{ "id": 2995985, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CHARLES ROGERS, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Rogers", "decision_date": "1982-11-03", "docket_number": "No. 80\u20143273", "first_page": "410", "last_page": "417", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "110 Ill. App. 3d 410" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "247 N.E.2d 35", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "107 Ill. App. 2d 305", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 1596858 ], "year": 1972, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "309-10" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/107/0305-01" ] }, { "cite": "417 N.E.2d 851", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "93 Ill. App. 3d 725", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3134578 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "730" }, { "page": "731" }, { "page": "730" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/93/0725-01" ] }, { "cite": "357 N.E.2d 1256", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "44 Ill. App. 3d 185", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2815152 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "193" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/44/0185-01" ] }, { "cite": "390 N.E.2d 131", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "71 Ill. App. 3d 611", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5580121 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "616-17" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/71/0611-01" ] }, { "cite": "308 N.E.2d 577", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "56 Ill. 2d 361", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5404559 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "364" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/56/0361-01" ] }, { "cite": "422 N.E.2d 127", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "96 Ill. App. 3d 880", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 12143420 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "883-84" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/96/0880-01" ] }, { "cite": "395 N.E.2d 86", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "76 Ill. App. 3d 280", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3282453 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "285" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/76/0280-01" ] }, { "cite": "433 N.E.2d 1119", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "105 Ill. App. 3d 10", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5469310 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "16-17" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/105/0010-01" ] }, { "cite": "437 N.E.2d 722", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "107 Ill. App. 3d 422", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3023046 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "429" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/107/0422-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 S. Ct. 273", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "54 L. Ed. 2d 181", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "434 U.S. 894", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6405124, 6405222, 6405325, 6406317, 6405935, 6405421, 6405041, 6405555, 6404951, 6405786, 6405661, 6406111 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/434/0894-03", "/us/434/0894-04", "/us/434/0894-05", "/us/434/0894-12", "/us/434/0894-10", "/us/434/0894-06", "/us/434/0894-02", "/us/434/0894-07", "/us/434/0894-01", "/us/434/0894-09", "/us/434/0894-08", "/us/434/0894-11" ] }, { "cite": "363 N.E.2d 838", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "66 Ill. 2d 551", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5463653 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "559" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/66/0551-01" ] }, { "cite": "289 N.E.2d 631", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "52 Ill. 2d 564", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5393878 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "568" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/52/0564-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 S. 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Ed. 2d", "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "435 U.S. 937", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 3106, 3091, 2397 ], "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/435/0937-02", "/us/435/0937-01", "/us/435/0937-03" ] }, { "cite": "367 N.E.2d 1313", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "67 Ill. 2d 564", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5811071 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "578" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/67/0564-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 756, "char_count": 15936, "ocr_confidence": 0.76, "pagerank": { "raw": 7.009237019130764e-08, "percentile": 0.4233007406995543 }, "sha256": "4e57ffa3bef0db0c1b6a8d3580e3319b29bfcad2d82346fb282b1a6b020d12a2", "simhash": "1:4f4119df7bb3df85", "word_count": 2653 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:28:01.901115+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CHARLES ROGERS, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE WHITE\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nFollowing a jury trial, defendant, Charles Rogers, was found guilty of attempted robbery and sentenced to a term of imprisonment of SVa years. On appeal, he contends: (1) that he was not proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt; (2) that the prosecution\u2019s closing argument deprived him of a fair trial; and (3) that the trial court abused its discretion in having the court reporter read the jury portions of the complaining witness\u2019 testimony.