{
  "id": 2998236,
  "name": "MADONNA YORK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MODINE MANUFACTURING CO. et al., Defendants-Appellees",
  "name_abbreviation": "York v. Modine Manufacturing Co.",
  "decision_date": "1982-11-08",
  "docket_number": "No. 4\u201482\u20140190",
  "first_page": "235",
  "last_page": "238",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "110 Ill. App. 3d 235"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.",
    "id": 8837,
    "name": "Illinois Appellate Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 29,
    "name_long": "Illinois",
    "name": "Ill."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "67 Ill. B.J. 96",
      "category": "journals:journal",
      "reporter": "Ill. B.J.",
      "year": 1978,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "361 N.E.2d 282",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "66 Ill. 2d 103",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        5463476
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/66/0103-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "431 N.E.2d 1038",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "89 Ill. 2d 122",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        5493074
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/89/0122-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "412 N.E.2d 472",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "82 Ill. 2d 313",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        5474568
      ],
      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/82/0313-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "399 N.E.2d 596",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "year": 1980,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "78 Ill. 2d 204",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        3074180
      ],
      "year": 1980,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/78/0204-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
    "cardinality": 455,
    "char_count": 7593,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.749,
    "pagerank": {
      "raw": 4.4265276719536815e-08,
      "percentile": 0.27750285827474885
    },
    "sha256": "054749d44a77b419970e6b96e5c4159de59121f4ecf4095cd3d071a52ed77704",
    "simhash": "1:c6f3b7b7e471ce74",
    "word_count": 1234
  },
  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:28:01.901115+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "MADONNA YORK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MODINE MANUFACTURING CO. et al., Defendants-Appellees."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "JUSTICE WEBBER\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff appeals an order of the circuit court of McLean County which dismissed her complaint against the defendants pursuant to section 45 of the Civil Practice Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 110, par. 45). The theory of the complaint was common law negligence against her employer and the security service hired by the employer.\nAs against her employer, Modine Manufacturing Company (Mo-dine), plaintiff alleged that on November 7, 1979, and for a period of time previous thereto, she had been an employee of Modine; that Mo-dine had contracted with R.R.S., Inc. (R.R.S.), to provide security, control and protection services at Modine\u2019s plant; that on the date in question R.R.S. permitted Dennis York, a nonemployee, to enter a secured area of the plant and remain there for 3V2 hours; that plaintiff\u2019s shift' ended at about 12:05 a.m. on November 8, 1979, and at that time Dennis York shot plaintiff with a gun while in the secured area; and that prior to the incident plaintiff had advised Modine that Dennis York had threatened her safety, the threats were genuine, and that she wanted no contact with him while at her employment. Similar facts were alleged against R.R.S. For the purposes of the section 45 motion, these allegations must be taken as true.\nThe allegations of negligence against Modine are:\n\u201cMODINE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, undertook to provide a security service for the protection of its employees and failed to exercise reasonable care in doing so, in that it;\na) Failed to relay information and knowledge it had as [to] physical threats to the Plaintiff\u2019s safety to the guard service it had contracted.\nb) Failed to inform the Plaintiff that she could not rely upon the guard service provided with the knowledge that her physical safety was in danger.\nc) Failed to contract for sufficient guard and security services that would prevent the entry of unauthorized individuals into the secured area, thereby increasing the risk of harm of the Plaintiff from attack.\u201d\nThe allegations of negligence against R.R.S. are:\n\u201cThe Defendant, R.R.S. Inc., failed to exercise reasonable care in rendering of guard security and control services necessary for that protection of the Plaintiff, in that they: a) Failed to deny admission to the secured area to Dennis York.\nb) Failed to discover that Dennis York was carrying a deadly weapon.\nc) Failed to keep track of the location of Dennis York while he was within the secured area.\nd) Permitted Dennis York to remain in the secured area for upwards of 3V2 hours, without determining his whereabouts and reasons for staying.\ne) Failed to make security evaluations and advise MODINE MANUFACTURING COMPANY of the increased risk to its employees that its inadequate guard service created.