{ "id": 1592951, "name": "St. Louis Union Trust Company, Executor of the Will of William G. Hearne, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James G. Hearne, Susan Hearne Wood, and Edwardsville National Bank and Trust Company, as Administrator with Will Annexed of the Estate of Elizabeth Ellen Hearne and as Successor in Title to the Trust Estate of the Residuary Trust Under the Will of Frank P. Hearne, Defendants-Appellants", "name_abbreviation": "St. Louis Union Trust Co. v. Hearne", "decision_date": "1969-08-11", "docket_number": "Gen. No. 68-63", "first_page": "411", "last_page": "426", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "111 Ill. App. 2d 411" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "20 NE2d 150", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "299 Ill App 225", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5593877 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/299/0225-01" ] }, { "cite": "271 Ill 614", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4817344 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/271/0614-01" ] }, { "cite": "2 Ill2d 581", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 12132645 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "589" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/2/0581-01" ] }, { "cite": "393 Ill 272", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2476023 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "294" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/393/0272-01" ] }, { "cite": "274 Ill 162", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2408707 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/274/0162-01" ] }, { "cite": "169 Ill 432", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 3184466 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "471" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/169/0432-01" ] }, { "cite": "266 Ill 205", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4786526 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/266/0205-01" ] }, { "cite": "183 NE2d 505", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "25 Ill2d 151", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5352920 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "165" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/25/0151-01" ] }, { "cite": "194 NE2d 641", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "29 Ill2d 354", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2824672 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/29/0354-01" ] }, { "cite": "6 NE2d 619", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "365 Ill 369", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2583982 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/365/0369-01" ] }, { "cite": "95 NE2d 68", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "407 Ill 142", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2638675 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/407/0142-01" ] }, { "cite": "107 NE2d 729", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "412 Ill 535", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2665866 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/412/0535-01" ] }, { "cite": "89 NE2d 383", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "404 Ill 453", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5307882 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/404/0453-01" ] }, { "cite": "144 NE 800", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "313 Ill 156", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2433394 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "158" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/313/0156-01" ] }, { "cite": "179 F2d 347", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1256102 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/179/0347-01" ] }, { "cite": "237 F2d 561", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 427063 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "564" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/237/0561-01" ] }, { "cite": "136 NE 589", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "304 Ill 229", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4997589 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "236" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/304/0229-01" ] }, { "cite": "151 NE 905", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "321 Ill 368", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5168255 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/321/0368-01" ] }, { "cite": "130 NE 859", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "297 Ill 499", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5042311 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/297/0499-01" ] }, { "cite": "85 NE 2d 748", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "403 Ill 230", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "307" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "8 NE2d 629", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "366 Ill 294", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2579424 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/366/0294-01" ] }, { "cite": "39 NE2d 9", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "378 Ill 536", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2548302 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "539" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/378/0536-01" ] }, { "cite": "19 NE2d 368", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "370 Ill 491", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2562342 