{ "id": 2828667, "name": "The People of The State of Illinois, Appellant, vs. Sanders J. Zeravich, Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Zeravich", "decision_date": "1964-01-22", "docket_number": "No. 38123", "first_page": "275", "last_page": "278", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "30 Ill. 2d 275" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill.", "id": 8772, "name": "Illinois Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "293 P.2d 57", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "376 P.2d 130", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 628571 ], "year": 1956, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ariz/92/0267-01" ] }, { "cite": "21 Ill.2d 75", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2729139 ], "year": 1962, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/21/0075-01" ] }, { "cite": "19 Ill.2d 11", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2744599 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "18-19" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/19/0011-01" ] }, { "cite": "27 Ill.2d 542", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5359501 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/27/0542-01" ] }, { "cite": "3 Ill.2d 79", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2694500 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/3/0079-01" ] }, { "cite": "329 Ill. 117", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5202279 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill/329/0117-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 390, "char_count": 5151, "ocr_confidence": 0.796, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.4289710338845413e-07, "percentile": 0.8790394729576898 }, "sha256": "6d018a9f271dbe987430de56247079191d532799e51b44c6ee9d63f82d1fef8a", "simhash": "1:c49013cb7f3b39d0", "word_count": 850 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:47:43.640933+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The People of The State of Illinois, Appellant, vs. Sanders J. Zeravich, Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Justice Schaefer\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe defendant, Sanders Jack Zeravich, was indicted for burglary and theft in the criminal court of Cook County. His pre-trial motion to suppress certain evidence, on the ground that it was the product of an illegal search, was sustained, and the People have appealed directly to this court. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1961, chap. 38, par. 747.) A construction of the constitution is involved. People v. Williams, 27 Ill.2d 542.\n\u25a0 The only witness at the hearing on the motion to suppress was. officer Robert Loftus of the River Forest Police Department. He testified that he was on patrol duty in a police car at 4:5o A.M. on January 23, 1963. The temperature was 15 .degrees-below zero and there was snow on the ground. The officers. saw the defendant\u2019s car leaving - a private parking lot behind a building. They stopped the defendant\u2019s car and issued a traffic citation to him for operating a motor vehicle with obstructed vision.\nThe defendant produced his driver\u2019s license and evidence of ownership of the vehicle. The officers noticed that he was wearing \u201cgrey wash pants, grey jacket\u201d and \u201ccanvas soled shoes, with corrugated effect on the soles.\u201d They had previously received a police communique which reported \u201cseveral violations in the surrounding area,\u201d and described one or more suspects. One description referred to a \u201cblond-sandy haired\u201d male estimated to be 17 or 18 years old. Another description estimated the height of the suspect at 5 feet 8 or 9 inches tall, his weight at about 160 pounds, and described him as wearing grey clothing and \u201ccrepe soled shoes.\u201d There is no testimony in the record as to the defendant\u2019s height, weight or color of hair, although it appears that he was 34 years of age. The officers searched the defendant at the scene of the arrest and found on his person a sum of money which was the subject of the defendant\u2019s motion to suppress.\nIn People v. Watkins, 19 Ill.2d 11, we held that every arrest for a traffic violation does not automatically justify a search of the arrested person. But we there pointed out that \u201c[t]he constitution prohibits only unreasonable searches; it permits those that are reasonable. The critical issue in each case must be whether the situation that confronted the officer justified the search. * * * Police officers often must act upon a quick appraisal of the data before them, and the reasonableness of their conduct must be judged on the basis of their responsibility to prevent crime and to catch criminals.\u201d 19 Ill.2d 11, 18-19.\nIn this case it was the duty of the officers to stop the defendant, both for his own protection and for the protection of others using the highways. In the course of ascertaining his identity and his fitness to drive, they saw that his clothing matched that of a person suspected of crimes committed in the vicinity. On the basis of a necessarily quick appraisal of all of the facts known to them, the officers could reasonably conclude that they might be facing not just a traffic law violator, but a dangerous criminal. Under these circumstances it was clearly reasonable for them to search the defendant to insure their own safety, and to foreclose the possibility of an attempted escape. (People v. Watkins, 19 Ill.2d 11; People v. Faginkrantz, 21 Ill.2d 75; see also State v. Quintana, (Ariz. 1962) 376 P.2d 130; People v. Blodgett, (Cal. 1956) 293 P.2d 57.) Since the search was legal, the motion to suppress should have been denied.\nThe judgment of the criminal court of Cook County is reversed, and the cause is remanded with directions to overrule the motion to suppress the evidence.\nReversed and remanded, with directions.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Justice Schaefer" }, { "text": "Mr. Justice Daily,\ndissenting:\nI dissent to the notion that a \u201cconstruction of the constitution is involved\u201d so as to give us jurisdiction to entertain the direct appeal. Rather, as the majority opinion demonstrates, all that is involved or decided is a factual question of whether the search here was reasonable or unreasonable.\nBoth state and Federal constitutions have long since been construed to mean that only unreasonable searches are prohibited thereby and, conversely, that reasonable searches are permitted. This construction is well established and no longer debatable. Consistent with our practice in the past we should not take jurisdiction on direct appeal merely to reannounce established constructions. (People v. Hord, 329 Ill. 117; People v. Williams, 3 Ill.2d 79.) In like manner we should not, under the guise of construing the constitution, permit our jurisdiction to be invoked merely to determine the factual question as to whether a search was or was not unreasonable under the circumstances of a particular case.", "type": "dissent", "author": "Mr. Justice Daily," } ], "attorneys": [ "William G. Clark, Attorney General, of Springfield, and Daniel P. Ward, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago, (Fred G. Leach and E. Michael O\u2019Brien, Assistant Attorneys General, and Elmer C. Kissane and James R. Thompson, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel,) for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "(No. 38123.\nThe People of The State of Illinois, Appellant, vs. Sanders J. Zeravich, Appellee.\nOpinion filed January 22, 1964.\nDaily, J., dissenting.\nWilliam G. Clark, Attorney General, of Springfield, and Daniel P. Ward, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago, (Fred G. Leach and E. Michael O\u2019Brien, Assistant Attorneys General, and Elmer C. Kissane and James R. Thompson, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel,) for the People." }, "file_name": "0275-01", "first_page_order": 275, "last_page_order": 278 }