{ "id": 5241495, "name": "John Bakovich, Plaintiff-Appellee, and J. M. Corbett Company, a Corporation for the Use of Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, a Foreign Corporation Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellee, v. The Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company, a Corporation, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "Bakovich v. Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co.", "decision_date": "1963-11-22", "docket_number": "Gen. No. 49,000", "first_page": "182", "last_page": "192", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "45 Ill. App. 2d 182" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "167 NE2d 805", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "26 Ill App2d 123", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5215772 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "129" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/26/0123-01" ] }, { "cite": "24 NE2d 382", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "303 Ill App 31", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 3345668 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "42" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/303/0031-01" ] }, { "cite": "171 Ill App 414", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 2771644 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "418" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/171/0414-01" ] }, { "cite": "80 Ill 185", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2680159 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/80/0185-01" ] }, { "cite": "45 NE2d 665", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "381 Ill 300", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2558729 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/381/0300-01" ] }, { "cite": "113 NE2d 629", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "160 Ohio St 103", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ohio St.", "case_ids": [ 1676857 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ohio-st/160/0103-01" ] }, { "cite": "185 NE2d 916", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "12 NY2d 703", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.2d", "case_ids": [ 2264622 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ny-2d/12/0703-01" ] }, { "cite": "192 NYS2d 929", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "9 App Div2d 236", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "A.D.2d", "case_ids": [ 3061232 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ad2d/9/0236-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 749, "char_count": 18630, "ocr_confidence": 0.55, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.5574844354967563e-07, "percentile": 0.8856209377457913 }, "sha256": "cc9f458ffbad441cfa59788ff34f2e2d90b11a190c11e5c77d76a1b122facf28", "simhash": "1:3a654cf39bad068a", "word_count": 3133 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:56:25.622271+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "FRIEND and BRYANT, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "John Bakovich, Plaintiff-Appellee, and J. M. Corbett Company, a Corporation for the Use of Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, a Foreign Corporation Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellee, v. The Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company, a Corporation, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "MR. PRESIDING JUSTICE BURKE\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nJohn Bakovich brought an action to recover damages for personal injuries sustained on June 1, 1955. He was injured in the employ of the J. M. Corbett Company, a contractor engaged in the excavating of the right of way for the Congress Street Expressway in Chicago. Plaintiff\u2019s injuries were sustained when another employee of the Corbett Company, while operating a power shovel, broke into a gas main of The Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company, causing a fire in which plaintiff was burned. Corbett Company, for use of an insurance company, was granted leave to intervene for the purpose of asserting its Workmen\u2019s Compensation lien in the amount of $4,130.82, covering compensation and medical expenses incurred on account of plaintiff\u2019s injury. The court required a remittitur of $7,500 to the verdipt of $25,000 and entered a judgment against defendant for $17,500. Plaintiff reserved the right to claim that the verdict was proper. Defendant appeals. Plaintiff asks that judgment be entered for the $25,000 awarded by the jury.\nPlaintiff\u2019s employer, the J. M. Corbett Company was making excavations in the construction of the Congress Street Expressway which extends in an easterly and westerly direction across and beyond the City of Chicago. The excavation work progressed from east to west. On June 1, 1955, Corbett reached the east curb of Green Street which extends in a northerly an,d southerly direction across Congress Street Parkway, the name at that point of the narrower street in the path of the expressway. The Expressway as it extends westward, passes beneath all streets it transverses from a northerly and southerly direction. The project required the removal and relocation, particularly at intersections, of the city\u2019s electrical conduits for street lighting, for police, fire department and traffic communications and signals, sewers, water mains, electrical telephone and telegraph cables, as well as the gas mains of the defendant.\nThe State of Illinois provided Corbett, as part of its contract with it, a composite blueprint of all existing utilities. This blueprint bears the legend \u201cPlan of Existing Conditions.