{ "id": 2860072, "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Appellee, vs. Charles B. Harris, Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Harris", "decision_date": "1967-11-30", "docket_number": "No. 40524", "first_page": "552", "last_page": "559", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "38 Ill. 2d 552" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill.", "id": 8772, "name": "Illinois Supreme Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "27 Ill.2d 518", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5359180 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/27/0518-01" ] }, { "cite": "16 Ill.2d 340", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2762318 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/16/0340-01" ] }, { "cite": "8 Ill.2d 510", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2715114 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/8/0510-01" ] }, { "cite": "80 Ill. App. 2d 59", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2562792 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "64" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/80/0059-01" ] }, { "cite": "357 Ill. 23", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5282633 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/357/0023-01" ] }, { "cite": "340 Ill. 464", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5247186 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/340/0464-01" ] }, { "cite": "38 Ill. 494", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 428268 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/38/0494-01" ] }, { "cite": "352 U.S. 955", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6333670, 6334025, 6334259, 6334484, 6333823 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/352/0955-01", "/us/352/0955-03", "/us/352/0955-04", "/us/352/0955-05", "/us/352/0955-02" ] }, { "cite": "352 U.S. 910", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6275402 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/352/0910-01" ] }, { "cite": "165 Ohio St. 293", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ohio St.", "case_ids": [ 1722435 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ohio-st/165/0293-01" ] }, { "cite": "100 Ohio App. 345", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ohio App.", "case_ids": [ 1422472 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ohio-app/100/0345-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 612, "char_count": 11956, "ocr_confidence": 0.772, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.9717522861742976e-07, "percentile": 0.8503405024771714 }, "sha256": "9bfc1ae354881ebeffa5ca55a4957b5dbbea7c2d6020db066273db960766d974", "simhash": "1:fd01f18e4f07ecf1", "word_count": 2054 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:42:14.192691+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The People of the State of Illinois, Appellee, vs. Charles B. Harris, Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. Justice House\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nA jury in the circuit court of Wayne County found defendant Charles B. Harris guilty of the murder of Betty Newton, the murder of William Meritt, and arson. He was sentenced by the court for a term of 60 to 75 years for each murder and for a term of 10 to 15 years for the arson, the sentences to run concurrently.\nThe defendant concedes that there is sufficient evidence to support the conviction. William Meritt had testified against Harris in a previous murder case in Wayne County and Betty Newton was a former girl friend of Harris who had forsaken him for William Meritt. Harris had told several people he would kill both of them if he caught them together. The night before the murders Harris was drinking and told some people that if he caught Betty Newton and William Meritt at the Courtney Meritt house, an abandoned farm house they frequented, he was going to kill them and burn the house down to destroy the evidence. Later that evening he had James and Mary Wood drive him several places looking for Betty, but they refused to take him to the Courtney Meritt house. They let him out at his home about 2 :oo A.M. Between 6 :oo A.M. and 7 :oo A.M. he was seen driving his automobile on two round trips on the road between his home and the Courtney Meritt house. A short time later the Courtney Meritt house was on fire. The badly burned remains of Betty Newton and William Meritt were found inside. They had both died prior to the fire from gun shot wounds in the head. Defendant\u2019s housekeeper, at his direction, destroyed his white shirt with quite a bit of blood on it the morning of the fire. He also owned a gun of the type used in the murders. Defendant was apprehended 9 months after he was indicted, by the FBI, on a charge of unlawful flight to avoid prosecution for murder.\nHe first argues that the trial court erred in denying his application for bail. Section no \u2014 4(a) of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that \u201cAll persons shall be bailable before conviction, except when death is a possible punishment for the offenses charged and the proof is evident or the presumption is great that the person is guilty of the offense.