{ "id": 5328848, "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, vs. John Alfred Weaver et al., Plaintiffs in Error", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Weaver", "decision_date": "1959-11-18", "docket_number": "No. 35191", "first_page": "108", "last_page": "116", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "18 Ill. 2d 108" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill.", "id": 8772, "name": "Illinois Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "403 Ill. 81", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2619821 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/403/0081-01" ] }, { "cite": "279 Ill. 139", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4883404 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/279/0139-01" ] }, { "cite": "341 Ill. 155", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5250272 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/341/0155-01" ] }, { "cite": "247 F.2d 42", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 397676 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/247/0042-01" ] }, { "cite": "410 Ill. 478", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5311989 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/410/0478-01" ] }, { "cite": "17 Ill.2d 328", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5332878 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/17/0328-01" ] }, { "cite": "414 Ill. 125", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5313859 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/414/0125-01" ] }, { "cite": "3 Ill.2d 357", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2696705 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/3/0357-01" ] }, { "cite": "16 Ill.2d 82", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2762777 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/16/0082-01" ] }, { "cite": "10 Ill.2d 218", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2726343 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/10/0218-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 641, "char_count": 12210, "ocr_confidence": 0.797, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.596716369914286e-07, "percentile": 0.8875129399436029 }, "sha256": "6fc413b837b6fddc7537882091b13aac5ddc52602a230c0e8bd508d3c12e963b", "simhash": "1:066ee86398de4ee2", "word_count": 2085 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:35:16.512795+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, vs. John Alfred Weaver et al., Plaintiffs in Error." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Chief Justice House\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nA jury found the defendants, John Alfred Weaver and William Thomas Mitchell, guilty on counts of larceny and of forcible burglary and found that they had been previously convicted of larceny. The circuit court of Peoria County sentenced each of them to the penitentiary for concurrent terms of not less than one nor more than 10 years on the larceny count; not less than one year nor more than life imprisonment on the burglary count; and life imprisonment on the count alleging the prior conviction. In People v. Weaver, 10 Ill.2d 218, with only the common-law record before us, we held that the indictment and verdicts were each sufficient to support a judgment of conviction under the Habitual Criminal Act. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1957, chap. 38, par. 602.) Defendants now maintain that their conviction should be reversed because the evidence did not support the verdicts, various improper remarks of the State\u2019s Attorney deprived them of a fair trial; and, the jury was improperly instructed.\nOn August 15, 1953, the White Rock Tavern in Peoria was burglarized and a number of items stolen therefrom. These items included coins from the juke box and cigarette machine, 22 or 23 half-pints of Seagram\u2019s Seven Crown and Corby\u2019s whiskeys, 2 quarts of Seagram\u2019s Seven Crown whiskey, three boxes of cigars and an unknown quantity of assorted brands of cigarettes. Two men were seen coming out of the tavern about 4 A.M. They were carrying something and went into the weeds on the north side of the tavern. The police were called and a squad car arrived within a few minutes. Defendant Weaver was apprehended in the weeds by the police officers. He was searched and found to have in his possession two screw drivers, two half-pints of Seagram\u2019s Seven Crown whiskey and $49.52 in coins of small denominations. The officers then checked the weeded lot and found a carton containing 73 packages of cigarettes, 20 half-pints of whiskey, 2 quarts of Seagram\u2019s whiskey, and 3 boxes of cigars. Weaver was taken to the police station where he revealed that he owned a 1936 Chevrolet and its location. The police then went to Weaver\u2019s car where they found the defendant Mitchell lying on the back seat. They searched the car and found a half-pint of Seagram\u2019s Seven Crown whiskey.