\u201d Corbett was working off of this Plan of Existing Conditions on June 1, 1955. The plan shows a gas main twenty inches in diameter running in a northerly and southerly direction in and parallel with Green Street and its connection with a portion of another main six-inches in diameter and extending in an easterly and westerly direction. The six-inch main extended about thirteen feet east of the twenty-inch main. In 1955 the east and west main in Congress Street had been abandoned, except the thirteen foot section. There was gas in the thirteen foot section because it was connected to the twenty-inch main. Some of the witnesses speak of the thirteen foot section as the stub. Plaintiff says that the stub was sixteen feet in length. The evidence shows that it was about thirteen feet in length. In the amended complaint upon which plaintiff relies he speaks of the east-west six-inch main as thirteen feet of gas main. An instruction given at the request of the plaintiff also speaks of the thirteen foot section of the east-west Congress Street main.\nThe plan shows a vault of the Commonwealth Edison Company bearing the initials \u201cC.E.C.V.V.\u201d The west end of the vault of the Edison Company was approximately a foot to eighteen inches from the twenty-inch main. The six-inch main ran practically tight or adjacent to the north wall of the Edison vault. The six-inch gas main was north of this wall. On June 1, 1955, the defendant started to cut off or abandon both of its mains. The retirement of these facilities was to be accomplished by cutting off the twenty-inch main in Green Street at Yan Bur\u00e9n Street on the north and at Harrison Street on the south. The abandonment of the twenty-inch main in Green Street would, of necessity, cut off the supply of gas to the remaining portion of the six-inch east and west main in Congress Street. In its prior excavations Corbett had left the vault of the Edison Company intact. The Edison Company had removed its cables from this vault. The Edison Company vault extended about two feet east of the curb line of Green Street and at about the center of its intersection with Congress Parkway. The curb line is the line extending from the curb on one side of the street to the curb on the other side.\nAt about 10:30 a. m. on the day of the occurrence, Joseph Mason, a superintendent of Corbett and Gene Curry, a foreman for Corbett, had a conversation with defendant\u2019s foreman. Corbett did not intend to use any power shovels at the site on this day. The shovel work was advanced by Corbett because one of its drag lines was not working. For this reason Corbett decided to use a power shovel. There was considerable rubble on the east side of Green Street and Mason, the superintendent of Corbett, wanted to have the rubble picked up. Defendant\u2019s foreman gave permission to Corbett to put its power shovel to work in the rubble area at the east side of Green Street. It was understood that the shovel would be kept approximately six feet away from the curb line. Both Mason and Curry testified that defendant\u2019s foreman assigned a man to follow the operation in case the shovel came into contact with house outlets, leaders or service pipes running from the main to a house or building. These service pipes are not shown on the plan. Mason, the superintendent for Corbett, was familiar with the underground system of the defendant. He knew that the mains of the defendant intersected at street intersections and he was aware that there remained a portion of a six-inch gas main in Congress Parkway and that this main carried gas. In answer to an interrogatory the defendant said that the purpose of having its employee at the intersection of Green and Congress was \u201cprecautionary.\u201d An employee of defendant was in fact sent and remained in the vicinity of the Corbett rig as it worked along the east edge of Green Street. Defendant\u2019s employee was observed by the employees of Corbett. He stood along Green Street observing the operation of Corbett\u2019s shovel. Defendant\u2019s foreman stated \u201cthat there was absolutely no danger.\u201d\nNo question regarding the interpretation of the Plan of Existing Conditions as given by the State to Corbett is involved. Mason admitted that the plan showed the existence of both mains and that they were interconnected. There was no mention made of either the twenty-inch main or the six-inch main in the discussion between Mason, Curry and defendant\u2019s foreman. Mason left the site of this work to go to another job shortly after his conference with defendant\u2019s foreman. He left Curry in charge of the work. Curry decided to take the Edison vault out. Defendant was not informed of Curry\u2019s intention to dismantle the Edison vault. The Edison vault was not discussed in the conference Mason and Curry had with defendant\u2019s foreman. The shovel was then put to work along the east side of Green Street. Jack Hallberg was the operator. He did not have a map or plan showing the existence of defendant\u2019s mains. The shovel was operated in a northerly or north-westerly direction.\nPlaintiff was employed by Corbett as a truck driver. He was taking loads of debris from the excavation and dumping them at 35th and Kedzie, Chicago. At about 2:30 p. m. plaintiff returned with his truck to Congress and Green. The pavement on Green Street was intact. Normal vehicle traffic was shut off. When plaintiff came back to the site of the work he parked his truck so that it was facing south and within a few feet of the east edge of Green Street. The street dropped off at that point. The shovel was down in the area being excavated. The truck was about six feet higher and parked within swinging distance of the shovel. Plaintiff had parked his truck directly over the vault of the Edison Company. Hallberg then operated the shovel so that it broke through the south and the east walls of the vault of the Edison Company. An explosion and fire ensued when the six-inch main was pierced by the power shovel. Plaintiff was \u201chalf sitting\u201d on the driver\u2019s seat with his feet on the running board of the truck at the time Hallberg broke the gas main. Plaintiff was hospitalized.