\u201d The section further provides that \u201c(b) A person charged with an offense for which death is -a possible punishment has the burden of proof that he should be admitted to bail.\u201d Ill. Rev. Stat. 1965, chap. 38, par. 110 \u2014 4.\nDefendant\u2019s application for bail was supported by his affidavit that he was not guilty of the offense charged and the prosecution offered no evidence. His theory is that where the prosecution puts forth no evidence and the defendant offers exculpatory evidence, bail must be granted. (We by no means intimate that defendant\u2019s conclusionary statement that he did not commit the crimes constitutes exculpatory evidence.)\nOur research has produced only one case where review of an order denying bail prior to trial was sought after trial and conviction. In that case (State v. Sheppard, 100 Ohio App. 345, (aff\u2019d 165 Ohio St. 293, cert. den. 352 U.S. 910, reh. den. 352 U.S. 955),) the Ohio appellate court simply stated, \u201c* * * such ruling cannot now be raised after trial and conviction.\u201d The basis for such a holding is the obvious fact that to be effective, review of such an order should precede trial and conviction. Defendant makes no claim that his conviction was in any manner affected by the denial of bail, such as depriving him of an opportunity to prepare for trial. Under these circumstances the purpose of bail could not be accomplished by now reversing the order denying bail.\nDefendant argues, nevertheless, that he was denied a constitutional right and that this is his first opportunity to raise the issue for review. An order denying bail is, of course, interlocutory and not appealable (Lynch v. People, 38 Ill. 494); but the issue could have been raised by habeas corpus. (People ex rel. Sammons v. Snow, 340 Ill. 464; People ex rel. Smith v. Blaylock, 357 Ill. 23.) Both as a practical matter and a procedural matter, review of an order denying bail must be raised prior to trial and conviction.\nDefendant next argues that the trial court\u2019s refusal of challenge for cause against juror Charles Owen deprived him of his right to trial by an impartial jury. He points out that Owen is manager of House and Home Improvement, a subsidiary of Southern Illinois Lumber Company, and that the State\u2019s Attorney is the attorney for Southern Illinois Lumber; that Owen knew he was the attorney for Southern Illinois Lumber; that Owen said he would employ the State\u2019s Attorney if he-needed a lawyer for this business; that Owen had done some work in the State\u2019s Attorney\u2019s home and in the home of the assistant State\u2019s Attorney; and that Owen was a member of the Elks Club of which he thought the State\u2019s Attorney was also a member and had been a member of the Lions Club of which the assistant State\u2019s Attorney had been a member. The prosecution points out that neither the State\u2019s Attorney nor the assistant State\u2019s Attorney had ever represented Owen or his business; that Owen had not visited either of them socially; that it would not embarrass Owen to return a not guilty verdict; that he had no opinion of the guilt or innocence of defendant; that he would not give more weight to the views of the State\u2019s Attorney or the assistant State\u2019s Attorney than the lawyers for defendant; and that if he were a defendant in a murder case, he would be willing to accept a juror in the same frame of mind as he was.\nIf a juror meets the statutory qualifications, the determination of whether a challenge for cause should be allowed rests within the sound discretion of the trial court and his ruling will not be disturbed unless he has clearly abused his discretion. (I.L.P., Juries, \u00a7 101.) A reading of the voir dire examination convinces us that the trial court did not abuse his discretion in finding Owen to be an impartial juror.\nIt is then contended that the trial court erred in allowing only 20 peremptory challenges rather than 50. Defendant was tried on three indictments \u2014 one for the murder of William Meritt, one for the murder of Betty Newton and one for the arson of the Courtney Meritt home. Section 115 \u2014 4(e) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1965, chap. 38, par. 115 \u2014 4(e),) provides, \u201cEach defendant shall be allowed 20 peremptory challenges in capital cases, 10 in all cases in which the punishment may be imprisonment in the penitentiary, and 5 in all other cases.\u201d Defendant asserts that he should have been allowed 20 peremptory challenges for each murder indictment and 10 for the arson indictment.\nThe question here presented is one of first impression and is undoubtedly the result of the enactment of section 3 \u2014 3(b) of the Criminal Code of 1961. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1965, chap. 38, par. 3 \u2014 3(b).) That section provides, \u201cIf the several offenses are known to the proper prosecuting officer at the time of commencing the prosecution and are within the jurisdiction of a single court, they must be prosecuted in a single prosecution * * * if they are based on the same act.