\nThe only occurrence witness produced by the prosecution at trial was the complainant, Captain Hemphill. Hemphill testified that at about 9:45 p.m. on June 13, 1980, he was waiting for a westbound bus near 1658 West Madison Street in Chicago. Defendant, whom he had never seen before that night, approached him and said something about knowing Hemphill from high school. Hemphill told defendant that \u201che did not know me.\u201d After this conversation, defendant grabbed him by the arm and pulled him \u201cto the side.\u201d At that time, a second person approached Hemphill from behind, and defendant asked him \u201cto unask the motherfucking money.\u201d Defendant proceeded to go through Hemphill\u2019s pockets, finding a dime and a wallet. There was no money in the wallet, and defendant returned both items to Hemphill. Defendant then said, \u201cWe know you have the money in your shoe, brother man.\u201d At this time, a CTA bus drove up, and Hemphill ran for the bus. When he reached the bus, the bus driver would not open the door, so Hemphill ran down the street after it. While running west on Madison, Hemphill saw defendant running after him. After he passed the bus stop at Wood Street, Hemphill observed that the two men were no longer following him. He stopped at the next bus stop, Wolcott Street. A few minutes later, he saw defendant approaching him from the north. Hemphill then crossed Madison and defendant said, \u201cBrother man, carry your motherfucking ass back.\u201d Hemphill turned and saw that defendant was walking fast. Defendant was alone at this time. Hemphill ran down Madison, saw a Chicago police car and flagged it down. He told police officers about the attempted robbery. First the police incorrectly stopped one man; Hemphill shouted to them that they had the wrong man and pointed to the defendant. The police then stopped defendant and brought him back to where Hemphill was standing. At this time Hemphill identified defendant. Shortly thereafter, Hemphill toured the area with plainclothes police officers in search of the second offender. They did not find him.\nOfficers Ollie Gavin and Arthur Browder of the Chicago police department testified. Their testimony corroborated Hemphill\u2019s testimony.\nDefendant testified that at approximately 9:30 p.m. on June 13, 1980, he was sitting in the Skybox Lounge, a discotheque located at 1656 West Madison Street, writing his nickname, Disco King, on a $20 bill, when a person who looked like Hemphill approached and spoke with him. Defendant told this man that he had not attended Crane High School and that he did not live \u201cout south.\u201d Following the conversation, the other man walked away. Defendant put the money in his pocket, and fell asleep for a couple of minutes. He was awakened by a person named \u201cJunebug,\u201d and both men left the lounge together and walked a block west to a liquor store. Defendant ordered a half pint of rum, but when he reached in his pocket, he discovered his $20 bill was not there. He and Junebug then left the store and started back toward the lounge. On their way back, at approximately 9:45 p.m., defendant saw Hemphill standing by a bus stop with a couple of other people.\nWith regard to his confrontation with Hemphill, defendant testified that he held Hemphill\u2019s arm for a few seconds and that he had a conversation with Hemphill. Junebug was present at this time. Defendant asked Hemphill if he had attended Crane High School and if he lived \u201cout south.\u201d Hemphill responded negatively to both inquiries. At this point, defendant said, \u201cMan, you lying. Unask my motherfucking money.\u201d Hemphill did not respond, and defendant went through Hemph\u00fcl\u2019s pockets and found a wallet and some change, perhaps only a dime. Defendant immediately returned the change, and he returned the wallet after he saw that his $20 bill was not there. Then a bus came, and Hemphill started to run toward it. Hemphill did not board the bus, and Junebug started chasing him. Defendant ran after Junebug, caught up with him after a block, and told him that Hemphill was not the man who had taken his money. Then Junebug \u201ccut out,\u201d and defendant walked back toward the Skybox Lounge. When defendant looked back, he saw Hemphill speak with the police and the police stop another man. When the police officers approached him, he did not try to run. The officers \u201cfrisked\u201d him, put him in their car and took him to where Hemphill was standing. On cross-examination, defendant stated that he had assumed that Hemphill had taken his money.\nOn the basis of this evidence, the jury found defendant guilty of attempted robbery. Defendant\u2019s first contention is that the evidence against him was so unsatisfactory as to raise a reasonable doubt of guilt. His argument is that his explanation that he merely attempted to recover a $20 bill that he mistakenly, but in good faith, believed Hemphill had taken from him a short time earlier, was far more probable and reasonable than Hemphill\u2019s testimony of an attempted robbery. He further argues that improbable aspects of Hemphill\u2019s testimony, inconsistencies in Hemphill\u2019s testimony, and inconsistencies between Hemphill\u2019s testimony and the arresting officers\u2019 testimony, raised a reasonable doubt of guilt, especially in light of defendant\u2019s reasonable explanation.