{ "id": 3028399, "name": "EVELYN CHMIELESKI, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. VENTURE STORES, INC., Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "Chmieleski v. Venture Stores, Inc.", "decision_date": "1982-04-22", "docket_number": "No. 81-153", "first_page": "312", "last_page": "315", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "106 Ill. App. 3d 312" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "637 F.2d 477", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1353813 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "481" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/637/0477-01" ] }, { "cite": "343 N.E.2d 207", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "36 Ill. App. 3d 37", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2632881 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "42" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/36/0037-01" ] }, { "cite": "433 N.E.2d 713", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "104 Ill. App. 3d 894", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5476630 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/104/0894-01" ] }, { "cite": "284 N.E.2d 330", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "6 Ill. App. 3d 46", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2466579 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/6/0046-01" ] }, { "cite": "188 N.E.2d 383", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "39 Ill. App. 2d 217", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2456306 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/39/0217-01" ] }, { "cite": "430 N.E.2d 1135", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "103 Ill. App. 3d 36", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5483385 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "38" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/103/0036-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 445, "char_count": 6477, "ocr_confidence": 0.912, "pagerank": { "raw": 6.735780684626082e-08, "percentile": 0.40848443287620245 }, "sha256": "4bd10dbd4241e66e7e90d5fdb35378df26dcd9edaeb1a450fa2cc8b317f82b8e", "simhash": "1:f32288d7ffe3b5af", "word_count": 1066 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:02:18.366242+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "EVELYN CHMIELESKI, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. VENTURE STORES, INC., Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE LINN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff filed an action for personal injuries which she sustained when she fell on defendant\u2019s sidewalk outside its store. A directed verdict for liability was entered against defendant, and the jury then awarded $41,600 in damages. Defendant now raises numerous issues in challenging this judgment. While plaintiff has not filed a brief as appellee, we shall consider the merits of defendant\u2019s position.\nAbout 9 a.m. on Sunday, December 5, 1976, defendant\u2019s employee cleaned the sidewalk by defendant\u2019s store in Oak Lawn. This employee could not recall the later events, but his maintenance report for that day indicated that he would have checked the sidewalk every 30 minutes thereafter. Plaintiff arrived at defendant\u2019s store about 3:30 p.m. After conducting her business, she walked out onto the store sidewalk. About 25 feet from the defendant\u2019s doorway she fell, even though she walked carefully on the slippery sidewalk which was bumpy from footprints in the ice and \u201cslushy in spots.\u201d\nThe bystander, who witnessed the accident and then assisted plaintiff, testified that the sidewalk was very slippery. Although he did not see an accumulation of ice and snow in the immediate area, he recalled that the sidewalk was wet with a light layer of dirt which formed a \u201cslime condition.\u201d After assisting plaintiff into a store to await an ambulance, he went outside and saw several store employees salting the sidewalk.\nOver a defense objection a letter supposedly written by Roger Coin, an employee of defendant\u2019s insurer Liberty Mutual, was read to the jury by plaintiff\u2019s counsel. This letter had been sent to plaintiff\u2019s treating physician. Counsel for plaintiff stated to the jury that the letter bore the name of Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, its business address and the date of January 17, 1977. Plaintiff\u2019s counsel quoted from the letter indicating that Liberty Mutual was defendant\u2019s insurer; that Coin, a member of the claims department, had investigated the accident and was of the opinion that defendant was liable; and that he would handle all claims and expenses incurred by plaintiff as a result of the accident. Evidence was also introduced that over approximately a 7-month period from the date of the accident certain medical and other bills were paid by the insurer.