\nWeaver testified that he and his wife went to Dick and Mary\u2019s Tavern in the afternoon of August 14 and were drinking there when they met Mitchell. All three left for Weaver\u2019s home about 5 P.M. When they arrived at Weaver\u2019s home, Weaver emptied a quart fruit jar of coins into his pockets and then he and Mitchell returned to Dick and Mary\u2019s Tavern. They drank beer there until about 7:3o and then went to the Illinois Tavern. There they did more drinking and Mitchell bought a half-pint of Seagram\u2019s Seven Crown whiskey. They then went to Yalcoff\u2019s Tavern, drank two glasses of beer, bought two half-pints of Seagram\u2019s Seven Crown whiskey and returned to Dick and Mary\u2019s Tavern. Between 10:00 and 10:30 they started home but the Chevrolet would not start. Weaver tried to repair it, using two screw drivers, but he was unsuccessful. They started to walk home, but seeing a light in the White Rock Tavern they went there and drank more beer. Again they returned to Dick and Mary\u2019s where they drank beer until closing time. They then drank more beer in the car. Weaver became ill, left the car, sat on the curb and does not remember anything from then until the police awakened him in the weed patch near the White Rock Tavern. He denied entering the White Rock Tavern after it was closed and denied taking anything from there.\nMitchell corroborated the testimony of Weaver. He stated that after Weaver left the car, he crawled into the back seat, opened the half-pint of whiskey he had bought, took two large drinks and went to sleep. He also denied breaking into the White Rock Tavern.\nRichard Karkhove, the operator of Dick and Mary\u2019s Tavern, testified that Mitchell and Weaver were drinking beer in his tavern from time to time during the afternoon and evening of August 14 and that they left when the tavern closed at 1 :oo A.M. on August 15. He stated that he noticed a man sitting on the curb near Weaver\u2019s car between 2 :oo and 2:3o A.M.\nMrs. Weaver testified that she and her husband kept coins, consisting of nickels, dimes and quarters in a fruit jar which was about three-fourths full on August 14.\nMrs. Weaver\u2019s son by a former marriage testified that Weaver emptied the jar on the evening of August 14.\nCharles Siens testified that he saw Weaver and Mitchell at Dick and Mary\u2019s Tavern shortly after midnight, and that he borrowed three dollars in change from Weaver whose pocket was bulging with nickels, dimes and quarters. He also stated that Weaver had two half-pints of whiskey in his back pockets and that Mitchell had a half-pint of whiskey in his back pocket.\nThe principal question presented by this writ of error is whether the defendants\u2019 guilt was proved beyond a reasonable doubt. It is a well-established rule that the recent, exclusive and unexplained possession of stolen property by an accused person in and of itself gives rise to an inference of guilt which may be sufficient to sustain a conviction in the absence of other facts and circumstances which leave in the mind of the jury a reasonable doubt as to his guilt. (People v. Pride, 16 Ill.2d 82; People v. Bennett, 3 Ill.2d 357; People v. Nixon, 414 Ill. 125.) Defendants contend, however, that the People produced no evidence beyond the circumstances to show that they were in possession of stolen property and that their evidence clearly established that the coins and whiskey in their possession were not stolen property.\nThe proceeds of the larceny in this case \u2014 namely, coins, cigarettes, cigars and bottles of whiskey, unlike the engineer\u2019s transit in People v. Pride, 16 Ill.2d 82, the meat grinder in People v. Bennett, 3 Ill.2d 357, and the chain saw in People v. Nixon, 414 Ill. 125,\u2014are almost devoid of features which enable them to be positively identified. When items such as these are the proceeds of a larceny or robbery, their identity as being those in the possession of the accused must necessarily be drawn from other facts satisfactorily proved. In such cases the question of the identity of the property is ordinarily one of fact for the jury\u2019s determination.\nThe record reveals that the police arrived at the scene of the crime within a few minutes after two men were seen leaving the White Rock Tavern carrying a heavy burden into the weed patch. The police discovered Weaver in the weed patch and found two half-pints of Seagram\u2019s Seven Crown whiskey and a number of coins in his possession. They also found all the stolen items in the weed patch except for two or three half-pints of whiskey and the coins. They later found Mitchell in Weaver\u2019s car with a half-pint of Seagram\u2019s Seven Crown whiskey. These circumstances point strongly to the fact that the whiskey and coins in defendants\u2019 possession were a portion of the stolen property.\nAlthough the defendant\u2019s testimony and that of their witnesses was not contradicted by any positive testimony it was in conflict with the circumstantial evidence produced by the People. Upon this record we believe the jury could properly find the defendants guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. As we said in the recent case of People v. Russell, 17 Ill.2d 328, \u201cIt is possible, of course, to conjure up hypotheses that are inconsistent with- the defendant\u2019s guilt * * * as it is in any case in which judgment rests on circumstantial evidence. * * * But the requirement that the defendant\u2019s guilt be proved beyond a reasonable doubt does not mean that the jury must disregard the inferences that flow normally from the evidence before it.