{ "id": 2474417, "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. J. B. Hayes, Defendant-Appellant; (The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Jerry Hayes, Defendant-Appellant.)", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Hayes", "decision_date": "1971-07-16", "docket_number": "Nos. 69-165, 69-156 cons.", "first_page": "885", "last_page": "890", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "133 Ill. App. 2d 885" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "239 N.E.2d 314", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "96 Ill.App.2d 441", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2537013 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/96/0441-01" ] }, { "cite": "153 N.E.2d 563", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "14 Ill.2d 594", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2769559 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/14/0594-01" ] }, { "cite": "166 N.E.2d 566", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "19 Ill.2d 292", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2742224 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/19/0292-01" ] }, { "cite": "25 N.E.2d 73", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "373 Ill. 102", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2529792 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/373/0102-01" ] }, { "cite": "25 L.Ed.2d 296", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "90 S.Ct. 1881", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "398 U.S. 954", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6258725, 6257766, 6258409, 6259722, 6259345, 6257393, 6256981, 6258105, 6259034 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/398/0954-06", "/us/398/0954-03", "/us/398/0954-05", "/us/398/0954-09", "/us/398/0954-08", "/us/398/0954-02", "/us/398/0954-01", "/us/398/0954-04", "/us/398/0954-07" ] }, { "cite": "255 N.E.2d 432", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "44 Ill.2d 244", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2890771 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "247" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/44/0244-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 N.E.2d 455", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "413 Ill. 123", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5313919 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/413/0123-01" ] }, { "cite": "188 N.E.2d 1", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "26 Ill.2d 557", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5356110 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/26/0557-01" ] }, { "cite": "189 N.E.2d 252", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "27 Ill.2d 339", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5359658 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/27/0339-01" ] }, { "cite": "12 Ill. 259", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2579621 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/12/0261-01" ] }, { "cite": "380 U.S. 609", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1524757 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/380/0609-01" ] }, { "cite": "259 N.E.2d 787", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "396 U.S. 398", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11334917 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1970, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/396/0398-01" ] }, { "cite": "395 U.S. 6", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1771825 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1970, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/395/0006-01" ] }, { "cite": "268 N.E.2d 369", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "48 Ill.2d 41", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2907139 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/48/0041-01" ] }, { "cite": "384 U.S. 436", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12046400 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/384/0436-01" ] }, { "cite": "241 N.E.2d 212", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "100 Ill. App.2d 436", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2820469 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/100/0436-01" ] }, { "cite": "224 N.E.2d 822", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "37 Ill.2d 40", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2864813 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/37/0040-01" ] }, { "cite": "167 N.E.2d 185", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "19 Ill.2d 310", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2743118 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/19/0310-01" ] }, { "cite": "239 N.E.2d 466", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "97 Ill.App.2d 43", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2476404 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/97/0043-01" ] }, { "cite": "264 N.E.2d 898", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "131 Ill.App.2d 415", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2906150 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/131/0415-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 668, "char_count": 11821, "ocr_confidence": 0.756, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.8449237247449347e-07, "percentile": 0.7226913615427 }, "sha256": "b1441ca4d3143984d25a75663f1e45a7476a434ca902a8540a8ebfb3bc830a8e", "simhash": "1:2d6974e92fe88ff2", "word_count": 1990 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:40:15.946523+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. J. B. Hayes, Defendant-Appellant\u2014(The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Jerry Hayes, Defendant-Appellant.)" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. JUSTICE JONES\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nJames Jerry Hayes and J. B. Hayes and Douglas K. Over were indicted for theft in \u201cthat they knowingly obtained control over an automobile having a value exceeding One Hundred Fifty Dollars ($150.00), the property of Barbara Tyree, with intent to deprive the said Barbara Tyree permanently of the use and benefit of said property, in violation of Paragraph 16 \u2014 1, Chapter 38, Illinois Revised Statutes.