{ "id": 2864380, "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Appellee, vs. Willard LaVerne Triplett, Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Triplett", "decision_date": "1967-03-29", "docket_number": "No. 39845", "first_page": "234", "last_page": "240", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "37 Ill. 2d 234" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill.", "id": 8772, "name": "Illinois Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "395 Ill. 69", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2469633 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/395/0069-01" ] }, { "cite": "193 F.2d 24", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 511741, 3541430 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "31" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/193/0024-01" ] }, { "cite": "28 Ill.2d 505", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5363068 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "510" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/28/0505-01" ] }, { "cite": "27 Ill.2d 302", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5360355 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "306, 308, 309" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/27/0302-01" ] }, { "cite": "66 Ill. App. 2d 237", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5291525 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/66/0237-01" ] }, { "cite": "33 Ill.2d 155", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2884434 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/33/0155-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 586, "char_count": 11596, "ocr_confidence": 0.766, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.547038602509461e-07, "percentile": 0.673988135987851 }, "sha256": "dc34998247a0bbfaa1eb8cb4113ca699f533ddd3abdddc9c7a8c1e9e2bed0f39", "simhash": "1:e922a6e0ca06093b", "word_count": 1984 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:56:03.944089+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The People of the State of Illinois, Appellee, vs. Willard LaVerne Triplett, Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Justice Schaefer\ndelivered the opinion of the. court:\nIn 1956 a jury in the circuit court of Winnebago County found the defendant, Willard Triplett, guilty of the murder of his brother, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. In 1961 his petition under the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1961, chap. 38, pars. 826-832.) was dismissed by the circuit court and this court affirmed. (Memorandum Order 3307.) The defendant\u2019s writ of error to review the original judgment of conviction was transferred to the appellate court. (People v. Triplett, 33 Ill.2d 155.) That court affirmed, (66 Ill. App. 2d 237) and we allowed leave to appeal.\nAs to the circumstances of the alleged offense it is necessary to state only that the deceased was found burned to death in the defendant\u2019s house trailer; that the two brothers had been drinking heavily and had quarreled at one time during the evening. The defendant testified that he had put his brother to bed in the trailer, and had then, at about 2 A.M., driven to Beloit to visit his former wife. His presence in Beloit at the time in question was corroborated by several witnesses. When the defendant returned, his trailer had been destroyed by fire and his brother\u2019s body was found in it. It was the theory of the prosecution that the defendant had struck his brother during a fight in the trailer and had then set fire to it and driven to Beloit.\nThe only issue now raised in this court is the defendant\u2019s contention that the trial court committed reversible error by permitting testimony to be given concerning two lie-detector tests. The State argues that any objection to the testimony concerning the tests was waived by the defendant\u2019s failure to assert it in his written motion for a new trial. The appellate court so held. But the defendant\u2019s motion for a new trial asserted that the trial court erred \u201cin refusing to sustain objections to the improper cross-examination conducted by the State,\u201d and \u201cin refusing to sustain objections of the defendant to improper evidence introduced by the State.\u201d These grounds might have been stated in more specific terms, but the defendant\u2019s repeated objections to testimony concerning the lie-detector tests and his motion for a mistrial upon that ground show that the trial judge must have known that the motion for a new trial referred to his rulings on the admissibility of that testimony.\nThe first mention of lie-detector tests occurred during the hearing on the motion to suppress the defendant\u2019s confession. At that time a deputy sheriff under cross-examination by the defendant\u2019s attorney volunteered the following unresponsive statement: \u201cIt was at his own request that he go to Wheaton. He didn\u2019t trust the lie test upstairs. He said, T want another lie test.