{ "id": 5201302, "name": "David W. Hall, Jr., d/b/a Hall Industries and Hall Industries, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Frank Gruesen, d/b/a Gardencraft, Mutual Metal Manufacturing Co., a corporation, and C. D. Cash Mfg. Co., a corporation, Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Hall v. Gruesen", "decision_date": "1959-09-14", "docket_number": "Gen. No. 47,656", "first_page": "465", "last_page": "471", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "22 Ill. App. 2d 465" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "326 Ill. App. 252", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 4943808, 4945928 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/326/0252-01", "/ill-app/326/0252-02" ] }, { "cite": "178 Ill. App. 487", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 8500390 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/178/0487-01" ] }, { "cite": "5 Ill.App.2d 485", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5137166 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "494-495" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/5/0485-01" ] }, { "cite": "348 Ill. App. 378", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5095379 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "384-5" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/348/0378-01" ] }, { "cite": "306 Ill. App. 468", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5569957 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/306/0468-01" ] }, { "cite": "192 Ill. 138", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5577771 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/192/0138-01" ] }, { "cite": "330 Ill. App. 343", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3412140 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "359-360" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/330/0343-01" ] }, { "cite": "236 Ill. App. 89", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3110507 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/236/0089-01" ] }, { "cite": "246 Ill. App. 558", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3341372 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "560" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/246/0558-01" ] }, { "cite": "110 Ill. 427", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5371658 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/110/0427-01" ] }, { "cite": "315 Ill. App. 594", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5646972 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "598" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/315/0594-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 451, "char_count": 7460, "ocr_confidence": 0.52, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.9068539716679274e-07, "percentile": 0.9019819302206422 }, "sha256": "5dfc0130713e5fe9731acc1adcf117f546a9ccdaef701b540d2ab2b737788666", "simhash": "1:e2a71d337e31d5b4", "word_count": 1240 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:25:07.194887+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "DEMPSEY, P. J. and McCORMICK, J., concur." ], "parties": [ "David W. Hall, Jr., d/b/a Hall Industries and Hall Industries, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Frank Gruesen, d/b/a Gardencraft, Mutual Metal Manufacturing Co., a corporation, and C. D. Cash Mfg. Co., a corporation, Defendants-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE SCHWARTZ\ndelivered the opinion of the court.\nThis is a suit for damages for breach by defendants, Gruesen, Mutual Metal Mfg. Co. (Mutual) and C. D. Cash Mfg. Co. (Cash), of a contract to manufacture and deliver goods ordered by plaintiff. The complaint consists of three counts. Gruesen was not served. A motion by defendants Mutual and Cash to strike Counts 1 and 2 was sustained by the court, and the suit was dismissed as to Mutual. The third count charged Cash with failure to return wire display racks and signs delivered to it, to be shipped with orders to plaintiff\u2019s customers, for use in displaying merchandise. A judgment by consent was entered on that count against Cash for $217.50.\nThe amended complaint alleges that defendant Gruesen was engaged in the manufacture and sale of hand garden tools with defendants Mntnal and Cash, apparently under the trade name of \u201cGardencraft\u201d; that Gruesen agreed to manufacture these tools for plaintiff for the season 1956-57, to be sold under plaintiff\u2019s name as the manufacturer; that prior to November 29, 1956, plaintiff had forwarded to Grue-sen orders for 4705 units to be delivered to purchaser; that on December 10, 1956, Gruesen notified plaintiff that he had made a contract with Mutual and Cash to manufacture the tools, and that thereafter Mutual and Cash agreed with plaintiff to manufacture, assemble, package, label and ship the tools in accordance with the orders plaintiff had given Gruesen and for such additional orders as plaintiff would place through him; that relying on these agreements, plaintiff placed an order with Gruesen on or about January 3, 1957, for a large quantity of tools and \u201cpaid Gruesen, with the knowledge and consent of Mutual and Gash, $2000\u201d; that defendants did manufacture and ship 11,071 units of \u201c \u2018Gardencraft garden\u2019 tools,\u201d but failed and refused to ship 20,948 units, orders for which they had \u201caccepted from the plaintiff,\u201d and as a consequence, plaintiff was damaged. The complaint sets forth in detail extensive damages.