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "493" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/370/0491-01" ] }, { "cite": "26 NE2d 872", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "373 Ill 482", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2531296 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "486" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/373/0482-01" ] }, { "cite": "221 NE2d 302", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "76 Ill App2d 30", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2576603 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/76/0030-01" ] }, { "cite": "81 NE2d 192", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "400 Ill 482", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5306900 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/400/0482-01" ] }, { "cite": "94 NE2d 185", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "406 Ill 259", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2633923 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/406/0259-01" ] }, { "cite": "97 NE2d 341", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "408 Ill 508", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2643869 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/408/0508-01" ] }, { "cite": "99 NE2d 337", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "409 Ill 306", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5310494 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "311" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/409/0306-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1011, "char_count": 25146, "ocr_confidence": 0.602, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.3896134765785201e-07, "percentile": 0.6424666071265158 }, "sha256": "272633fac3e6f17e7212e9dd775343ac05435f58751306fa59ef7eb3360dcffc", "simhash": "1:11a8f6d4f5aec725", "word_count": 4357 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:10:08.662020+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "St. Louis Union Trust Company, Executor of the Will of William G. Hearne, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James G. Hearne, Susan Hearne Wood, and Edwardsville National Bank and Trust Company, as Administrator with Will Annexed of the Estate of Elizabeth Ellen Hearne and as Successor in Title to the Trust Estate of the Residuary Trust Under the Will of Frank P. Hearne, Defendants-Appellants." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "EBERSPACHER, J.\nThis action was brought to construe the language which created the residuary trust under the Will of Frank P. Hearne, deceased. The action was brought by the St. Louis Union Trust Company as executor of the Will of William G. Hearne, deceased. William G. Hearne, deceased, was a son of the testator whose will created the trust. The parties defendant are James G. Hearne and Susan Hearne Wood, a son and daughter respectively of the testator, Frank P. Hearne, deceased, and Edwards-ville National Bank and Trust Company, the administrator with the will annexed of the Estate of Elizabeth Ellen Hearne and as Successor in Title of the Trust Estate of the Residuary Trust under the Will of Frank P. Hearne, deceased. The defendants prosecute this appeal from a decree entered in favor of the plaintiff, St. Louis Union Trust Company.\nFrank P. Hearne died May 12, 1935. He left surviving his wife, Elizabeth Ellen Hearne and three children, William G. Hearne, James G. Hearne and Susan Hearne Wood. The will of Frank P. Hearne was admitted to probate on July 15, 1935. The portions applicable to this appeal provide as follows:\n\u201cITEM 4. All the rest, residue and remainder of my estate, real, personal or mixed, of whatsoever nature or wheresoever situate, which I may own or have the right to dispose of at the time of my decease, I give, devise, and bequeath to Mercantile-Commerce Bank & Trust Company and my beloved wife, Elizabeth Ellen Hearne, IN TRUST, NEVERTHELESS, to pay the net income of the trust fund in twelve (12) installments per annum to my said beloved wife, Elizabeth Ellen Hearne, so long as she shall live, with the right and privilege of giving Twenty-five Thousand ($25,000.00) Dollars of said trust fund to my said wife, Elizabeth Ellen Hearne at any time she may desire the same, in addition to the income from the trust funds as aforesaid.\u201d (Then follows three paragraphs devoted to the powers of the trustees which provide in substance that the trustees shall hold and manage the trust fund according to their sole judgment and discretion.)\n\u201cAt the death of my beloved wife, Elizabeth Ellen Hearne, this trust estate shall terminate and the principal of the trust then remaining shall be paid unto my children, William G. Hearne, James G. Hearne, and Susan Hearne Wood, share and share alike, or if they or either of them be deceased, then share and share alike unto such child or children of such deceased child or children of mine, in the place and stead of such deceased child or children of mine; but in no event unto such surviving child or children of any deceased child of mine until such surviving child or children of such deceased child shall have reached the age of twenty-five (25) years.\u201d (Then follows a paragraph creating a trust for a child or children of a deceased child not having reached the age of 25 years.)\nMercantile-Commerce Bank and Trust Company declined to accept the trusteeship and the widow acted as sole trustee and managed the trust estate until her death on November 17, 1963. The will of Elizabeth Ellen Hearne was admitted to probate on December 13, 1963. In this will she had appointed her son, William G. Hearne, executor, but by reason of his death, the Edwardsville National Bank and Trust Company was appointed Administrator with Will Annexed of her estate and succeeded as trustee under the will of Frank P. Hearne.