\nRobbery is defined by statute as the taking of \u201cproperty from the person or presence of another by the use of force or by threatening the imminent use of force.\u201d (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 38, par. 18 \u2014 1.) And the offense of attempted robbery is committed when with intent to commit a robbery, a person does any act which constitutes a substantial step toward the commission of that offense. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1979, ch. 38, par. 8 \u2014 4.) Defendant does not contend that Hemphill\u2019s testimony failed to establish any of the elements of attempted robbery. Rather his argument goes to the weight of the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses.\nIt is well settled in Illinois that a reviewing court may not substitute its judgment for that of the trier of fact on questions involving the weight of the evidence or the credibility of the witnesses, and that a criminal conviction will not be reversed unless the evidence is so improbable as to raise a reasonable doubt of guilt. (People v. Manion (1977), 67 Ill. 2d 564, 578, 367 N.E.2d 1313, cert. denied (1977), 435 U.S. 937, 55 L. Ed. 2d 533, 98 S. Ct. 1513; People v. Stringer (1972), 52 Ill. 2d 564, 568, 289 N.E.2d 631.) Hemphill\u2019s testimony, if believed, was clearly sufficient to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, and we will not disturb the jury\u2019s verdict.\nDefendant next contends that several closing argument comments by the prosecution deprived him of a fair trial. Several of these arguments were waived by his failure to object to the remarks during argument. (People v. King (1977), 66 Ill. 2d 551, 559, 363 N.E.2d 838, cert. denied (1977), 434 U.S. 894, 54 L. Ed. 2d 181, 98 S. Ct. 273.) We elect to consider one of them. At the outset of its rebuttal closing argument, the prosecution commented that the burden to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt is not an \u201cunreachable plateau\u201d or \u201cimpossible goal\u201d and that the burden is met every day in criminal courts throughout the nation. Similar comments in other cases have been held improper because they have \u201cthe effect of lessening the importance of the State\u2019s burden of proof by implying that reasonable doubt was merely a proforma or minor detail.\u201d (People v. Hopkins (1982), 107 Ill. App. 3d 422, 429, 437 N.E.2d 722; People v. Belton (1982), 105 Ill. App. 3d 10, 16-17, 433 N.E.2d 1119; People v. Martinez (1979), 76 Ill. App. 3d 280, 285, 395 N.E.2d 86.) However, several cases have also held that such a comment, although improper, was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. (Hopkins; Belton; People v. Ayala (1981), 96 Ill. App. 3d 880, 883-84, 422 N.E.2d 127.) Here, even assuming that this issue had not been waived, we conclude that the error committed did not contribute to the jury\u2019s verdict and was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.\nDefendant did object to the prosecution\u2019s rebuttal closing argument comment that the people of the State of Illinois have a right to be free from crime and from criminals like defendant. We are of the opinion that any prejudice resulting from this comment was cured by the trial judge\u2019s statement to the jury after the comment. Although he overruled the objection, the court admonished the jury that this was merely an argument of counsel and that it was the jury\u2019s responsibility to evaluate and weigh the testimony of the witnesses.\nLastly, defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in having the court reporter read the jury portions of the complaining witness\u2019 testimony. After the jury had deliberated for 2V2 hours, the jury sent a note to the trial judge which stated:\n\u201cThe jury is split over the events surrounding the defendant pursing the plaintiff. Specifically, Mr. Hemphill testified that Mrs. (sic) Rogers and Junebug returned a second time to pursue Mr. Hemphill. Is it possible to review the testimony regarding that sequence of events? At least to discuss them.\u201d\nIn response to the jury\u2019s request, the trial judge, the assistant State\u2019s Attorney, defense counsel, and the court reporter reviewed the court reporter\u2019s notes of the testimony relating to the sequence of events in question. Then the trial judge, stating that the grant or denial of the request was within his discretion, had two segments of Hemphill\u2019s direct examination testimony read to the jury. In the first segment, Hemphill testified that a few minutes after the first confrontation, he saw defendant approaching him and that he crossed Madison Street. At this point, the man across the street said, \u201cBrother man, carry your motherfucking ass back.\u201d Hemphill turned and saw that defendant was walking toward him fast, so he ran down Madison Street. In the second segment, Hemphill testified that the second time he saw defendant that night, defendant was coming from the north. Approximately 30 minutes after this testimony was read, the jury returned a verdict of guilty.\nIt is within the discretion of the trial court to allow or refuse a jury\u2019s request for a review of testimony. (People v. Pierce (1974), 56 Ill. 2d 361, 364, 308 N.E.2d 577.) \u201cIn the exercise of its discretion, the trial court is charged with determining whether a review of the testimony requested would be helpful or harmful to the jury\u2019s proper deliberations.