{
  "id": 609394,
  "name": "Keller v. Lewis",
  "name_abbreviation": "Keller v. Lewis",
  "decision_date": "1898-11-05",
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  "analysis": {
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:01:07.391732+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "Keller v. Lewis."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Bunn, C. J.,\n(after stating the facts). The defendant asked the following instruction, which was refused by the court: \u201c9. A physician is responsible for 'want of ordinary care and skill and this too, whether his services are given gratuitously or not. But in this case, if plaintiff hnew defendant was going away, and the services of the defendant were given gratuitously, he could only be held responsible for such treatment as he administered personally, and cannot be held for any negligence or want of shill in Dr. Minor.\" The sentence we have italicised is the only one demanding our consideration. The employment of Dr. Minor constituted an independent contract, and Er. Keller is not responsible for his ^negligence or want of skill. Myers v. Holborn, 33 Atl. Rep. 389; Hitchcock v. Burgett, 38 Mich. 501. The error is a material one, for we cannot say how far it may have influenced the jury in arriving at the verdict on the whole case. There are other minor errors in instructions, but they are not prejudicial.\nFurthermore, without intending to express any opinion as to whether there is evidence to justify a verdict for some amount or not, the verdict is manifestly excessive in amount, evincing passion or prejudice in the jury, or else that they did not understand the court\u2019s instructions as to the damages they were to inquire into.\nFor the errors named, the judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Bunn, C. J.,"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Gockrill & GochriTl, for appellant.",
      "Wood <& Henderson, for appellees.",
      "Gochrill & Gochrill, for appellant, in reply."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Keller v. Lewis.\nOpinion delivered November 5, 1898.\nPhysician and Surgeon \u2014 Negligence.\u2014A surgeon who, on being called upon to treat a patient, informed him that he would be absent for two weeks, and that another surgeon named would attend to his cases in his absence, will not be responsible for the latter\u2019s negligence or want of skill in treating the patient during such absence, if there was' no business relation between the two surgeons. (Page 580).\nAppeal from Hot Spring circuit court.\nAlexander M. Dueeie, Judge.\nSTATEMENT BY THE COURT.\nThe appellee sued the appellant for damag\u00e9s in negligently treating a broken arm of his-son, for whom he sued.\nThe son, Lawrence B. Lewis, a boy 13 years old, fell and dislocated and otherwise injured an arm, and on the next day was carried from their home in the country, seven or eight miles, to Hot Springs to procure the services of a surgeon. He first sought Dr. Thompson, and, failing to find him, reached Dr. Keller\u2019s office, and Dr. Keller, informing him that he would leave that day, and be gone two or three weeks, .and that in his absence Dr. Minor would attend his cases,\"; proceeded to dress the wounded arm and shoulder, the same being so much swollen as to prevent an examination at the time. It was not shown that Dr. Keller and Dr. Minor sustained any business relations toward each other. There is a conflict of the testimony as to what directions Dr. Keller gave the parents of the boy at the time Dr. Minor was present, but the suit was against Dr. Keller alone. The case was such that, if there was negligence at all, it may have consisted either in misdirections of Dr. Keller, or in a failure to carry them out by the parents, or in the refusal of Dr. Minor to examine the wound when the boy was brought to ~lrim as directed by Dr. Keller, preferring to await the return^of .the latter.\nUnder this state of things, it became necessary for the defendant to ask an instruction defining his responsibility for anything Dr. Minor may have done in the matter. This much of the facts will explain the opinion which follows.\nThe jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of $2,000.\nGockrill & GochriTl, for appellant.\nThe testimony did not warrant the verdict. If a physician\u2019s unskilful treatment results in no injury, no recovery can be had against him. Whart. Neg.- \u00a7 736. Experts testifying as to matters not known to laymen are to be taken as correct. 78 Fed. 442, 444. There is no evidence that pain, suffering or injury resulted from defendant\u2019s treatment or advice. 78 Fed. 442, 444; 176 Pa. St. 181, 206. The plaintiff, having failed to comply with appellant\u2019s instructions, can not recover. Peering, Neg. \u00a7 235. Recommending a physician does not make one liable for his negligence. 38 Mich. 501. The statement of plaintiff that appellant told him not to return under eight days is disproved, and is too improbable for belief. 84 Fed. 935, 938. A new trial should be granted because the verdict is so clearly against the weight of the evidence as to shock the sense of justice. 34 Ark. 632; 2 Ark. 360; 5 Ark. 407; 6 Ark. 428; 10 Ark. 138; ib. 638; ib. 491; 26 id. 369; 39 Ark. 491. The court erred in refusing to allow the expert, Dr. Steele, to express his opinion as to cause of the then condition of the plaintiff\u2019s arm. 1 Suth. Dam. \u00a7 441. Thei\u2019third instruction given for appellee was erroneous (45 Ark. 256, 263); as were, also, the fourth and fifth. The standard of reasonable care and skill is that ordinarily exercised by others in the same profession or calling. 48 Am. Dec. 482, note; 66 N. W. 894; S. C. 70 N. W. 750; 40 S. W. 261. A physician or surgeon^ attending gratuitously is liable for gross negligence only. 2 Sh. & Red. Neg. \u00a7 604. The tenth instruction for appellee is erroneous, in that it tells the jury that if they find for the plaintiff at all, they \u201cwill\u201d take mental pain and suffering into consideration in estimating the damages. This instruction is not hypothetical. 14 Ark. 530; 31 Ark. 684, 689; 52 Ark. 45; 33 Ark. 350; 24 Ark. 540; 61 Ark. 155, 156. The verdict is excessive.\nWood <& Henderson, for appellees.\nThe evidence clearly supports the verdict. The instructions of the court were correct. It was correct to tell the jury that reasonable care was to be measured according to the surroundings and facilities of the physician. 18 L. R. A. 627; 14 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, 76 \u2014 78 and eases. The seventh instruction is law. 14 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, 81.\nGochrill & Gochrill, for appellant, in reply.\nThe plaintiff\u2019s failure to follow the surgeon\u2019s instructions bars his recovery. Deering, Neg. \u00a7 235; 35 N.E. 521; 95 Ind. 376. The appellant did not undertake to give appellee all the treatment required, and hence he is not liable for any neglect of the physician subsequently called in. 33 Atl. 389; 53 Ark. 503; 13 So. 638; 9 O. C. A. 14; S.' C. 60 Fed. 365; 28 N. E. 266; 120 Mass. 432; 38 Mich. 501. The plaintiff\u2019s complaint is in' tort, and can not be sustained by proof of the violation of a contract. 84 Md. 363, 381; 5 Watts, 355."
  },
  "file_name": "0578-01",
  "first_page_order": 594,
  "last_page_order": 597
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