\nAs stated above, William G. Hearne predeceased his mother, having died on September 26, 1962. William was survived by his wife but left no children. His will was admitted to probate in the Probate Court of Madison County, Illinois, and the St. Louis Union Trust Company, the plaintiff herein, was appointed executor.\nIn the complaint filed by the plaintiff it is alleged that the administrator of the estate of Elizabeth Ellen Hearne and successor trustee proposes to make a distribution of all of the remaining assets of the Frank P. Hearne estate to the two surviving children, namely, James G. Hearne and Susan Hearne Wood. The complaint seeks a construction that the will create a vested remainder interest in the three children of the testator or in the alternative that the will violated the rule against perpetuities.\nThe answer of the defendant, Edwardsville National Bank, admits that it intended to make a final distribution to the two named children and the answers of all three defendants seek a construction of the will which would sustain such a distribution.\nAfter a full hearing on the matter the Court entered an order finding for the plaintiff. At the same time an extensive and scholarly written opinion was filed by the Court in support of its findings and order. A subsequent decree was entered pursuant to such order which found that the provision here at issue created a vested remainder in the children of the testator upon the condition that it could be divested if any of the children who predeceased the life tenant had surviving a child or children and as such was a vested remainder, subject to a condition subsequent. Accordingly, the Court held that since William G. Hearne did not have any surviving child the gift over in event of death of a remainderman failed and his interest became absolute and should go to his estate to be disposed of by his will. The Court further in its decree assessed a portion of the plaintiff\u2019s attorney fees against the defendants, James G. Hearne\u2019s and Susan Hearne Wood\u2019s share of the trust estate.\nThis appeal brought by all of the defendants seeks a determination of three issues: (1) whether the estate of William G. Hearne, deceased, had any interest in the Frank P. Hearne residuary trust in view of William G. Hearne\u2019s death prior to the death of the life tenant, Elizabeth Ellen Hearne; (2) whether the remainder interest violated the rule against perpetuities; (3) whether the assessment of attorney fees was error.\nThe cardinal rule of testamentary construction to which all other rules must yield is to ascertain the intention of the testator from the will itself and to effectuate this intention unless contrary to some established rule of law and public policy. Vollmer v. McGowan, 409 Ill 306, 311, 99 NE2d 337. The defendants urge that although the trial court acknowledged the prominence of such rule the court relied primarily upon the application of technical rules of construction rather than the actual meaning of the words employed in the entire will.\nThe defendants urge that the intention of the testator is clear and concise; that the will consistently expresses preference for the testator\u2019s wife and lineal descendants; that the will consistently expresses an intention of the testator to benefit his children who were alive at the death of his widow. The plaintiff, on the other hand, urges with equal force that the intention of the testator reflects that no one is to take the share of the deceased child unless the deceased child leaves a child who survives. The defendants in support of their contention direct our attention to Item 7 of the will. The defendants urge that the phrase \u201cwife and family\u201d as used in the context of Item 7 must be interpreted to mean that the testator did not consider his own wife to be a part of his family and that accordingly it would be unreasonable to presume that the testator in the use and reference to his \u201cwife and family\u201d intended to include the wife of any of his children as \u201cfamily.\u201d The plaintiff argues with equal persuasion that the testator expressed a normal desire to divide his estate equally among his three children and to provide for his grandchildren in the event of the death of their parent during the existence of the trust. To bolster their argument the plaintiff argues that the testator was well aware of the means by which he could have precluded the vesting as is indicated by the language he used in that part of Item 4 not heretofore quoted and Item 3 which refers to a separate trust.\nThe only conclusion that can be reached is that the ambiguity of the language requires the application of rules of construction. Trabue v. Gillhan, 408 Ill 508, 97 NE2d 341; Storkan v. Ziska, 406 Ill 259, 94 NE2d 185.\nThere are certain general rules of construction which must be kept in mind in determining whether an interest is vested or contingent. First, the law favors vesting of estates at the earliest possible moment; second, where one of two constructions is possible, the construction that a devise is vested and not contingent will be adopted; and third, if a donor or testator clearly intends to postpone vesting, that intention must be given effect. Peadro v. Peadro, 400 Ill 482, 81 NE2d 192; Baker v. Bates, 76 Ill App2d 30, 221 NE2d 302.