{
  "id": 5355968,
  "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, vs. Stanley Polenisiak, Plaintiff in Error",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Polenisiak",
  "decision_date": "1962-11-30",
  "docket_number": "No. 37149",
  "first_page": "317",
  "last_page": "320",
  "citations": [
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      "cite": "26 Ill. 2d 317"
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  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ill.",
    "id": 8772,
    "name": "Illinois Supreme Court"
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    "name_long": "Illinois",
    "name": "Ill."
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:29:23.309293+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "The People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, vs. Stanley Polenisiak, Plaintiff in Error."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. Justice House\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nStanley Polenisiak and Harold Domanski were indicted in the criminal court of Cook County for the unlawful possession of burglary tools. A jury found them guilty and the court sentenced each of them to the penitentiary for a term of not less than one year nor more than two years. Polenisiak prosecutes this writ of error alleging the People failed to prove him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.\nOn March 16, i960, at about 6:45 A.M., two police officers stopped Polenisiak\u2019s car in the vicinity of Elston and Central avenues in Chicago because it did not have a i960 city vehicle sticker. Domanski was driving and he did not have a driver\u2019s license-. Both men had. been drinking and there was a partly empty bottle of whiskey on the front seat. The officers noticed tools on the back floor of the car and asked the men about them. Polenisiak and Domanski got out of .their car and were abusive in talk and action to the officers who called for additional help beca\u00fase they thought a fight might ensue or the men might try to escape. They were taken into custody and Domanski was booked for driving while under the influence of alcohol, driving without a driver\u2019s license, and failure to have a city vehicle sticker. Both were later charged with unlawful possession of burglary tools.\nThe tools found in the car were a wrecking bar, a rolling head bar, a screw driver, a key hole saw, and a filed-down feeler gauge.\nThe defendant testified that he and Domanski had been drinking until 5 :oo A.M. and that they were going to the home of defendant\u2019s sister at 6311 West Devon when the police stopped them. He stated .he worked at various times as an engraver, a truck driver, and a sheet metal worker; he named his various employers; and he explained that the tools were bought and used for sheet metal work. He denied that he ever used the tools for breaking into a building and denied that he possessed the tools with any intention of breaking into a building.\nThe defendant concedes that the tools introduced in evidence were his and that they could be used for breaking and entering a building. He argues, however, that there is nothing to show that he possessed the tools for that purpose.\nThe intent with which tools are possessed must ordinarily be proved by circumstantial evidence. Thus, in People v. Faginkrantz, 21 Ill.2d 75, we held that such an intent could be inferred from the fact that the defendant was illegally parked in an alley behind a plumbing supply firm at 4:30 A.M. with his motor and lights shut off, that he was far away from home, that the police testified that, although they looked, they were unable to substantiate his asserted reason for being there, and that he had in his possession tools adapted to breaking and entering. In People v. Esposito, 18 Ill.2d 104, we held such intent could be inferred from the facts that the defendant was driving a car far from home at 5 :2o A.M. with no illumination on the rear license plate, that there were in the car a gun and black jack, a radio which could receive police calls, and tools which could be used for burglary and which were unnecessary for his employment or for the operation of the car, that he gave contradictory stories about who owned the tools, that his companion fled when the car was stopped, and that defendant refused to identify his companion. And, in People v. Taranto, 2 Ill.2d 476, we held such intent could be inferred from the fact that defendant was stopping on various floors of an apartment building where he had no business, that he falsely stated he lived there, that he had in his possession tools which could be used to pull locks, and that he tried to flee when questioned and resisted arrest. On the other hand, we held in People v. Taylor, 410 Ill. 469, that such intent was not proved beyond a reasonable doubt where defendant needed the took he possessed for his work, he explained why he had the took at the time and place where he was arrested, and he did not resist arrest, attempt to flee, or conceal his identity.\nThe uncontradicted testimony of defendant, his mother, and sister is to the effect that defendant was staying at the sister\u2019s house on March 16, i960, and had been staying there for a period of 8 or 9 months, while the sister stayed at their parents\u2019 home because their father was ill. The sister\u2019s home is in the vicinity of where defendant was arrested \u2014 his usual residence is not. It is also uncontradicted that defendant used the took while doing sheet metal work for various contractors whom he named. The record does not indicate that defendant, who is 39 years of age, or his companion, who is 44 years of age, have any criminal record. (Cf. People v. Taylor, 410 Ill. 469.) While both defendant and his companion were abusive with their language and threatening in their actions, the record fails to show that they attempted to flee, resisted arrest, or concealed their identity.\nThe people attach significance to the testimony of the arresting officers that defendant did not tell them he was staying at his sister\u2019s home or that he had done sheet metal work. The defendant testified that he did tell this to the officers. Whether he told the officers or not, the fact remains that the testimony on these two matters was uncontradicted and was of such a nature that it could easily have been contradicted if it were not true.\nWe believe that the circumstances from which a general burglarious intent could be inferred are lacking in this case. (People v. Taylor, 410 Ill. 469.) The judgment of the criminal court of Cook County is accordingly reversed.\nJudgment reversed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. Justice House"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Julius Lucius Echeles, of Chicago, for plaintiff in error.",
      "William G. Clark, Attorney General, of Springfield, and Daniel P. Ward, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago, (Fred G. Leach and E. Michael O\u2019Brien, Assistant Attorneys General, and Rudolph L. Janega and Edwin J. Belz, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel,) for the People."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "(No. 37149.\nThe People of the State of Illinois, Defendant in Error, vs. Stanley Polenisiak, Plaintiff in Error.\nOpinion filed November 30, 1962.\nJulius Lucius Echeles, of Chicago, for plaintiff in error.\nWilliam G. Clark, Attorney General, of Springfield, and Daniel P. Ward, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago, (Fred G. Leach and E. Michael O\u2019Brien, Assistant Attorneys General, and Rudolph L. Janega and Edwin J. Belz, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel,) for the People."
  },
  "file_name": "0317-01",
  "first_page_order": 319,
  "last_page_order": 322
}