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    "parties": [
      "Haley v. State."
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    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Wood; J.\nThe appellant was convicted of the crime of rape. The court permitted evidence of the dying declarations of the victim of the alleged assault to go to the jury. The Attorney General confesses that the trial court erred in its ruling. This presents the only question for our consideration. The confession of error must be sustained. \u201cDying declarations,\u201d says the Supreme Court of Alabama, \u201caccording to the unbroken current of modern authorities, are admissible only in cases of homi-cide, when death, with the circumstances attendant on it, and the guilty agent in producing it, is the subject of inquiry.\u201d Johnson v. State, 50 Ala. 459; Greenleaf on Ev. (15 ed.), \u00a7 156; Wigmore on Ev. (3 ed., Bowlby), \u00a7 1432. We have no statute making the dying declarations of a victim of rape admissible as evidence. In the absence of such statute, it was error to admit them in the case at bar. It is not shown that the declarations were of the res gestae. The judgment is therefore reversed, and the cause is remanded for a new trial.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Wood; J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "/. H. Bowen, for appellant.",
      "Hal L,. Norwood, ikttorney General, and William H. Rector, Assistant, for appellee."
    ],
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    "head_matter": "Haley v. State.\nOpinion delivered June 5, 1911.\nRape \u2014 dying declarations. \u2014 In a prosecution for rape dying declarations of the alleged victim, not shown to be part of res gestae, are inadmissible.\nAppeal from Perry Circuit Court; Robert /. Lea, Judge;\nreversed.\n/. H. Bowen, for appellant.\nThe admission of the declaration of Florence Brown was erroneous because by reason of her infancy she was not a competent witness and there was no showing that she had conception of the legal and moral obligation of an oath. 1 Greenleaf on Evidence (15 ed.), 504, \u00a7 367; Bradner on Evidence (2 ed.) 135, \u00a7 5; 10 Cal. 66; 28 La. Ann. 327; 10 Mich. 374; 23 Minn. 108; 68 Mo. 206; 16 S. E. (W. Va.) 803; 42 Pac. 555; 3 S. W. 757; 11 S. W. 409; 14 S. W. 760733 S. W. 809 ; 35 S. W. 174. And especially was it inadmissible because dying declarations are admissible in homicide cases only where the death of the deceased is the subject of the charge, and the circumstances of the death are the subject of the dying declaration. Bradner on Ev. (2 ed.) 450, \u00a7 10; Greenleaf on Ev. (15 ed.) 224, \u00a7 156; 21 Cyc. 98.1; 32 So. 183; 16 B. Mon. 15; 71 Ga. 128; 110 Pa. 100; 15 Johns. 280; 165 Mass. 174; 47 N. C. 41; 47 Mo. 239; 17 Ala. 587; 94 Cal. 5951 5 Col. App. 91; 139 111. 81; 46 Ind. 311; 60 Kan. 772; 9 Ky. Law Rep. 385; 75 Miss. 559; 15 Neb. 484; 35 O. St. 78; 26 S. C. 152; 41 Tex. 246; 15 Utah 480; 25 Wis. 384.\nHal L,. Norwood, ikttorney General, and William H. Rector, Assistant, for appellee.\nThe admission of testimony to prove the dying declarations of Florence Brown was erroneous, there \u2018being no statute of this State authorizing the admission of dying declarations in a prosecution for rape. Such declarations are admissible only in prosecutions for homicide. Wigmore on Ev. (3 ed.), \u00a7 1432; 50 Ala. 459 and cases cited; Greenleaf on Ev. \u00a7 156; 21 Cyc. 981; 165 Mass. 174; 1x0 Pa. 100; 71 Ga. 128; 35 Am. Rep. 596.\nDying declarations are not admissible if, for any reason, the declarant would have been an incompetent witness. 2 Wigmore on Ev. (3 ed., Bowlby), \u00a7 1445; 45 Pac. 650; 21 Cyc. 974; 56 L. R. A. 432; Greenleaf on Ev. (15 ed.), \u00a7 157; 39 Ark. 229; 93 Ark. 156."
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