\nIn determining whether the intention of the testator was to create a vested remainder or a contigent remainder our Supreme Court in Danz v. Danz, 373 Ill 482, 486, 26 NE2d 872 has said:\n\u201cIf the conditional element is incorporated into the description of, or into the gift to the remainderman then the remainder is contingent; if after words giving a vested interest a clause is added divesting it, the remainder is vested. A pertinent application of this rule would be in case of a devise to \u2018A\u2019 for life, remainder to his children, but if any child dies during the lifetime of \u2018A,\u2019 his share to go to those who survive, the share is vested subject to being divested by its death. But if the devise is to \u2018A\u2019 for life, remainder to such child of his children as survive him the remainder is contingent.\u201d\nAlso see Storkan v. Ziska, 406 Ill 259, 94 NE2d 185; Smith v. Shepard, 370 Ill 491, 19 NE2d 368; Fleshner v. Fleshner, 378 Ill 536, 539, 39 NE2d 9.\nThe main thing which distinguishes a vested from a contingent remainder is its present capacity to take effect in possession in a determinate person immediately upon the determination of the particular estate. In the one case there is a person in being ascertained and ready to take with a present right of future enjoyment, while in the other there is either no ascertained person in being ready to take immediately upon the determination of the particular estate or it is uncertain whether the event upon which the estate is to vest will ever happen. It is the uncertainty of the right to take property, and not the enjoyment of it, that distinguishes a contingent from a vested remainder. Riddle v. Killian, 366 Ill 294, 8 NE2d 629.\nThe words \u201cafter the death of my wife,\u201d of themselves do not postpone the vesting of the estate. Such words, unaccompanied by other controlling language, have been held to mean that the distribution or the enjoyment in possession of the property granted is to be postponed to let in the life estate, but the remainders created are vested, and that such words as \u201cafter the death of my wife\u201d relate to the time of enjoyment and not to the time of vesting. Barker v. Walker, 403 Ill 230, 307, 85 NE 2d 748; Dustin v. Brown, 297 Ill 499, 130 NE 859; Whittaker v. Porter, 321 Ill 368, 151 NE 905; Fleshner v. Fleshner, 378 Ill 536, 39 NE2d 9.\nAppellants have contended that since testator used the words \u201cmy wife and family\u201d in Item 7 that he did not consider a spouse of his children as a part of the family. It is only natural that he should separate wife from family because he realized his wife could renounce her life estate and the other members of his family could not. This is evidenced by his expression of the desire \u201cthat my wife assent to this Will.\u201d Family may include relations by marriage. Marble v. Estate of Marble, 304 Ill 229, 236, 136 NE 589. The will did not say he wished only his descendants to ultimately benefit; and there is no evidence that he intended to discriminate between the spouses of his children who failed to outlive his wife and their mother, and those who did outlive his wife and their mother.\nThe contention that testator\u2019s children had only a contingent remainder unless they survived their mother, reads into the will words of survivorship which are not present. The fact that treating the gift to children as vested results in one-third going to an in-law instead of to surviving children does not justify reading words of survival into the will. Arguments similar to those presented here regarding family and a desire to keep the estate in hands of lineal defendants were rejected in Warner v. Warner, 237 F2d 561, 564, (App DC), the Court relying in part on DeKorwin v. First Nat. Bank of Chicago, 179 F2d 347, (7th CCA, Ill).\nAppellants also contend that there are no direct words of devise or gift to any of the beneficiaries of the residuary trust. There were direct words of devise and gift to the trustee and direct words that on the death of the widow the principal should be paid to the three children. Illinois cases have held that remainders similar to that of William G. Hearne\u2019s were vested even though there were no direct words of conveyance to the remainderman. See DeKorwin v. First Nat. Bank of Chicago, supra; Smith v. Shepard, 370 Ill 491, 493, 19 NE2d 368; People v. Allen, 313 Ill 156, 158,144 NE 800; Warner v. Warner, supra.\nObviously the gift to the Hearne children was not a class gift, those who were to be paid the proceeds were not only individually named but their share was made certain by the words \u201cshare and share alike.\u201d See Strohm v. McMullen, 404 Ill 453, 89 NE2d 383; and Peadro v. Peadro, supra.\nThe remainder limited to the three children was vested. However, the critical question as we see it, is the effect of the language of divestiture employed by the will. The conditions under which the interest of William G. Hearne would be divested are found in the phrase \u201cor if they or either of them be deceased, then share and share alike unto such child or children of such deceased child or children of mine;....\u201d Under the present facts the gift over has failed since William G. Hearne did not leave a child or children. This being true, the divestiture is incomplete. The failure of the gift over rendered the conditional estate absolute, Burkholder v. Burkholder, 412 Ill 535, 107 NE2d 729; McGlothin v. McElvain, 407 Ill 142, 95 NE2d 68. It follows that William G. Hearne\u2019s remainder interest became a fee simple absolute and his interest went to his estate to be disposed of in accordance with his will.