\u201d\nThe indictment was dismissed as to Douglas K. Over prior to trial. After a trial by jury defendants J. B. Hayes and James Jerry Hayes were found guilty. J. B. Hayes received a penitentiary sentence of not less than five years nor more than ten years, and James Jerry Hayes not less than two years nor more than ten years. The co-defendants Hayes prosecute their separate appeals to this court. As a matter of convenience these cases were heard and are being decided together.\nJames Jerry Hayes relies upon four grounds:\n(a) That the indictment was insufficient to comply with the statute and his conviction thereon cannot stand;\n(b) That the State did not prove him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt for want of sufficient proof of possession;\n(c) There was inadequate proof that the value of the property allegedly taken was in excess of $150.00; and\n(d) Error was committed when he was sentenced without a probation report.\nJ. B. Hayes relies upon the first three grounds above and he further argues:\n(1) That the State\u2019s proof was inadequate to prove that the alleged stolen automobile was the automobile in the defendant\u2019s possession;\n(2) That the unexplained possession of recently stolen goods violates the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent; and\n(3) That the State erred in a comment in argument and in the giving of an instruction.\nThe evidence established that on January 3, 1969, Barbara Tyree owned a red 1967 Camaro automobile which was discovered missing the following morning from in front of her home in St. Louis, Missouri. Approximately two years before the Tyrees had purchased the automobile for $2,700.00 and after the automobile was missing, they settled with their insurance company for $1,000.00 plus the balance of the outstanding loan on the automobile.\nSixteen days later a state patrolman stopped a tow-truck being driven by Douglas K. Over, with defendants J. B. Hayes and James Jerry Hayes as passengers. The tow-truck was pulling a red Camaro frame with the rear tires intact, which was subsequently identified by another state patrolman as bearing a hidden identification number, the same as that registered to Mrs. Tyree. The three occupants of the tow-truck were arrested at the scene and charged with illegal transportation of alcoholic liquor, based upon an open bottle of liquor found in the truck. The arresting officer testified that he did not receive any explanation from the defendants as to where the car came from in response to his direct question.\nThe tow-truck driver, the former co-defendant Over, testifying as a State\u2019s witness, said that J. B. Hayes asked him to tow this automobile for a consideration and that he, with J. B. Hayes and James Jerry Hayes, went to James Jerry Hayes\u2019 house and picked up the Camaro frame and that the three of them were riding along when the state patrolman pulled them over. He told the state patrolman on the scene that someone had called him on the phone and asked him to tow the car. The Monday following he advised FBI agents that he had received the telephone call from some unknown party to tow the vehicle.\nChapter 38, Paragraph 16 \u2014 1, Illinois Revised Statutes, provides in part:\n\u201cA person commits theft when he knowingly: (a) Obtains or exerts unauthorized control over the property of the owner;\nft ft ft \u00bb\nThe indictment here failed to include the word \u201cunauthorized.\u201d The defendants rely upon the omission as establishing the insufficiency of the indictment.\nPrecisely the same point was raised in People v. Wade, 131 Ill.App.2d 415, 264 N.E.2d 898, where it was held:\n\u201cHere, the failure to include the word unauthorized,\u2019 while not desirable, was not a substantial defect and was not a necessary element so as to render the complaint fatally defective.\u201d\nWe concur with the result reached by the court in that opinion and the reasons expressed therein and adopt them without setting them forth verbatim.\nThe State relies upon evidence of recent, exclusive and unexplained possession of stolen goods as being evidence of theft. This court has had occasion recently to consider the sufficiency of such evidence in People v. Hyde, 97 Ill.App.2d 43, 239 N.E.2d 466. In that case, we found that ex-elusive possession could be joint and, under circumstances similar to the facts here, that such evidence was sufficient to convict. We re-affirm that case here and find that under the circumstances present here the evidence was sufficient to support the jury verdict of guilty.\nThe evidence of Officer Wheeler as to identification of the vehicle as being that of Mrs. Tyree is sufficient where no objection was made to its competency. It is true that tire precise basis on which the officer made the identification of the serial number as being that of the vehicle owned by Mrs. Tyree does not appear in the record but it does appear that he made such identification at the trial and that there was no objection to his testimony in that regard. Such evidence is adequate where no objection is made. People v. Polk, 19 Ill.2d 310, 167 N.E.2d 185; People v. McCrimmon, 37 Ill.2d 40, 224 N.E.2d 822; People v. Griswold, 100 Ill. App.2d 436, 241 N.E.2d 212.