{
  "id": 1333982,
  "name": "Braddock v. Wertheimer",
  "name_abbreviation": "Braddock v. Wertheimer",
  "decision_date": "1900-11-17",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "423",
  "last_page": "426",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "68 Ark. 423"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ark.",
    "id": 8808,
    "name": "Arkansas Supreme Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 34,
    "name_long": "Arkansas",
    "name": "Ark."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "28 Vt. 175",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Vt.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "20 Vt. 500",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Vt.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "27 Vt. 539",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Vt.",
      "case_ids": [
        740313
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/vt/27/0539-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "13 Vt. 93",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Vt.",
      "case_ids": [
        11266932
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/vt/13/0093-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "10 Humph. 37",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Hum.",
      "case_ids": [
        11265992
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/tenn/29/0037-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "3 Yerg.' 330",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Yer.",
      "case_ids": [
        8542930
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/tenn/11/0330-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "104 Pa. St. 330",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Pa.",
      "case_ids": [
        452167
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/pa/104/0330-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "2 N. Y. 227",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.Y.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "24 Wend. 35",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Wend.",
      "case_ids": [
        2155244
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/wend/24/0035-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "15 Wend. 502",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Wend.",
      "case_ids": [
        2018883
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/wend/15/0502-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "56 N. H. 34",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.H.",
      "case_ids": [
        1803637
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nh/56/0034-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "61 Mo. 409",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Mo.",
      "case_ids": [
        943694
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/mo/61/0409-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "56 Mo. 276",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Mo.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "71 Mo. 91",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Mo.",
      "case_ids": [
        451559
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/mo/71/0091-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "2 Sm. & M. 147",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "S. & M.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "111 Ind. 308",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ind.",
      "case_ids": [
        1353670
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ind/111/0308-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "70 Ind. 274",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ind.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "69 Ind. 356",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ind.",
      "case_ids": [
        1933279
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ind/69/0356-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "21 Oh. St. 86",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio St.",
      "case_ids": [
        885657
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ohio-st/21/0086-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "58 Ga. 54",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ga.",
      "case_ids": [
        583776
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ga/58/0054-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "7 Conn. 523",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Conn.",
      "case_ids": [
        6753768
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/conn/7/0523-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "4 Day, 444",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Day",
      "case_ids": [
        6753702
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/day/4/0444-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "59 Ark. 91",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "31 Oh. St. 15",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio St.",
      "case_ids": [
        899954
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ohio-st/31/0015-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "19 Oh. St. 551",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio St.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "9 Ark. 233",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        8727238
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/9/0233-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "60 Ark. 342",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "60 Ark. 87",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "58 Ark. 389",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "58 Ark. 373",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "4 Mich. 450",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Mich.",
      "case_ids": [
        1930354
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/mich/4/0450-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "14 Vt. 147",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Vt.",
      "case_ids": [
        2351790
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/vt/14/0147-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "20 Wis. 410",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Wis.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "61 Ark. 329",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1902357
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/61/0329-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "47 Ark. 54",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1888763
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/47/0054-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "46 Ark. 66",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "44 Ark. 213",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1893412