\nDefendant\u2019s initial contention is that the trial court erred in denying its motion for a directed verdict and in granting plaintiff\u2019s motion for a directed verdict on the issue of liability. The question of defendant\u2019s liability is closely interwoven with the admissibility of the letter from Roger Coin.\nAs stated in Timmons v. Turski (1981), 103 Ill. App. 3d 36, 38, 430 N.E.2d 1135:\n\u201cIt is well settled that a property owner is not liable for injury sustained by a business invitee in a fall on an icy sidewalk or parking lot maintained by the property owner for the use of his customers where the condition is a natural one and not caused or aggravated by the property owner. (Zide v. Jewel Tea Co. (1963), 39 Ill. App. 2d 217,188 N.E.2d 383.) On the other hand, a property owner may be liable for injury sustained by a business invitee who falls and is injured as a result of snow and ice which did not accumulate as a result of natural causes but as the result of the property owner\u2019s conduct in creating an unnatural or artificial accumulation of the snow and ice. (Zide.) Although there is no duty to remove snow and ice from one\u2019s premises, a voluntary undertaking to remove such snow and ice may be the basis of liability if the removal is performed negligently. (DeMario v. Sears Roebuck & Co. (1972), 6 Ill. App. 3d 46, 284 N.E.2d 330.) However, mere removal of snow, which may leave a natural ice formation remaining on the premises does not of itself constitute negligence.\u201d\n(See also Smalling v. La Salle National Bank (1982), 104 Ill. App. 3d 894, 433 N.E.2d 713.) We are of the opinion that absent the letter by Roger Coin, the evidence does n\u00f3t show any basis to direct a verdict in favor of plaintiff on the issue of liability, or to even establish a basis for defendant\u2019s liability to be submitted to the jury.\nDefendant maintains that there was no authentication for the letter; that no foundation to show Coin\u2019s authority to bind defendant as a principal was demonstrated; and Coin\u2019s statement that defendant was liable was merely a legal conclusion or expression of opinion and not an admission on the ultimate issue of fact.\nIn commenting upon the introduction of an otherwise inadmissible hearsay statement of a third party in a situation such as the present case, one authority has stated: \u201c[I]t must be proved prima facie, that the third person was an agent * * *; and it must appear or be shown that he had authority as agent # e \u201d or otherwise to make the statement \u00b0 \u00b0 \u00b0 in question or that his statement or act had been ratified. Where a statement is in writing, it must also be identified by a witness who testifies to its correctness.\u201d 5 Callaghan\u2019s Illinois Evidence, sec. 10.77, pp. 424-425 (1964).\nThe evidence in the present case does not demonstrate that Roger Coin was an agent authorized to make a statement which would bind defendant. (Kapelski v. Alton & Southern R.R. (1976), 36 Ill. App. 3d 37, 42, 343 N.E.2d 207.) Further, Coin\u2019s statement was merely an expression of his opinion that defendant later disavowed. (Strauch v. United States (7th Cir. 1980), 637 F.2d 477,481.) We therefore believe that Coin\u2019s letter to plaintiff\u2019s physician was inadmissible as an admission. Absent this consideration the evidence presented by plaintiff was insufficient to establish defendant\u2019s liability. (Compare Timmons v. Turski, and authorities cited therein.) A directed verdict for defendant should therefore have been granted.\nAccordingly, the judgment of the circuit court is reversed.\nReversed.\nJOHNSON, P. J., and ROMITI, J., concur.\nThe co-defendant, Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company, received a directed verdict in its favor, and no question is raised as to the propriety of that ruling.\nAt the time of trial plaintiff\u2019s counsel represented that Roger Coin was no longer employed by Liberty Mutual and was unavailable to testify.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE LINN" } ], "attorneys": [ "Thomas J. Keevers and Daniel N. Janich, both of Chicago, for appellant.", "No brief filed for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "EVELYN CHMIELESKI, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. VENTURE STORES, INC., Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (4th Division)\nNo. 81-153\nOpinion filed April 22,1982.\nThomas J. Keevers and Daniel N. Janich, both of Chicago, for appellant.\nNo brief filed for appellee." }, "file_name": "0312-01", "first_page_order": 334, "last_page_order": 337 }