\u201d Prior to the enactment of this section it was common practice for- a prosecuting attorney to try separately indictments arising from the same act (see Committee Comments, Smith-Hurd Illinois Annoted Statutes, chap. 38, par. 3 \u2014 3, pp. 124-131), and the question did not arise as to whether a single defendant could cumulate his peremptory challenges in a single trial on several indictments.\nIn the recent case of People v. West, 80 Ill. App. 2d 59, the appellate court held that a defendant could not cumulate his peremptory challenges under section 115 \u2014 4(e) and stated: \u201cWe believe that the legislative intent in using the word \u2018cases\u2019 was to describe the various types of offenses which would subject the defendant to capital punishment or imprisonment in the penitentiary or other punishment. If the legislature had intended to allow the number of challenges to correspond to the number of indictments being tried, it would have used the word \u2018indictments\u2019 or \u2018offenses\u2019.\u201d (80 Ill. App. 2d 59, 64.) After the decision in the West case, section 115 \u2014 4(e) was amended and now provides, \u201cIf several charges against a defendant or defendants are consolidated for trial, each defendant shall be allowed peremptory challenges upon one charge only, which single charge shall be the charge against the defendant authorizing the greatest maximum penalty.\u201d Ill. Rev. Stat. 1967, chap. 38, par. 115 \u2014 4.\nThe legislative intent that the number of peremptory challenges authorized in section 115 \u2014 4(e) should apply to each defendant in a single case, and not to each defendant on each indictment in the case, seems clear enough from the language used prior to amendment as the appellate court held in West. The amendment, of course, removes any doubt as to the legislative intent. We hold that the trial court did not err in limiting defendant to 20 peremptory challenges.\nDefendant also contends that the trial court erred in admitting in evidence photographs of the torsos, and heads of the murder victims and X rays of the victims. He asserts that these exhibits only had the effect of inflaming the jury and did not aid in any material manner in resolving the issues in the case.\nOne of the issues was the identity of the victims and the photographs showed the difficulty of visual identification. They also showed defendant had executed his plan in the manner he said that he would and attempted to destroy all evidence as he had said he would. The X rays illustrated the testimony of the autopsy surgeon. We believe that the photographs and X rays were material in resolving issues in the case and that the trial judge did not abuse his discretion in admitting these exhibits.\nDefendant\u2019s final objection is that he was denied a fair trial when the State\u2019s Attorney asked him if he had been convicted of a felony. (See People v. Donaldson, 8 Ill.2d 510.) The record shows that the objection was made before defendant answered the question and the court then held a conference in chambers. The State\u2019s Attorney made an offer of proof of an authenticated copy of a conviction of a felony. The court refused the offer of proof, sustained objection to the question and instructed the jury to disregard the question.\nIn People v. Neukom, 16 Ill.2d 340, we held that introduction of the authenticated copy of the record of conviction cured any objection to cross-examination with regard to the prior offense. (See also, People v. Squires, 27 Ill.2d 518.) Here it is defendant who has objected to introduction of the authenticated copy of conviction of a felony which would under Neukom and Squires have cured any objection to the cross-examination by the State\u2019s Attorney. Furthermore, cross-examination concerning the prior conviction was not permitted by the court as in the Donaldson case.\nWhile defendant has complained that Owen should have been excused for cause as a juror, that inflammatory photographs were admitted in evidence and that the State\u2019s Attorney asked a prejudicial question, we feel that he could not have been prejudiced. It is noted that there was sufficient evidence, even by defendant\u2019s own admission, to support the conviction, and that the jury did not recommend the death sentence or fix the sentence. We are of the opinion that defendant received a fair trial.\nThe judgment of the circuit court of Wayne County is affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. Justice House" } ], "attorneys": [ "Robert H. Rice, of East St. Louis, for appellant.", "William G. Clark, Attorney General, of Springfield, and Willard C. Pearce, State\u2019s Attorney, of Fairfield, (Fred G. Leach, Assistant Attorney General, and Richard C. Cochran, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel,) for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "(No. 40524.\nThe People of the State of Illinois, Appellee, vs. Charles B. Harris, Appellant.\nOpinion filed Nov. 30, 1967.\nRehearing denied Jan. 18, 1968.\nRobert H. Rice, of East St. Louis, for appellant.\nWilliam G. Clark, Attorney General, of Springfield, and Willard C. Pearce, State\u2019s Attorney, of Fairfield, (Fred G. Leach, Assistant Attorney General, and Richard C. Cochran, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel,) for the People." }, "file_name": "0552-01", "first_page_order": 556, "last_page_order": 563 }