition to the conversion, & failure or omission to pay the amount found due by him on settlement; it must charge, in addition to the conversion, that a settlement was had ; that the amount was found.due; an order was made; and that the officer failed or omitted to pay over. Henry Wood v. State, 4V Ark., 488.\nThe indictment does not sufficiently describe the funds, nor does it allege the value of the funds. The court will not take judicial knowledge of the value. State v. Thompson, 4% Ark., 517."
  },
  "file_name": "0076-01",
  "first_page_order": 80,
  "last_page_order": 85
}