\nWe turn to a consideration of the contention of defendant that the court erred in not directing a verdict for it or, in the alternative, in not entering judgment notwithstanding the verdict. Plaintiff in arguing for affirmance of the judgment says that defendant, who with Corbett was engaged in a major public project (1) undertook along with Corbett, responsibility for the safety of Corbett\u2019s employees insofar as potential danger from defendant\u2019s mains was concerned or, (2) placed itself in a position whereby Corbett and its employees could rely upon defendant and its employees for their safety insofar as any danger from defendant\u2019s mains may have existed and that in the circumstances a duty arose to use ordinary care and skill to avoid the danger. Plaintiff states that the record shows that it is customary practice in dealing with public utilities during excavations to confer with the supervisory employees of the utilities company; that Corbett employed customary safety measures; that Corbett consulted with defendant, which had superior knowledge of the area; that defendant offered both advice and direction and stationed an employee to give directions to Corbett and observe Corbett\u2019s work for precautionary purposes; and that if the proximate cause of the occurrence was the negligence of Corbett, a joint actor in the prosecution of the work, defendant is equally negligent and thus liable for all damages sustained by plaintiff. Plaintiff maintains that Corbett and its em= ployees relied upon defendant for their safety in the performance of their work and that defendant advised them it was safe to proceed. Plaintiff insists that the defendant reasonably should have anticipated that having given directions to Corbett\u2019s employees and having assigned an employee to observe, for precautionary purposes, Corbett\u2019s operation, that Corbett\u2019s power driver would act in the way in which he did act.\nCorbett was aware of the existence and the location of the six-inch main which was broken by its shovel operator. Defendant owed plaintiff no duty to protect him from the negligence of his employer. Joseph Mason, the superintendent of Corbett, was aware of the existence and location of the main that was broken by the shovel operator. The Plan of Existing Conditions furnished to Corbett by the State showed the location of the gas main in Green Street and the remaining six-inch main in Congress Parkway and the intersection of these mains. Mason knew that the remaining portion of the six-inch main in Congress Parkway was adjacent to the vault of the Edison Company. It was the duty of Corbett to warn Curry and Hallberg of the existence of these mains and to protect plaintiff from injury. No such duty devolved upon defendant. Alesi v. City of New York, 9 App Div2d 236, 192 NYS2d 929, affd 12 NY2d 703, 185 NE2d 916; Wellman v. East Ohio Gas Co., 160 Ohio St 103, 113 NE2d 629; Merlo v. Public Service Co. of Northern Illinois, 381 Ill 300, 45 NE2d 665; Hale v. Johnson, 80 Ill 185; Haugh v. Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Inc., 171 Ill App 414, 418. The purpose of warning is to apprise a party of the existence of a danger of which he is not aware and thus to enable him to protect himself against it. The Corbett Company and its superintendent knew the location of defendant\u2019s mains. There is no duty to warn against risks which are known and obvious. It would be difficult for tbe various utilities engaged in public projects to supervise tbe work of one another. Plaintiff was injured by reason of the negligent manner in which his employer conducted his work and not through any negligence of defendant.\nWe agree with the contention of defendant that the chronological sequence of events shows that defendant could not foresee that plaintiff\u2019s employer intended to demolish the vault of the Edison Company and as a result thereof break the six-inch gas main. Mason, the superintendent and Curry, the foreman of Corbett, consulted with defendant\u2019s foreman about 10:30 a. m. They asked permission to cut along the east side of Green Street intending to put into use a power shovel. Curry testified that in the conversation with defendant\u2019s foreman, he and Mason decided to keep approximately six feet away from the curb line. The Edison vault extended about two feet beyond the existing curb line. Mason left the site of the work to go to another job. Had he remained at the site it is reasonable to assume that he would have given proper directions to Curry as well as Hallberg. Curry was left in charge of the work. Curry assumed that the six-inch main had been disconnected. He offered no explanation for his conduct except that defendant\u2019s foreman stated that there would be no possibility of any danger. Curry had no right to assume that the six-inch main in Congress Parkway was not interconnected with the twenty-inch main. Mason, the superintendent, was aware of the existence of the six-inch main and that it was interconnected with the twenty-inch main. Defendant\u2019s employees had not disconnected the mains. Plaintiff\u2019s injury was destined to occur when Curry decided to take the Edison vault out and leave only the west