\n\u00a9 3 As part of the State\u2019s case the arresting officer testified that he asked the defendants Hayes if they were the owner of the car being, towed and that they had replied that they were not. At a later point in his testimony the officer was asked by the prosecutor if he had received any explanation from either of the defendants as to where the car had come from and he replied that he had not. At the instance of the State the court gave I.P.I., Criminal, instruction 13.21, which told the jury that if they find defendants had exclusive possession of recently stolen property, and there was no reasonable explanation of such possession they could infer the defendants obtained possession by theft. During his final argument tire prosecutor commented two times that defendants had given no explanation of their possession of the car. Defendants now contend that the testimony, the instruction and the argument relating to \u201cunexplained possession\u201d was in contravention of their constitutional right to remain silent and of the rule laid down by Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436. Defendants\u2019 argument is not well taken. The record does not disclose any custodial interrogation to have taken place and thus there was no violation of the rule set forth in the Miranda case. (See People v. Thompson, 48 Ill.2d 41, 268 N.E.2d 369.) So far as appears there was only one question propounded by the arresting officer to the defendants and that came before their arrest and during the investigation stage of the case. That question was, \u201cI then asked James Jerry Hayes and J. B. Hayes if they were the owner of the car and they said they were not.\u201d This question and the circumstances under which it was asked of defendants is not the \u201cpolice custodial interrogation\u201d proscribed by Miranda. We do not believe, therefore, that the Miranda case can properly be construed as standing for the principle that the right to be silent when in custody makes the inference of guilt unjustifiable or incompetent, nor does it render the comment by the prosecutor improper.\nIt is further clear that the State\u2019s reliance upon the rule of recent unexplained stolen property was well placed and a sufficient basis upon which defendants\u2019 guilt may be predicated. The inference of guilt flowing from unexplained possession of recently stolen property has been permitted at least two times by the U.S. Supreme Court since the Miranda case, in Leary v. United States, 395 U.S. 6, 89 Sup.Ct. 1532, L.Ed. 2d 57, and Turner v. United States, 396 U.S. 398, 90 Sup.Ct. 642, 24 L.Ed.2d 610. And in People v. Whittaker (1970), 259 N.E.2d 787 the Illinois Supreme Court stated:\n\u201c[Defendants] argue that instructing the jury with regard to this common-law presumption, amounted to a comment on their failure to testify and, as such, constituted a violation of their fifth amendment rights as set forth in Griffin v. California (1965), 380 U.S. 609, 85 S.Ct. 1229, 14 L.Ed.2d 106. The presumption has existed in this jurisdiction since at least 1850 (Jones v. People, 12 Ill. 259) and continues today as a well settled principle. (See People v. Hawkins, 27 Ill.2d 339, 189 N.E.2d 252; People v. Woods, 26 Ill.2d 557, 188 N.E.2d 1; People v. Fiorito, 413 Ill. 123, 108 N.E.2d 455; IPI Criminal, sec. 13.21.) The validity of its use as a jury instruction has been sustained even as to an attack identical to that raised here. People v. Nilsson, 44 Ill.2d 244, 247, 255 N.E.2d 432, cert, denied 398 U.S. 954, 90 S.Ct. 1881, 25 L.Ed.2d 296; People v. Kulig, 373 Ill. 102, 25 N.E.2d 73.\nThe indictments charged the defendants with having committed the offense of theft of property valued in excess of $150.00 in the State of Illinois on January 19, 1971. Our search of the record in this case failed to disclose any competent evidence from which it could be determined that the value of the stolen automobile, in the condition it existed at the time of defendants\u2019 arrest and possession on January 19, 1971, was in excess of $150.00. The amount the Tryees received from their insurance company was not competent or relevant evidence under the circumstances revealed here when the defendants were found with an unvalued stripped-down chassis. There was no attempt made to fix a value of the frame found in the possession of the defendants. This is the property which is the subject of the theft charge. The value of the automobile at the time of its disappearance in Missouri is of no consequence. The criterion is the fair cash market value of the property and not its cost. (People v. Rose, 19 Ill.2d 292, 166 N.E.2d 566; People v. Todaro, 14 Ill.2d 594, 153 N.E.2d 563.) Accordingly, pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 615(b)(3) (Illinois Revised Statutes, Chapter 110A, Section 615 (b)(3)) we reduce the degree of the offense of which defendants were convicted to theft of property not exceeding $150.00 in value and remand tire case to the trial court for re-sentencing for such conviction.\nOne of the contentions of the defendant James Jerry Hayes is that he was illegally sentenced without filing of a probation report. We do not interpret People v. McAndrew, 96 Ill.App.2d 441, 239 N.E.2d 314, cited by him, to hold that sentencing without a probation report is improper or invalid. A probation report may be an assistance to the court on the occasion of sentencing, but a probation report is not a requirement of law or statute. See IUinois Revised Statutes, Chapter 38, Section 1 \u2014 7.\nJudgment of guilty affirmed; conviction reduced to that of theft of property not exceeding $150.00 in value; cause remanded for re-sentencing.\nEBERSPACHER and G. MORAN, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. JUSTICE JONES" } ], "attorneys": [ "Wagner, Conner, Ferguson, Bertrand & Baker, of Belleville, and Cohn, Korein, Kunin & Brennan, of East St. Louis, (Paul M. Storment, Jr., Robert W. Schmieder, and Joel A. Kunin, of counsel,) for appellants.", "Robert H. Rice, State\u2019s Attorney, of Belleville, (Joseph B. McDonnell, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel,) for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. J. B. Hayes, Defendant-Appellant\u2014(The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Jerry Hayes, Defendant-Appellant.)\n(Nos. 69-165, 69-156 cons.;\nFifth District\nJuly 16, 1971.\nWagner, Conner, Ferguson, Bertrand & Baker, of Belleville, and Cohn, Korein, Kunin & Brennan, of East St. Louis, (Paul M. Storment, Jr., Robert W. Schmieder, and Joel A. Kunin, of counsel,) for appellants.\nRobert H. Rice, State\u2019s Attorney, of Belleville, (Joseph B. McDonnell, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel,) for the People." }, "file_name": "0885-01", "first_page_order": 907, "last_page_order": 912 }