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/44/0213-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "40 Ark. 423",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1897071
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/40/0423-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "25 Ark. 261",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1864507
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/25/0261-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "22 Ark. 125",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        8725799
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/22/0125-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "6 Ark 142",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        8726785
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/6/0142-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "3 Ark. 96",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        8728297
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/3/0096-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "35 N. W. 644",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.W.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "30 Hun, 226",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Hun,",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "5 Cal. 138",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Cal.",
      "case_ids": [
        2275673
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/cal/5/0138-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "13 Cal. 179",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Cal.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "12 Gray, 260",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Gray",
      "case_ids": [
        2086123
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/mass/78/0260-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "8 Cush. 156",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Cush.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "50 Cal. 254",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Cal.",
      "case_ids": [
        2318179
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/cal/50/0254-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "13 Cal. 579",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Cal.",
      "case_ids": [
        2217646
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/cal/13/0579-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "16 Cal. 152",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Cal.",
      "case_ids": [
        2279223
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/cal/16/0152-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "10 la. 193",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Iowa",
      "case_ids": [
        8664607
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/iowa/10/0193-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "23 Minn. 485",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Minn.",
      "case_ids": [
        549748
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/minn/23/0485-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "104 N. Y. 441",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.Y.",
      "case_ids": [
        2206843
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ny/104/0441-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "5 Hill, 634",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Hill,",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "11 Oh. St. 188",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio St.",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "52 Pa. St. 525",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Pa.",
      "case_ids": [
        1002196
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/pa/52/0525-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "4 Oh. St. 263",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio St.",
      "weight": 2,
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "2 Ohio, 431",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio",
      "opinion_index": -1
    },
    {
      "cite": "14 Oh. St. 246",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio St.",
      "case_ids": [
        523032
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ohio-st/14/0246-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "10 Ark. 169",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        8727493
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/10/0169-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "59 Ark. 86",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        1327730
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/59/0086-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "24 Ark. 517",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "4 Ark. 76",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ark.",
      "case_ids": [
        8728347
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ark/4/0076-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "26 Ohio St. Rep. 330",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio St.",
      "case_ids": [
        891310
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ohio-st/26/0330-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "19 Ohio St. Rep. 551",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio St.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "31 Oh. St. 15",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ohio St.",
      "case_ids": [
        899954
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ohio-st/31/0015-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
    "cardinality": 499,
    "char_count": 6770,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.528,
    "pagerank": {
      "raw": 1.1754652416383393e-07,
      "percentile": 0.5874153280751118
    },
    "sha256": "26e675a6f1e4f9bd0c4a3a1b27930d8443069bf3931c91a157d791ae3ace6a05",
    "simhash": "1:afc6d9607581cc6e",
    "word_count": 1233
  },
