{ "id": 2785065, "name": "Illinois Public Aid Commission, Appellant, vs. Emelia Brauer et al., Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Illinois Public Aid Commission v. Brauer", "decision_date": "1957-05-23", "docket_number": "No. 34299", "first_page": "416", "last_page": "420", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "11 Ill. 2d 416" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill.", "id": 8772, "name": "Illinois Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "310 Ill. 558", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5107634 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "563" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/310/0558-01" ] }, { "cite": "304 Ill. App. 405", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3309062 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/304/0405-01" ] }, { "cite": "86 Ill. App. 174", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5271120 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/86/0174-01" ] }, { "cite": "249 Ill. 12", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5644021 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/249/0012-01" ] }, { "cite": "391 Ill. 237", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2513224 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/391/0237-01" ] }, { "cite": "204 N.Y. Supp. 273", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "123 Misc. 21", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Misc.", "case_ids": [ 766654 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/misc/123/0021-01" ] }, { "cite": "20 Ohio. App. 166", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ohio App.", "case_ids": [ 1850488 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ohio-app/20/0166-01" ] }, { "cite": "242 Ill. 212", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5654487 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/242/0212-01" ] }, { "cite": "192 Ill. 106", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5579866 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/192/0106-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 383, "char_count": 5074, "ocr_confidence": 0.767, "pagerank": { "raw": 7.851046821134771e-08, "percentile": 0.4587468226912071 }, "sha256": "064a596bb1d5b0527f7379ce6225690ba8ca7465171a1d3167fd2b0df2180056", "simhash": "1:758477b549dff6e4", "word_count": 842 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:21:09.433320+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "Illinois Public Aid Commission, Appellant, vs. Emelia Brauer et al., Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Justice Hershey\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThis appeal from the circuit court of Jo Daviess County involves the constitutionality of that part of section 5 \u2014 6 of the Public Assistance Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1953, chap. 23, par. 440 \u2014 6) which makes prima facie fraudulent the transfer of real estate by an old age assistance recipient when the consideration therefor \u201cdoes not approximate the\nThe Illinois Public Aid Commission filed a complaint to set aside a deed by which defendant Emelia Brauer fair, cash market value\u201d of the property. conveyed real estate, said to be worth between $1000 and $1500, to defendants Robbie M. Schubert and Catherine E. Schubert for $500. It was alleged that defendant Brauer was an old age assistance recipient (having received $8444 up to- that time,) that the conveyance was made to defeat the plaintiff\u2019s claim, and that the other defendants were aware of this when they accepted the deed.\nThe defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on the ground that said statute under which the plaintiff proceeded was unconstitutional. And the court upheld the defendants\u2019 contentions, finding that the statute \u201cprovides for taking of property without due process of law.\u201d The plaintiff appeals directly to this court, a constitutional question being involved.\nSince the defendants have not filed a brief in this court, we must look to their trial court motions to- ascertain what they believe to be the constitutional defects in this statute. In addition to a general claim of invalidity on the ground of alleged deprivation of property without due process of law, they contend (1) the words \u201capproximate the fair, cash market value\u201d are vague, inexact, incapable of legal definition as applied to a given situation, (2) the statute is special legislation violative of section 14 of article II and section 22 of article IV of the Illinois constitution, (3) no provision is made for returning a bona fide purchaser for value to the status quo, and (4) the statute is punitive and penal in nature and scope but lacks the safeguards required of such legislation.\nIn our opinion, the defendants\u2019 objections are not well taken. First, the terms \u201capproximate\u201d and \u201cfair, cash market value\u201d are not inadequate. Tax provisions commonly use such terms as \u201cfair market value,\u201d \u201cclear market value,\u201d or \u201cfair cash value,\u201d and they have frequently been interpreted and upheld as proper standards of measurement. Cf. Walker v. People, 192 Ill. 106; In re Estate of Graves, 242 Ill. 212; Tax Commission v. Clarke, 20 Ohio. App. 166; Re Dupignac\u2019s Estate, 123 Misc. 21, 204 N.Y. Supp. 273.\nSecond, this is not unconstitutional \u201cspecial legislation.\u201d The touchstone for determining whether a statute is a general or special law is whether it operates uniformly throughout the State upon all persons and localities under like circumstances. People ex rel. Curren v. Wood, 391 Ill. 237.\nBy its terms, this statute is applicable to all recipients who transfer real property under the conditions set forth and to those who purchase from them. And it is not unreasonable for the General Assembly to differentiate between recipients who own property and those who do not. Such a classification is based upon a rational difference of situation or condition found to exist in the premises or the objects upon which the classification rests. Cf. People ex rel. Davis v. Nellis, 249 Ill. 12.\nThird, the defendant purchasers do not claim to be bona fide purchasers for value. Indeed, by their motion they admit they were not. They also admit that the $500 consideration has been tendered to them. They are in no position to complain of this section on the ground that it fails to adequately spell out the status of bona fide purchasers and provide adequate safeguards for them.\nFourth, the statute neither prescribes, nor contemplates, a \u201cpenalty\u201d within the accepted meaning of that word. (Gunning v. People, 86 Ill. App. 174; Salzman v. Boeing, 304 Ill. App. 405.) It merely sets up a rule of evidence as applied to an accepted and well established remedy, and the defendants may, without incurring any statutory \u201cpenalty,\u201d rebut the presumption which the legislature has made a part of the action. \u201c(N)o one has any vested right in a rule of evidence either in a criminal or civil case, and there is no constitutional prohibition against the legislature changing it so long as it leaves to a party either in a criminal or civil case a fair opportunity to make his defense and to submit all the facts to the jury.\u201d People v. Love, 310 Ill. 558, 563.\nWe conclude that the statute is not subject to the constitutional objections urged. The decree is reversed, and the cause is remanded with directions to- overrule the motion to dismiss and proceed in due course.\nReversed and remanded, with directions.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Justice Hershey" } ], "attorneys": [ "Latham Castle, Attorney General, of Springfield, (Mark O\u2019. Roberts, Murray E. Milne, and Madalyn Maxwell, of counsel,) for appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "(No. 34299.\nIllinois Public Aid Commission, Appellant, vs. Emelia Brauer et al., Appellees.\nOpinion filed May 23, 1957.\nLatham Castle, Attorney General, of Springfield, (Mark O\u2019. Roberts, Murray E. Milne, and Madalyn Maxwell, of counsel,) for appellant." }, "file_name": "0416-01", "first_page_order": 418, "last_page_order": 422 }