\nNot only is this construction supported by Burkholder, supra, and McGlothin, supra, but is supported likewise by leading textbook authorities on future interests in Illinois. See Carey and Schuyler, Illinois Law of Future Interests, \u00a7 176 (1954 Cum PP, p 136) wherein McGlothin and Burkholder are discussed; and after quoting the language of the Burkholder will, points out that in that case one of the testator\u2019s children had predeceased the widow, leaving no child surviving him, and in the partition proceeding it was argued that the deceased child\u2019s share of the real estate did not pass as a part of his estate but passed as a part of the estate of the testator. The authors then say:\n\u201cApparently this contention was based in part on the notion that the event upon which the gift in remainder to the deceased son was to be divested had occurred, notwithstanding the fact that the property was to go over only if any child died \u2018leaving surviving\u2019 a child or children and the further fact that the son had not left a child surviving him. In other words, it must have been urged that the taking effect of the gift over was not a part of the divesting contingency. It should be noted that this was in no event a proper argument for the unambiguous language of the will was in itself not susceptible of the interpretation that divestiture could occur unless a remainderman died leaving children surviving.\u201d\nWe do not consider the language of Hearne\u2019s will susceptible of the interpretation that divestiture of one of his children could occur when such child died leaving no child or children. There is an absence here of any well-founded showing that Hearne intended to favor his children who had children over those who did not, nor is there such showing that the testator wished to favor his long-lived children over his shorter-lived ones. Furthermore, the drafter of his will knew how to prevent vesting (See items 3, 4 and 7 of the Hearne will) if such had been the testator\u2019s intention.\nThe view that the remainder devised to William G. Hearne was a fee subject to a condition subsequent which could only be divested by his death leaving a child or children is not only supported by Burkholder, but is the majority view. See 28 Am Jur2d, Estates, \u00a7 296, wherein it is stated, \u201cThe greater number of decisions, however, proceed on the theory that divestment occurs only on death leaving issue, and that there is no divestment by death without issue.\u201d Such view is likewise supported by the American Law Institute Restatement of the Law of Property, Vol 111, Future Interests, \u00a7 254, p 1284:\n\u201cA. Limitations which come within the rule stated in this Section are commonly of some one of three types. In the first of these types the gift over is to take effect if the taker dies survived by children (or issue) but no provision is found for the situation in which the taker dies unsurvived by children (or issue) (See Illustration 1). . . .\n\u201cIllustrations:\n\u201c1. A, owning Blackacre in fee simple absolute, effectively devises Blackacre \u2018to B for life, remainder to B\u2019s children, but if any child of B predeceased B, survived by children, then such persons shall take the parent\u2019s share\u2019. B has children C and D.\n\u201cI. C has children E and F. C\u2019s remainder is subject to defeasance by C failing to survive B if, but only if, E or F or other issue of C is alive at the time of C\u2019s death.\n\u201cII. D dies without ever having had issue. B dies. The vested remainder originally created in D is not defeated by D\u2019s failure to survive B.\u201d\nThat the above rule is applicable here is apparent when we designate Frank P. Hearne, the testator as A, his widow Elizabeth as B, his daughter Mrs. Wood or son James G. Hearne as C, and his deceased son William G. Hearne, as D.\nBy reaching the decision that we have, i. e., that the remainder interest was vested in William G. Hearne, we have necessarily foreclosured ourselves as to any question as to the Rule against perpetuities. McKibben v. Pioneer Trust & Savings Bank, 365 Ill 369, 6 NE2d 619; Griffin v. Griffin, 29 Ill2d 354, 194 NE2d 641.\nThe last issue presented by the defendants pertains to the attorney fees allowed by the court in favor of the plaintiff\u2019s attorneys. In the decree entered by the court attorney fees in a specific amount were allowed by the court. The order also provided that specific portion of the total amount, which was Ys of the total attorney fees allowed, would be paid by the Defendant Administrator from the James G. Hearne and Susan Hearne Wood shares of the trust estate of Frank P. Hearne, deceased, and the balance or remaining % from the William G. Hearne share of said trust estate. Only the Ys payable from the trust could be an issue in this appeal.\nThe gist of the defendants\u2019 argument is threefold:\n(a) Attorney fees in will construction suits should not be taxed against the corpus of the estate where the will is not ambiguous and does not require construction; (b) Attorney fees in will construction suits should not be taxed against the corpus where the plaintiff is seeking personal gain only, to enforce an interest for his own personal account and not for the benefit of the estate; and (c) Attorney fees in will construction suits must be reasonable and equitable.