  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:45:47.755579+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Bunn, C. J., dissents."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "Braddock v. Wertheimer."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Battle, J.\nOn the 4th of September, 1890, at Mount Vernon, Ohio, W. H. Mitchell, executed to John S. Braddock' three promissory notes, each for the sum of one hundred dollars, payable to the order of Braddock at his office in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, and due, respectively, in two, three and four years after date. Subsequently, and before the maturity of the notes, Braddock sold and assigned them to M. Wertheimer, and indorsed upon each of them a guaranty as follows: \u201cI assign the within notes to M. Wertheimer, and guaranty collection and payment thereof when due. [Signed] J. S. Braddock.\u201d Mitchell did not pay the notes. On the 4th of April, 1898, Wertheimer instituted an action on the guaranties on these notes before T. W. Wilson, a justice of the peace of Pulaski county, and recovered judgment. Braddock appealed to the circuit court, where judgment was rendered against him; and he appealed to this court.\nThe appellee, to sustain his action, read as evidence, on the trial, the notes and guaranties sued on; and also read as evidence, over the objection of appellant, Clay v. Edgerton, 19 Ohio St. Rep. 551, Neil v. Board, 31 Ohio St. Rep. 15, and Kautzman v. Weirick, 26 Ohio St. Rep. 330, to prove that, according to the laws of Ohio, no demand by appellee upon Mitchell, the maker of the notes, for payment thereof, and notice to Braddock of the non-payment, were necessary to render appellant liable for the payment of the notes.\n\u201cThe appellant testified that, shortly after he got the notes from Mitchell, he went to appellee and negotiated the notes to him, and wrote the following indorsement on the notes: \u2018I assign the within note to M. Wertheimer, and guaranty the collection thereof when due.\u2019 Appellee then asked that he be permitted to exhibit said indorsement to his lawyer for advice, which appellant agreed to, and returned with said notes, saying that his lawyer advised that the words \u2018and payment\u2019 should be inserted in said indorsement after the word \u2018collection\u2019 and before the word \u2018thereof,\u2019 and thereupon appellant interlined the \u25a0said word as requested, and appellee then accepted the notes.\u201d\nThe reading of the opinions of the supreme court of Ohio as evidence was not prejudicial to appellant; for, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, the presumption is that the common law is in force in Ohio.\nThe only qnestion in the case which demands serious consideration is, was appellant, according to common law, discharged from liability upon his guaranties by any failure of .appellee fro demand payment of the\u2019 notes by Mitchell, and to give notice to Braddock of the non-payment? According to the decisions of this court, he was not. The guaranty of the appellant was absolute. Nothing was necessary to be done to fix the liability of Mitchell, the maker of the notes. The rule \u25a0is that demand and notice are not necessary to hold the guarantor of a debt liable where nothing remains to be done on the part of the guarantee to perfect his rights as against the principal \u2014 the maker of the notes in this case. In such cases his undertaking is not treated or considered as a collateral liability, but as a primary and positive agreement, by which he binds himself to see that the principal debt is paid. Lane v. Levillian, 4 Ark. 76; Killian v. Ashley, 24 Ark. 517; Friend v. Smith Gin Co. 59 Ark. 86; Read v. Cutts, 7 Greenleaf, 186, marginal page.\nJudgment affirmed.\nBunn, C. J., dissents.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Battle, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Be B. Bradshaw and JS. B. Braddock, for appellant.",
      "Cantrell & Loughborough, for appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Braddock v. Wertheimer.\nOpinion delivered November 17, 1900.\nPromissory Note \u2014 Guaranty.\u2014Demand, and notice are not necessary to hold the guarantor of a note liable where nothing remains to be done on the part of the guarantee to perfect his rights as against the maker of the note, the guarantor\u2019s liability being absolute and not collateral. (Page 425.)\nAppeal from Pulaski Circuit Court.\nJoseph W. Martin, Judge.\nBe B. Bradshaw and JS. B. Braddock, for appellant.\nIn the absence of proof to the contrary, the presumption is that the common law prevails in a sister state. 10 Ark. 169. The best evidence of the statutes of Ohio would have been the statutes themselves. Sand. & H. Dig., \u00a7 2875. The usual and best mode to prove the unwritten laws, customs or usages of a foreign state is by introducing some one familiar therewith. 1 Gr. Ev. \u00a7 488. The demurrer should have been sustained. Demand and notice were necessary. 14 Oh. St. 246; 2 Ohio, 431; 2 Dan. Neg. Inst. \u00a7 1753; 4 Oh. St. 263. As to what constitutes a guaranty, see: 3 Kent\u2019s Comm. 121; Dan. Neg. Inst. \u00a7 1753; 2 Pars. B. & N. 117. A guarantor\u2019s liability is only secondary. 52 Pa. St. 525; 11 Oh. St. 188. For distinctions between liability of guarantors and that of sureties or joint makers, see: 2 Dan. Neg. Inst. \u00a7 1753; 2 Rand. Comm. Pap. 849. A guarantor\u2019s contract is to be strictly construed) and any variation will discharge him. Rand. Comm. Pap. \u00a7 852; 5 Hill, 634; 104 N. Y. 441. On a guaranty of \u201ccollection\u201d of a note, notice of default is necessary to bind the guarantor. Fed. Cas. No. 4909; 19 N. Car. 222; 23 Minn. 485; 10 la. 193; 16 Cal. 152. And, to the extent of his damage, the guarantor is discharged by failure of such notice. 13 Cal. 579; 50 Cal. 254; 8 Cush. 156; 12 Gray, 260. Even guaranties of \u201cpayment\u201d of notes are often held conditional upon proper demand and notice. 19 N. Car. 222; 13 Cal. 179; 5 Cal. 138. Appellee\u2019s recovery is precluded by his laches. 30 Hun, 226; 35 N. W. 644; 9 Am. & Eng. Ene. Law, 799. The Ohio decisions introduced in evidence are not applicable.\nCantrell & Loughborough, for appellant.\nThe lex loci governs as to the validity, nature, interpretation and effect of contracts of guaranty. 3 Ark. 96; 6 Ark 142; 22 Ark. 125; 25 Ark. 261; 40 Ark. 423; 44 Ark. 213; 46 Ark. 66; 47 Ark. 54; 61 Ark. 329; 20 Wis. 410; 14 Vt. 147; 4 Mich. 450. The objection to the competency and sufficiency of the Ohio decisions, introduced in evidence, comes too late, not having been specified on the trial. 58 Ark. 373; 58 Ark. 389; 60 Ark. 87; 60 Ark. 342; 9 Ark. 233. As to what was the lex loci: 19 Oh. St. 551; 31 Oh. St. 15; 4 Oh. St. 263; 14 Oh. St. 246. Notice was not necessary, upon general principles of law irrespective of the lex loci. 59 Ark. 91; Bay-lies, Sur. & Guar. 200; 1 Brandt, Sur. & Guar. 199; 4 Day, 444; 7 Conn. 523; 58 Ga. 54; 68 111. 604; 79 111. 63; 21 Oh. St. 86; 10 la. 193; 69 Ind. 356; 70 Ind. 274; 111 Ind. 308; 1 Duval, 83; 2 Sm. & M. 147; 71 Mo. 91; 56 Mo. 276; 61 Mo. 409; 56 N. H. 34; 15 Wend. 502; 10 J. & S. 517; 24 Wend. 35; 2 N. Y. 227; 104 Pa. St. 330; 1 Rich. Law, 281; 3 Yerg.\u2019 330; 10 Humph. 37; 13 Vt. 93; 27 Vt. 539; 20 Vt. 500; 28 Vt. 175; 3 Primey, 443; ib. 452. For the rule of construction of absolute guaranties, see: 14 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law (2d. Ed.) 1143; 2 Dan. Neg. Inst. \u00a7 1781."
  },
  "file_name": "0423-01",
  "first_page_order": 441,
  "last_page_order": 444
}