\u2019 And he said, \u2018If it proves me lying, I will then tell you the complete truth.\u2019 \u201d When the defendant\u2019s attorney objected the trial judge said: \u201cI want to find out. I want to see that this man has a fair trial. You can go right ahead.\u201d The witness then continued: \u201cSo, when he told us he didn\u2019t have much faith in this lie test upstairs, we said, \u2018Would you like to go to Wheaton and take a lie test\u2019, and he said \u2018yes\u2019. And he said, \u2018If that proves I am lying, I will then come back and tell you the truth.\u2019 \u201d\nBefore the jury, during the cross-examination of the defendant by the State\u2019s Attorney, the following occurred:\n\u201cQ. Did they talk to you about taking a lie test on Sunday?\nA. Yes, sir.\nQ. Did you sign any statements on Sunday morning?\nA. No. I don\u2019t think I did.\nQ. What was said about taking a lie test?\nMr. Fabiano: I object to any reference to a lie test. I think the State\u2019s Attorney knows better than mentioning anything like that.\nThe Court: A lie test is a lie detector test, I suppose. If you change it that way, I will overrule the objection.\nQ. Was there any talk about a lie detector test?\nA. Yes. And they asked me if I would take a lie detector test, and I said, \u2018Yes, and if the machine said I was lying, I would tell the truth the best I knew how.\u2019\nQ. You told them if the machine said that you were lying, you would tell the truth the best you knew how ?\nA. Yes, and the test said I didn\u2019t lie.\u201d\nAnother objection by the defendant\u2019s attorney was overruled, and the cross-examination continued:\n\u201cQ. And after that test was taken, you told Joe Ferona and Mike Iasperro [deputy sheriffs] you would tell them the truth ?\nA. I told down there I knew that I didn\u2019t do it. He said, \u2018Well you know you are lying. The machine said you did.\u2019 I told them, \u2018Well, I don\u2019t know what the machine said, but I know I didn\u2019t.\u2019 He said, \u2018Now you are calling the machine a damn liar.\u2019 He said, \u2018You can\u2019t call this machine a damn liar. That man has been operating it for a long while\u2019.\u201d\nMotions by the defendant\u2019s attorney for a mistrial, and that the jury be instructed to disregard the testimony concerning the lie-detector test, were denied.\nThe two deputy sheriffs were then recalled by the State as rebuttal witnesses, and over repeated objections they testified concerning the events surrounding the lie-detector tests. Their testimony unmistakably indicated their belief that the defendant had lied during the test, apparently in response to questions relating to the alleged crime.\nIt is apparent that as the trial developed, the jury\u2019s attention was diverted from the issue of the defendant\u2019s guilt or innocence to a dispute as to the truth of the hearsay testimony of the defendant, or the hearsay testimony of the sheriff\u2019s deputies, as to the results of a second lie-detector test administered by some unidentified person. The record is silent as to the circumstances under which the first test was conducted, and the person who conducted that test is not identified. But the inference from the record is clear that the defendant confessed after he had been told that at least one \u201cmachine\u201d, and probably two, had \u201csaid\u201d that he was lying.\nBoth the General Assembly and this court have expressed distrust of the reliability of lie-detector tests. \u201cIn the course of any criminal trial the court shall not require, request or suggest that the defendant submit to a poly-graphic detection test, commonly known as a lie detector test * * *.\u201d (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1965, chap. 38, par. 158\u20141.) A similar prohibition is applicable in civil cases. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1965, chap. 110, par. 54.1.) In People v. Nimmer, 25 I11.2d 319, the trial judge had announced at the conclusion of the trial that upon the evidence he would have to find the defendant guilty, but suggested that he would follow the result of a lie-detector test if the defendant would take one. The case was continued, and ten days later the defendant was found guilty and sentenced. The judgment was reversed, although the record was silent as to whether a test was conducted, or whether the judge was following its result.