\u201d\nIt is next contended that the prosecutor made several misstatements of facts in his closing argument. He said that the plant guard who worked across the street knew when the White Rock Tavern closes and he knew that there were not supposed to be lights on at 4 o\u2019clock in the morning, so he called the police. There is no evidence in the record of a light being on in the tavern at 4 A.M. The prosecutor misstated this fact but it is an immaterial fact.\nAnother misstatement was that the juke box took dimes and nickels. Objection to this statement was sustained and the jury instructed tO' disregard it.\nThe State\u2019s Attorney also said that one of the guards \u201csaw them moving in the weeds.\u201d The guard did testify that he saw two men move from the tavern into the weeds on the north side of the tavern. Although the prosecutor\u2019s statement was not entirely accurate as to what the plant guard said, it was not prejudicial.\nThe State\u2019s Attorney said that Mitchell ran to Weaver\u2019s car and waited for him. This was objected to and sustained by the court.\nWhile these statements by the prosecutor may be subject to criticism, they do not have the effect asserted by defendants. It is clear that the remarks were not a material factor in defendants\u2019 convictions, and that they could not have been injured by them. We have held that such slight errors, not affecting the merits or justice of the decision, will not justify a reversal. People v. Jenko, 410 Ill. 478.\nDefendants contend that reversible error was committed when the State\u2019s Attorney made an improper and prejudicial remark as to Weaver\u2019s credibility. He said \u201cLadies and gentlemen, on that testimony of John Alfred Weaver I have never heard such lying in all my life.\u201d We are of the opinion that the prosecutor may call a witness false, if in doing so he relies on the evidence and the inferences from it to support his conclusion. There is nothing to indicate that the belief of the State\u2019s Attorney was based on anything other than the circumstantial evidence and the inferences to- be drawn from it. Cf. Stewart v. United States, (D.C. cir.) 247 F.2d 42.\nIt is finally argued that the jury was improperly instructed. Defendants complain of People\u2019s instruction number 7 which charged the jury \u201cthat the doubt to authorize an acquittal must be as to the guilt on the whole evidence and not as to any particular fact in the case not essential and material to- constitute the crime charged.\u201d They say that this instruction leaves to the jury the legal question as to what facts are essential and material to constitute the crime charged. The court gave other instructions which when taken together stated the elemental facts constituting the crime charged. Treating this instruction as a part of the series given, we find no prejudicial error. People v. Hartwell, 341 Ill. 155.\nThe next instructions complained of are People\u2019s 5, 7, 8 and 9. It is conceded that except for number 7 these instructions correctly state the law. It is asserted, however, that repetitive instructions on reasonable doubt are most apt to unduly influence the jury. This court has condemned superfluous instruction on reasonable doubt. (People v. Wallace, 279 Ill. 139.) Instructions will be considered as a series, however, and when, so considered, they fully and fairly announce the law applicable to the theories of the People and of the defendant, respectively, this court will not reverse if one or more instructions, standing alone, are superfluous or misleading. (People v. Marsh, 403 Ill. 81; People v. Hartwell, 341 Ill. 155.) Taking the instructions in this case as a series, we are of the opinion that the instructions complained of do not constitute prejudicial error.\nThe judgments are affirmed.\n, Judgments affirmed.\nMr. Justice Schaefer took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Chief Justice House" } ], "attorneys": [ "James M. Goff, and Adlai E. Stevenson III, both of Chicago, for plaintiff in error.", "Grenville Beardsley, Attorney General, of Springfield, and Eugene M. Pratt, State\u2019s Attorney, of Peoria, (Fred G. Leach, and William H. South, Assistant Attorneys General, and Walter G. Hagemeyer, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel,) for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "(No. 35191.\nThe People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, vs. John Alfred Weaver et al., Plaintiffs in Error.\nOpinion filed November 18, 1959\nRehearing denied Jan. 18, 1960.\nSchaefer, J., took no part.\nJames M. Goff, and Adlai E. Stevenson III, both of Chicago, for plaintiff in error.\nGrenville Beardsley, Attorney General, of Springfield, and Eugene M. Pratt, State\u2019s Attorney, of Peoria, (Fred G. Leach, and William H. South, Assistant Attorneys General, and Walter G. Hagemeyer, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel,) for the People." }, "file_name": "0108-01", "first_page_order": 116, "last_page_order": 124 }