\nf) Failed to advise the Plaintiff and other Modine employees that they could not rely upon their service for protection.\u201d\nIt is somewhat difficult to determine precisely what plaintiff\u2019s theory is. In her brief she states that the complaint against Modine is not based on any duty to protect her from the criminal acts of a third party. Rather, she maintains that Modine\u2019s duty arose out of \u201cits negligent performance of a voluntary undertaking. Modine undertook the hiring of a security firm to provide guard services for its plant.\u201d In support of this contention she cites three recent supreme court decisions involving guard services and the Chicago Housing Authority. Pippin v. Chicago Housing Authority (1979), 78 Ill. 2d 204, 399 N.E.2d 596; Cross v. Wells Fargo Alarm Services (1980), 82 Ill. 2d 313, 412 N.E.2d 472; and Phillips v. Chicago Housing Authority (1982), 89 Ill. 2d 122, 431 N.E.2d 1038.\nWe do not find these cases particularly helpful. They each involved the liability of one who undertakes to provide protection for a tenant or licensee. However, by plaintiff\u2019s citation to them we are led to the conclusion that the instant case is one of the group generally designated as \u201cpremises liability\u201d cases.\nIllinois remains a \u201cstatus\u201d jurisdiction; that is, the degree of care owed by a landowner to those on his premises is determined by the status of the latter. (Washington v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (1976), 66 Ill. 2d 103, 361 N.E.2d 282.) The rule has been much criticized. (See Justice Dooley\u2019s dissent in Washington; Appel, Premises Liability, 67 Ill. B.J. 96 (1978).) However, it remains the law in this State.\nPlaintiff\u2019s complaint alleges that she was an employee and for purposes of the litigation this must fix her status. It may therefore be well questioned whether section 5 of the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 48, par. 138.5) is not a complete bar to the action. The rationale of the premises liability doctrine is to afford some redress to persons who would not otherwise possess it. Employees enjoy the benefits of the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act, as well as the Federal Employees\u2019 Liability Act under appropriate circumstances. Any extension of an employer\u2019s duty to an employee beyond the ambit of these statutes should be approached with great caution.\nApart from the question of plaintiff\u2019s status, we find no factual allegations in the complaint against Modine which would raise some duty on its part toward plaintiff. The supreme court has iterated and reiterated in Pippin, Cross, and Phillips that there is no common law duty on a landowner to protect tenants, invitees or licensees from criminal acts. Rather, in each case it found potential negligence in the landowner\u2019s handling of security services. In Pippin, it was negligent hiring; in Cross it was inadequate protection by limiting hours; in Phillips it was inadequate securing of certain areas.\nPlaintiff makes the broad conclusory allegation that Modine employed R.R.S. for the protection of employees, but there are no factual allegations to support this. In Pippin and in Cross the contracts with the security companies provided specifically for the protection of both property and persons; in Phillips the landowner itself undertook to seal off certain areas to keep the premises safe for the tenants. Even under the most liberal reading of the allegations of negligence against Modine we are not able to perceive that R.R.S. was employed to protect persons, and even if it were, that Modine was negligent in the hiring, that it restricted R.R.S.\u2019s activities in such a way as to endanger plaintiff, or that Modine itself did anything which would increase plaintiff\u2019s danger. In short, the complaint states no cause of action against Modine.\nThe allegations against R.R.S. suffer from the same malady: there is no allegation, and a liberal reading can divine none, that it was hired to protect persons. In Pippin the supreme court had no difficulty in finding a cause of action stated against the security service pursuant to section 324A(c) of the Restatement (Second) of Torts (1965); just the opposite was found under the same section in Cross; but in both cases the specific provision of the contract of hire was for persons and property.\nThe order of the circuit court of McLean County dismissing the complaint was correct and it is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nMILLS and TRAPP, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "JUSTICE WEBBER"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Mike McElvain, of Bloomington, for appellant.",
      "Costigan & Wollrab, of Bloomington, for appellee Modine Manufacturing",
      "Ralph Schroeder, of Livingston, Barger, Brandt, Slater & Schroeder, of Bloomington, for appellee R.R.S., Inc."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "MADONNA YORK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MODINE MANUFACTURING CO. et al., Defendants-Appellees.\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201482\u20140190\nOpinion filed November 8, 1982.\nMike McElvain, of Bloomington, for appellant.\nCostigan & Wollrab, of Bloomington, for appellee Modine Manufacturing\nRalph Schroeder, of Livingston, Barger, Brandt, Slater & Schroeder, of Bloomington, for appellee R.R.S., Inc."
  },
  "file_name": "0235-01",
  "first_page_order": 257,
  "last_page_order": 260
}