\nIn People v. Zazzetta, 27 Ill.2d 302, it was held to be error to permit a polygraph examiner to testify to the results of an examination although the defendant, apparently upon the advice of counsel, had agreed in court to take the test and that its results could be received in evidence upon the trial. The court stated: \u201cIn the absence of stipulation, our courts, without exception, reject the results of lie-detector tests when the same are offered in evidence for the purpose of establishing the guilt or innocence of one accused of a crime. * * * There are no cases on record in which a lie-detector test has been admitted by stipulation without the presence and qualification of the operator and interpreter of such tests as an expert witness during the trial. * * * While a defendant may understanding^ stipulate to much in a criminal trial, and may waive many objections, we think it manifestly unfair to bind him by a stipulation regarding the trustworthiness of scientific opinion far beyond his expected ken.\u201d 27 Ill.2d 302, 306, 308, 309.\nIn People v. Boney, 28 Ill.2d 505, the defendant had been given a lie-detector test and he testified, over obj ection, that it indicated he was innocent. The court stated: \u201cResults of the lie-detector test could not properly be introduced as evidence of either guilt or innocence of the accused, (People v. Zazzetta, 27 Ill.2d 302,) and the People\u2019s objection should have been sustained.\u201d 28 Ill.2d at 510.\nDespite the strong aversion thus manifested, by statute and decisions, it can be argued that a different result should follow when the issue is the voluntariness of a confession. It can be said that the fact that the confession followed a polygraph examination is a relevant circumstance and that it is the fact of the examination, rather than its result, that is significant. An argument of this kind is advanced to justify what occurred at this trial, and Tyler v. United States, (D.C. cir. 1951) 193 F.2d 24, is relied upon. In that case the polygraph examiner testified that he had told the defendant, before the defendant confessed, that the test indicated he was lying. The defendant\u2019s motion to strike this testimony was denied, but the jury was at once admonished that the testimony \u201cwas not admitted as evidence of any alleged lying of the defendant, but merely as evidence bearing on the question, whether the confession was, in fact, voluntary.\u201d The court of appeals affirmed, saying, \u201cWith the court\u2019s clear and positive instruction to the jury, holding the evidence within proper bounds, and the presumption that the instruction was followed by the jury, we are not warranted in assuming that any prejudicial results followed from the incident.\u201d 193 F.2d at 31.\nIn the decision of this court that most closely resembles the Tyler case, People v. Sims, 395 Ill. 69, the defendant, a seventeen-year-old girl, had objected to taking a lie-detector test and to making any statement without first talking to her lawyer. A confession taken while the lie-detector apparatus was attached to her body, although not in operation, was held inadmissible.\nWe are not now called upon to enumerate the safeguards under which, if at all, evidence of the fact that a confession followed a lie-detector test may be admitted at a hearing before the judge upon the issue of the voluntariness of the confession. (See, however, Reid and Inbau, Truth and Deception, p. 257.) In the case before us the testimony as to the lie-detector tests was adduced, over the defendant\u2019s objections, by the trial judge upon the motion to suppress, and by the prosecutor before the jury. Despite the obvious danger that the jury might believe, as the deputy sheriff told the defendant, that \u201cYou can\u2019t call this machine a damn liar,\u201d neither the prosecutor nor the judge made any effort to restrict the jury\u2019s use of the testimony to the limited purpose for which it is now claimed to be admissible. And in- the context of the entire record, we can not say that the defendant\u2019s attorney was at fault in failing to tender such an instruction.\nThe judgment of the Appellate Court, Second Dstrict, is reversed and the cause is remanded to the circuit court of Winnebago County for a new trial.\nReversed and remanded.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Justice Schaefer" } ], "attorneys": [ "Thomson, Thomson & Mirza, of Bloomington, (Jerome Mirza, of counsel,) for appellant.", "William G. Clark, Attorney General, of Springfield, and William R. Nash, State\u2019s Attorney, of Rockford, (Fred G. Leach, Assistant Attorney General, and William H. Snively, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel,) for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "(No. 39845.\nThe People of the State of Illinois, Appellee, vs. Willard LaVerne Triplett, Appellant.\nOpinion filed March 29, 1967.\nRehearing denied May 16, 1967.\nThomson, Thomson & Mirza, of Bloomington, (Jerome Mirza, of counsel,) for appellant.\nWilliam G. Clark, Attorney General, of Springfield, and William R. Nash, State\u2019s Attorney, of Rockford, (Fred G. Leach, Assistant Attorney General, and William H. Snively, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel,) for the People." }, "file_name": "0234-01", "first_page_order": 234, "last_page_order": 240 }