wall of the vault intact. Defendant was not informed of Curry\u2019s intention to dismantle or to take out the Edison vault. This vault was not mentioned in the discussion between Curry, Mason and the defendant\u2019s foreman. Curry in fact arrogated to himself the responsibility of determining what support should be given to defendant\u2019s twenty-inch main, which was directly behind and to the west of the Edison vault. Defendant had no knowledge that Corbett intended to make any excavation inside the curb lines of Green Street. The circumstances required Curry to inform defendant that he intended to take out or dismantle the Edison Company vault. The defendant had the right to consultation as to the protection to be given to its main in Green Street. Defendant was not required to assume that Corbett did not know its business. No one is bound to anticipate the negligence of another. Dabrowski v. Illinois Cent. R. Co., 303 Ill App 31, 42, 24 NE2d 382; Kuhn v. Goedde, 26 Ill App2d 123, 129, 167 NE2d 805; Merlo v. Public Service Co. of Northern Illinois, 381 Ill 300, 45 NE2d 665.\nDefendant\u2019s foreman recognized the possibility that in the operation of the shovel some outlets or leaders from the main to the demolished buildings might be struck. Defendant assigned one of its employees to guard against this possibility. This assignment was a precautionary measure to guard against the possibility that the shovel might strike service pipes or leads running from the gas mains to the houses. There were no service pipes leading to houses in the middle of the intersection. Defendant and its employees might well assume that Corbett would not undertake to knock down the vault while one of its trucks was. parked on top of it. There is no evidence that defendant\u2019s foreman and its employees were aware that Curry and Hallberg intended to dismantle the vault. It is unfortunate that Mason, the superintendent, did not communicate to his subordinates his knowledge of the existence of the six-inch main immediately north of the Edison vault. Apparently Curry did not have a copy of the Plan of Existing Conditions. Perhaps Mason thought that he would get back to the site in time to give appropriate directions.\nIn the conversation between Mason, Curry and defendant\u2019s foreman neither the twenty-inch nor the six-inch main was discussed. The defendant had a right to assume that Corbett was aware of the location of its mains which were plainly shown on the plan supplied by the State. Curry\u2019s assertion that defendant\u2019s foreman advised him that there would be no danger in making the excavations must be construed in the light of Curry\u2019s representation that the power shovel operation would be in a rubble area six feet away from the curb line.\nThe testimony relative to custom is predicated upon Curry\u2019s assertion that \u201cif there is any doubt in your mind, you certainly have to consult with them because that\u2019s their business. They are working right there for that specific company, you know.\u201d Curry, did not advise defendant that he decided to knock down the vault of the Edison Company. He asked no questions about the location of any gas mains. He did not say anything about the location or length of the six-inch main. Hallberg had not been given instructions to \u201ccrack down\u201d the Edison vault. Defendant took the precautionary measure of assigning a man to guard against the risk that some house outlets might be hit. Defendant did not volunteer to guide the shovel operator and did not direct this operator to knock down the Edison vault. At all times the shovel operator was under the control of Corbett. The plan supplied by the State was not complicated. The defendant had two mains, one extending in a northerly and southerly direction and the other a stub off of that main. The shovel operator required no directions from the defendant. The negligence was solely that of Corbett because of the failure of Mason to impart knowledge of the dangerous condition to Curry and Hallberg. Neither Curry nor Hallberg knew of the existence of the six-inch stub. Defendant had a right to assume that plaintiff\u2019s employer knew how to read the plans supplied by the State and to carry out its contract. It was not bound to anticipate the negligence of the shovel operator.\nWe are of the opinion that it was the duty of the court to direct a verdict for the defendant. Therefore the judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded with directions to enter a judgment notwithstanding the verdict for the defendant and against the plaintiff.\nJudgment reversed and cause remanded with directions.\nFRIEND and BRYANT, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "MR. PRESIDING JUSTICE BURKE" } ], "attorneys": [ "Ross, McGowan, Hardies & O\u2019Keefe, of Chicago (George J. O\u2019Grady and R. Marlin Smith, of counsel), for appellant.", "Jerome H. Torshen, Nat P. Ozmon and Samuel E. Bublick, of Chicago, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "John Bakovich, Plaintiff-Appellee, and J. M. Corbett Company, a Corporation for the Use of Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, a Foreign Corporation Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellee, v. The Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company, a Corporation, Defendant-Appellant.\nGen. No. 49,000.\nFirst District, Second Division.\nNovember 22,1963.\nRoss, McGowan, Hardies & O\u2019Keefe, of Chicago (George J. O\u2019Grady and R. Marlin Smith, of counsel), for appellant.\nJerome H. Torshen, Nat P. Ozmon and Samuel E. Bublick, of Chicago, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0182-01", "first_page_order": 192, "last_page_order": 202 }