\u201d (People v. McClellan (1979), 71 Ill. App. 3d 611, 616-17, 390 N.E.2d 131; People v. Bell (1976), 44 Ill. App. 3d 185, 193, 357 N.E.2d 1256.) And it \u201cmay grant the jurors the opportunity to have read to them testimony that is relevant to their inquiry but which does not encompass all of the testimony of the prosecution and the defense.\u201d People v. Pallardy (1981), 93 Ill. App. 3d 725, 730, 417 N.E.2d 851.\nA review of the two segments of Hemphill\u2019s testimony would have been helpful to the jury because, if believed, it would render defendant\u2019s testimony that he mistakenly thought Hemphill had taken money from him incredible. Defendant had testified that after his confrontation with Hemphill on the street, he realized that Hemphill was not the person at the Skybox Lounge. If this were true, defendant would have had no reason to pursue Hemphill a second time after he knew that Hemphill had not taken his money. Indeed, defendant\u2019s testimony was inconsistent with a second pursuit. Furthermore, the testimony to be read to the jury was not lengthy, and reading it would cause no unreasonable delay. Under these circumstances, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in permitting a review of the two segments of Hemphill\u2019s testimony.\nDefendant argues, however, that the jury\u2019s note was ambiguous in that it could be construed as a request only for a review of Hemphill\u2019s testimony regarding the second pursuit or as a request to review all the testimony regarding the second pursuit. We observe that the note only referred to the testimony of Hemphill. \"However, even if we were to construe the note more broadly, it is clear from the record that Hemphill was the only witness to testify as to the second pursuit. Therefore, we conclude that there was no abuse of discretion in not having that part of defendant\u2019s testimony concerning the events which occurred after Hemphill ran for the bus read to the jury.\nDefendant also argues that it was error to rely on the notes of the court reporter and that as a consequence of such reliance, inconsistent testimony given by Hemphill on cross-examination was not read to the jury. Defendant refers to Hemphill\u2019s cross-examination testimony that at the time of the second pursuit, he did not have any conversation with defendant. On direct examination, Hemphill had testified that defendant said, \u201cBrother man, carry your motherfucking ass back.\u201d In our opinion, there is no inconsistency between the direct and cross-examination testimony because a threatening statement by the defendant to the victim is not a conversation. Since there was no inconsistency between the portions of Hemphill\u2019s testimony that was read and the omitted portion, no prejudice resulted from the procedure. (People v. Pallardy (1981), 93 Ill. App. 3d 725, 731.) Moreover, Pallardy recognized that a trial court, in the exercise of its discretion, may properly allow testimony to be read from a court reporter\u2019s notes. 93 Ill. App. 3d 725, 730.\nLastly, defendant argues that the trial judge\u2019s instructions to the jury at the time the testimony was read improperly suggested that the jury should make no further requests for review of the testimony. This contention is not supported by the record. The words of the trial judge were:\n\u201cNow, I am going to give a direction to the court reporter to read back to you those two areas of the transcript. *** Please do not make any comments to the Court, do not make any oral comments, or do not make any additional questions to the Court. If you have any questions, and I am not encouraging them, if you have any later one, they may be put in writing.\u201d\nThus, the trial judge attempted to prevent any oral questions. He did not, however, prohibit subsequent written questions.\nFor the aforementioned reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nMcNAMARA and RIZZI, JJ., concur.\nWe express no opinion as to whether defendant\u2019s testimony that he was mistakenly attempting to recover his own money, if believed by the jury, would support a conviction of attempted robbery. (See People v. Uselding (1969), 107 Ill. App. 2d 305, 309-10, 247 N.E.2d 35; but see W. LaFave and A. Scott, Criminal Law see. 94, at 693-94 (1972).) And we specifically observe that defendant\u2019s testimony as to his \u201cinnocent mistake\u201d is inconsistent with Hemphill\u2019s testimony as to his second confrontation with defendant. Defendant did not testify to any second confrontation.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE WHITE" } ], "attorneys": [ "James J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (Hugh Stevens, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellant.", "Richard M. Daley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Michael E. Shabat, Casimir J. Bartnik, and Stephen R. Botti, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CHARLES ROGERS, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (3rd Division)\nNo. 80\u20143273\nOpinion filed November 3, 1982.\nRehearing denied December 14, 1982.\nJames J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (Hugh Stevens, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellant.\nRichard M. Daley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Michael E. Shabat, Casimir J. Bartnik, and Stephen R. Botti, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0410-01", "first_page_order": 432, "last_page_order": 439 }