\nWe shall deal with the defendants\u2019 arguments in the order in which they are presented above. As to the defendants\u2019 first argument that the will was clear and unambiguous and does not necessitate construction, we believe the language of the Court in Orme v. Northern Trust Co., 25 Ill2d 151, 165, 183 NE2d 505, to be applicable:\n\u201cIn will construction cases the costs of litigation are borne by the estate on the theory that the testator expressed his intention so ambiguously as to necessitate construction of the instrument in order to resolve adverse claims to the property. (Dean v. Northern Trust Co., 266 Ill 205.) Legal fees are allowed to a party even though the construction adopted is adverse to his claim. (Ingraham v. Ingraham, 169 Ill 432, 471; Haight v. Boyce, 274 Ill 162.) However such fees should not be authorized where such construction is unnecessary. . . . The criterion is whether an honest difference of opinion exists. In re Estate of Reeve, 393 Ill 272, 294; La Salle Nat. Bank v. MacDonald, 2 Ill2d 581, 589; Strickland v. Strickland, 271 Ill 614.\u201d\nThe present case certainly fits into the criterion as to whether an honest difference of opinion exists as is apparent from the litigation as of this date, and by the very fact that the defendant has prosecuted this appeal. Furthermore, by the admission of the successor trustee in its answer, some action was necessary to correct the construction it was using in its proposed distribution.\nAs to the defendants\u2019 second argument that attorney fees should not be taxed against the corpus where the plaintiff is seeking personal gain only, the defendants have cited as authority Waxenberg v. Brown, 299 Ill App 225, 20 NE2d 150. In that case the court found that the plaintiff had forfeited his interest in the testate property by contesting the will and that the plaintiff was seeking relief as an heir at law of the testator. The facts in the present case are the converse. The plaintiff here is seeking a will construction on behalf of the estate of William G. Hearne as a vested remainderman of the trust created under the will of the testator. We also note that the construction which the plaintiff sought applied to the entire remainder of the trust. We might also note that in any will construction suit the plaintiff will always be seeking to enforce a personal interest in varying degrees.\nAs to the amount of the attorney fees which are objected to by the defendant, we will not disturb the opinion of the trial court which made specific findings as to the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved, the skill requisite to conduct the cause and the benefits resulting from such services.\nThe decree of the Circuit Court of Madison County, Illinois, is accordingly, affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.\nGOLDENHERSH and MORAN, JJ., concur.\n\u201cITEM 7. This will has been carefully planned by me and it is my deliberate judgment that all of its provisions are wise and just and that the plan as a whole will prove beneficial and satisfactory to my wife and family. It is, therefore, my desire that my wife assent to this will and cooperate with this plan which I am confident will work to the advantage and welfare of herself and of the family as a whole.\u201d\n\u201cITEM 3. . . . No title in the trust estate hereby created or in the income accruing therefrom or in its accumulation shall vest in the beneficiary, and the beneficiary shall not have the right or power to transfer, assign, anticipate or encumber his interest in said estate or the income therefrom prior to the actual distribution thereof by said trustee to said beneficiary. . . .\n\u201cITEM 4. ... In the event a child or children of a deceased child or children of mine, not having reached the age of twenty-five (25) years, inherit under this will, except my grandchild, James Scott Biggs, such inheritance due him or her shall be held in trust for such child or children by his then remaining parent, if there be such, otherwise by the Mercantile-Commerce Bank & Trust Company of St. Louis, until such child or children attain the age of twenty-five (25) years, with no title in such trust estate or the income accruing therefrom, or its accumulation, vesting in such beneficiary; and the beneficiary shall not have the right or power to transfer, assign, anticipate or encumber his interest in said estate or the income therefrom prior to the actual distribution thereof by said trustee to said beneficiary, and neither the income nor principal shall be liable in any manner in the possession of the trustee for the debts, contracts, or engagements of the beneficiaries. The beneficiary shall not be permitted to appoint any agent or attorney-in-fact, except as may be specifically permitted by the trustee, to collect or receive such income or principal, if such agent or attorney-in-fact has directly or indirectly advanced any of such income or principal to such beneficiary.\na", "type": "majority", "author": "EBERSPACHER, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Hoagland, Maucker, Bernard & Almeter, of Alton (Karl K. Hoagland, Jr., of counsel) and Dick H. Mudge, Jr., of Edwardsville, for appellants.", "Schlafly, Godfrey & Fitzgerald, of Alton, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "St. Louis Union Trust Company, Executor of the Will of William G. Hearne, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James G. Hearne, Susan Hearne Wood, and Edwardsville National Bank and Trust Company, as Administrator with Will Annexed of the Estate of Elizabeth Ellen Hearne and as Successor in Title to the Trust Estate of the Residuary Trust Under the Will of Frank P. Hearne, Defendants-Appellants.\nGen. No. 68-63.\nFifth District.\nAugust 11,1969.\nRehearing denied September 23,1969.\nHoagland, Maucker, Bernard & Almeter, of Alton (Karl K. Hoagland, Jr., of counsel) and Dick H. Mudge, Jr., of Edwardsville, for appellants.\nSchlafly, Godfrey & Fitzgerald, of Alton, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0411-01", "first_page_order": 417, "last_page_order": 432 }