\nThe first question to be determined is whether the amended complaint sets forth a cause of action against defendants Mutual and Cash. It alleges specifically that Mutual and Cash agreed with plaintiff to manufacture the tools in accordance with orders plaintiff had given Gruesen and for additional orders, and in reliance on that agreement, plaintiff placed the order of January 3, 1957. The averments are not in that precise language at one time required, but under the Practice Act, pleadings are liberally construed with a view to doing substantial justice between the parties. (Ill. Rev. St. 1957, Ch. 110, Par. 33.) This is not an idle generality to which only lip service need be paid. It is the pronouncement of a burial service for the formalities of CMtty and the rigors of common law pleading. The intricate and complex relationships of contemporary business enterprises make it impossible to state a modern mercantile arrangement within the bounds set by Chitty and his predecessors. The essential test of a complaint is that it inform the defendant of a valid claim. Snook v. Shaw, 315 Ill. App. 594, 598; Ill. Rev. Stat., 1957, Ch. 110, Par. 42(2). Construing the contract liberally, to the end that plaintiff may be given an opportunity to prove what he alleges in his complaint, we think the allegations of Counts 1 and 2 are sufficient to require defendants to answer.\nThe contract to purchase from Gruesen such amount of tools as plaintiff \u201cwould need\u201d for the 1956-57 season possessed adequate mutuality of obligation. National Furnace Co. v. Keystone Mfg. Co., 110 Ill. 427. However, the agreement with Mutual and Cash, as stated in the complaint, was that they would manufacture and ship such orders as plaintiff would place through Gruesen. Defendant argues that this agreement lacked mutuality of obligation. It has been stated that mutuality of obligation means that both parties to an agreement are bound or neither is bound. The Fair v. Estate Stove Co., 246 Ill. App. 558, 560; Bushnell v. Curtis, 236 Ill. App. 89. However, a contract need not be reciprocal as to every separate obligation. It is sufficient that it legally obligates both parties to abide by and perform its conditions. Industrial Nat. Gas Co. v. Sunflower Nat. Gasoline Co., 330 Ill. App. 343, 359-360; Bates Mach. Co. v. Bates, 192 Ill. 138. The want of mutuality is no defense where the contract is executed, (The Maccabees v. Stone, 306 Ill. App. 468) or where the party who is not bound to perform does perform. Corso v. Dixon, 348 Ill. App. 378, 384-5. In either event, the agreement was valid and enforceable when plaintiff placed the order with defendants.\nFurther, in the oral agreement defendants Mutual and Cash extended a continuing offer to plaintiff to accept orders. The agreement ripened into a contract when plaintiff accepted the offer by placing orders of a specified amount. By their agreement defendants must be regarded as continuously assenting to receive such performance in return for their own promise. Streich v. General Motors Corp., 5 Ill.App.2d 485, 494-495. Corbin on Contracts, Vol. 1, Sec. 157. Therefore the contract is valid and enforceable as to the ordered goods.\nThe next question is whether the oral agreement is barred by the statute of frauds. Defendants argue that it is within the statute, since it was entered into in December 1956 and was to cover the 1956-57 garden season and thus was to run for longer than one year (Ill. Rev. Stat., 1957, Ch. 59, Par. 1) and, further, that it concerned the sale of goods in excess of $500 and is barred under the statute. Ill. Rev. Stat., 1957, Ch. 121\u00bd, Par. 4(1).\nFor a contract to come within the statute, its terms must affirmatively show that it is not to be performed within one year. Taylor v. Scott, Foresman & Co., 178 Ill. App. 487. The statute does not apply if it appears from a reasonable interpretation of the terms of the agreement that it is capable of being performed within a year. Thermal-Tite Insulation Co. v. American Insulation Corp., 326 Ill. App. 252. It seems clear that a fair interpretation is that the 1956-57 garden season is less than one year. It is the period of gardening running from the winter of 1956 to the fall of 1957. In this respect, the contract does not fall within the statute.\nWith respect to the sale of goods being in excess of $500, the part payment of $2000 is adequate to remove the agreement from the statute of frauds. Ill. Rev. Stat., 1957, Ch. 121\u00bd, Par. 4(1).\nThe judgment is reversed and the cause remanded with directions that the motion to strike the amended complaint and dismiss the suit he denied and that defendants Mutual and Cash be required to answer the amended complaint, and for such other proceedings as are not inconsistent with the views herein expressed.\nJudgment, reversed and cause remanded with directions.\nDEMPSEY, P. J. and McCORMICK, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE SCHWARTZ" } ], "attorneys": [ "Raymond B. Morris, of Chicago (Samuel C. Morris, of counsel) for plaintiff-appellant.", "Philip D. Goodman, of Chicago (Charles D. Snewind, of counsel) for defendants-appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "David W. Hall, Jr., d/b/a Hall Industries and Hall Industries, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Frank Gruesen, d/b/a Gardencraft, Mutual Metal Manufacturing Co., a corporation, and C. D. Cash Mfg. Co., a corporation, Defendants-Appellees.\nGen. No. 47,656.\nFirst District, First Division.\nSeptember 14, 1959.\nReleased for publication October 19, 1959.\nRaymond B. Morris, of Chicago (Samuel C. Morris, of counsel) for plaintiff-appellant.\nPhilip D. Goodman, of Chicago (Charles D. Snewind, of counsel) for defendants-appellees." }, "file_name": "0465-01", "first_page_order": 475, "last_page_order": 481 }