{
  "id": 2533134,
  "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Ruby Reeves, Defendant-Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Reeves",
  "decision_date": "1971-04-13",
  "docket_number": "No. 54897",
  "first_page": "789",
  "last_page": "792",
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    "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.",
    "id": 8837,
    "name": "Illinois Appellate Court"
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:45:25.950864+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Ruby Reeves, Defendant-Appellant."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. JUSTICE STAMOS\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant was convicted in a bench trial of unlawful possession of narcotic drugs (Ill. Rev. Stat. (1969), ch. 38, par. 22 \u2014 3), and sentenced to one year\u2019s probation. Defendant appeals and contends that she was not proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.\nOFFICER RIJON, testified on behalf of the State:\nHe is in charge of the \"cage\u201d at Cook County Jail. On September 9, 1960, he saw defendant bring in a bundle of clothes for her brother who was then an inmate of the jail. Normal procedure is to search packages brought to prisoners. In searching defendant\u2019s bundle, he discovered a small package in a sweater. (The prosecutor then read into the record the fact that the crime laboratory had determined the foil packet contained 2.8 grams of marijuana).\nOn cross-examination he testified that he didn\u2019t know whether the sweater was on top or at the bottom of the bag. The sweater which had been bundled up in the bag was black and the packet was found in the top pocket. After discovering the packet he called the deputy warden because he didn\u2019t know what it was. The deputy warden sent down an officer who took defendant upstairs where they advised her of her rights. He was also called upstairs. Defendant related to him that she had no knowledge of the marijuana.\nRURY REEVES, testified on her own behalf:\nOn September 9, 1969, she was visiting her older brother in the jail and had brought some clothes for him from her mother\u2019s house. She doesn\u2019t live with her mother, but her older brother does. The clothes belonged to her older brother. The clothes were given her by her younger brother. She also obtained the paper bag at her mother\u2019s house.\nShe remembers the black sweater which was placed on top in the bag. She took the bag to the jail, but since the \u201cbundle room\u201d was crowded she took the bag directly upstairs and checked it with an officer who gave her a receipt. She then visited her brother after which time, she returned to claim the bag. However, she had to wait for the officer to return in order to claim the bag. The bag had been left in a large open check area. After the officer returned she claimed the bag and proceeded downstairs to the \"bundle room\u201d where it was searched.\nShe had brought clothes to her brother in jail on two previous occasions and had noticed that on both prior occasions the bundles had been searched. She did not commit this crime.\nAfter hearing the above testimony, the trial court found defendant guilty of unlawful possession of narcotic drugs and sentenced her to one year\u2019s probation.\nDefendant contends that the State failed to prove her guilty beyond a reasonable doubt because there was no showing that she had knowledge of the presence of marijuana in the sweater pocket.\nPar. 4 \u2014 2 (Ill. Rev. Stat., 1969, ch. 38) provides:\n\u201cPossession is a voluntary act if the offender knowingly procured or received the thing possessed, or was aware of his control thereof for a sufficient time to have been able to terminate his possession.\u201d\nIn People v. Pigrenet, 26 Ill.2d 224, 227, the court cited State v. Nicolosi, 228 La. 65, 81 So.2d 771:\n\u201c \u201cPossession without knowledge of such possession is not possession in the legal sense of that word * * * Knowledge is therefore an essential ingredient of the crime of possession of narcotics.\u2019 \u201d\nThe court in Pigrenet further stated:\n\u201c\u2018[Ajlthough the element of knowledge is seldom susceptible of direct proof it may be proved by evidence of acts, declarations or conduct of the accused from which the inference may fairly be drawn that he knew of the existence of the narcotics at the place where they were found.\u201d\nWhile in the present case it is undisputed that defendant had possession of the marijuana at the time of the search, the State has failed to present any facts to show that defendant knew of the presence of the marijuana. Nor can such knowledge he inferred from defendant\u2019s acts, declarations or conduct.\nDefendant testified that she was given the clothes by her younger brother; that the clothes were packed in a bag at her mother\u2019s house and that she had no knowledge of the presence of marijuana. Also persuasive of defendant\u2019s lack of knowledge was her testimony that she had seen the bundles searched at the jail on two prior occasions when she had delivered clothes to her brother. The State chose not to cross-examine her. The inference to be drawn from the facts is that she had no knowledge of the presence of the marijuana.\nThe State asserts that as long as the facts demonstrate the defendant could or should have known of the presence of marijuana, that is sufficient to sustain conviction.\nIn support of this contention, the State cites People v. Davis (1965), 33 Ill.2d 134. In that case the heroin was found in a tinfoil packet in plain sight on the floor of the driver\u2019s side of the car where defendant had been sitting. However, in the present case, the marijuana was inside the pocket of the sweater and not readily discemable. It is readily apparent that the inferences in the present case are clearly distinguishable from those in the Davis case.\nTherefore, we find that defendant was not proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Since we have determined to reverse we need not discuss defendant\u2019s other contentions as they further pertain to the issue of reasonable doubt.\nJudgment reversed.\nLEIGHTON, P. J., and McCORMICK, J., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. JUSTICE STAMOS"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Joel H. Kaplan, of Chicago, for appellant.",
      "Edward V. Hanrahan, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago, (Robert A. Novelle and Arthur Belkind, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel,) for the People."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Ruby Reeves, Defendant-Appellant.\n(No. 54897;\nFirst District\nApril 13, 1971.\nJoel H. Kaplan, of Chicago, for appellant.\nEdward V. Hanrahan, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago, (Robert A. Novelle and Arthur Belkind, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel,) for the People."
  },
  "file_name": "0789-01",
  "first_page_order": 813,
  "last_page_order": 816
}
