{ "id": 3518342, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MICHAEL BAILEY et al., Defendants-Appellees-(The Department of Corrections, Intervenor-Appellant)", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Bailey", "decision_date": "1983-06-28", "docket_number": "No. 82\u20142586", "first_page": "259", "last_page": "264", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "116 Ill. App. 3d 259" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. 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App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3263931 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "509" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/73/0507-01" ] }, { "cite": "319 N.E.2d 760", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "59 Ill. 2d 236", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2960564 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "237" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/59/0236-01" ] }, { "cite": "205 N.E.2d 631", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "56 Ill. App. 2d 119", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5285965 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "128" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/56/0119-01" ] }, { "cite": "280 N.E.2d 744", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1965, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "4 Ill. 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MICHAEL BAILEY et al., Defendants-Appellees\u2014(The Department of Corrections, Intervenor-Appellant)." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE HARTMAN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThis appeal by the Department of Corrections (Department) involves only the propriety of sentences imposed upon two juvenile, criminal defendants, Michael Bailey, 14, and Alerich Banks, 16, who, in two separate and unrelated cases, were tried as adults (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 37, par. 702\u20147) and found guilty of robbery. Each was given four years\u2019 probation conditioned on their serving the first six months in the custody of the Juvenile Division of the Department. Neither defendant appealed his conviction or sentence.\nAfter sentencing, the Department sought leave to file a limited appearance for the sole purpose of vacating the commitment orders, contending that the sentences were contrary to section 5\u20146\u20143(d) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Code) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005\u20146\u20143(d)). The circuit court denied the Department\u2019s motions, holding that section 5\u20146\u20143(d) did not apply to juvenile defendants. This appeal followed. The substantive issue presented for review is whether juvenile defendants may be placed on probation conditioned on first serving a term of six months or less in the Juvenile Division of the Department. We affirm.\nI\nA. Defendants move to dismiss the appeal, arguing that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to hear the department-intervenor\u2019s motion for leave to file a limited appearance. They contend that although intervention is permitted in civil matters under section 2 \u2014 408 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 110, par. 2\u2014 408), it is barred in criminal controversies. Their contention was not presented to the circuit court, however. The failure of a litigant to object to the decision of the court permitting intervention precludes the raising of the issue for the first time on appeal. (People v. Rockford Silver Plate Co. (1944), 388 Ill. 534, 537, 58 N.E.2d 599; In re Leyden Fire Protection District (1972), 4 Ill. App. 3d 273, 275, 280 N.E.2d 744.) Accordingly, that issue here has been waived. Rasmussen v. Village of Bensenville (1965), 56 Ill. App. 2d 119, 128, 205 N.E.2d 631.\nB. Citing People v. Smith (1974), 59 Ill. 2d 236, 319 N.E.2d 760, defendants and the State (appellees) contend that this controversy is moot, observing that both defendants have already been released from custody of the Department. In Smith, defendant was placed on five years\u2019 probation conditioned upon his serving the first nine months in the House of Corrections. The supreme court held that defendant\u2019s completion of the period of incarceration rendered moot defendant\u2019s attack on the propriety of his sentence, as distinguished from the conviction, even though the term of probation apparently had not expired. 59 Ill. 2d 236, 237; see also In re B.S. (1979), 73 Ill. App. 3d 507, 509, 392 N.E.2d 62; People v. Armstrong (1976), 43 Ill. App. 3d 586, 599, 357 N.E.2d 84.\nSmith is inapposite. There defendant was challenging the validity of a sentence he had already served. (People v. Smith (1973), 16 Ill. App. 3d 100, 104, 305 N.E.2d 714, rev\u2019d on other grounds (1974), 59 Ill. 2d 236.) Here, the Department is litigating the use of its facilities to house certain juvenile defendants, rather than the validity of the sentence as such. More importantly, this controversy falls within that exception to the general mootness doctrine for cases \u201c \u2018capable of repetition, yet evading review.\u2019 \u201d (Madison Park Bank v. Zagel (1982), 91 Ill. 2d 231, 236, 437 N.E.2d 638; see August H. Skoglund Co. v. Department of Transportation (1978), 67 Ill. App. 3d 276, 280, 384 N.E.2d 849; cf. People ex rel. Black v. Dukes (1983), 96 Ill. 2d 273.) This exception is limited to those situations where: (1) the chailenged action is in its duration too short to be fully\" litigated prior to its cessation; and (2) there is a reasonable expectation that the same complaining party would be subjected to the same action again. Murphy v. Hunt (1982), 455 U.S. 478, 71 L. Ed. 2d 353, 102 S. Ct. 1181; Gannett Co. v. DePasquale (1979), 443 U.S. 368, 377, 61 L. Ed. 2d 608, 620, 99 S. Ct. 2898, 2904.\nThe foregoing conditions are satisfied here. First, the sentences at issue are of short duration; the law prohibits a sentence of probation conditioned on a term of imprisonment in excess of six months. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005\u20146\u20143(d).) Thus, ordinarily, any defendants so sentenced will have completed their period of incarceration prior to the time in which the appeal can be determined. This assertion is exemplified by the present facts, wherein although the Department successfully moved to expedite its appeal, defendants were released from custody many months before oral argument. Second, given the inherent ambiguity in the statutory scheme, discussed infra, and the need to place certain juveniles on probation conditioned on a period of incarceration, it is reasonable to assume that the Department will be ordered to house minors similarly sentenced in the future. Therefore, we will consider the merits of this appeal.\nII\nThe Department argues that defendants\u2019 sentence of four years\u2019 probation conditioned on their serving the first six months in the Juvenile Division of the Department must be vacated, since they were contrary to section 5\u20146\u20143(d) of the Code. That section states, in part: \u201c*** Persons committed to imprisonment as a condition of probation *** shall not be committed to the Department of Corrections.\u201d (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005\u20146\u20143(d).) The Department maintains that juvenile defendants, therefore, may not be sentenced to the Juvenile Division of the Department as a condition of probation. The Department\u2019s reliance on People v. Toler (1975), 32 Ill. App. 3d 793, 801, 336 N.E.2d 270, to support this assertion is unwarranted, since that case involved an adult, rather than juvenile, defendant. Appellees respond that the sentences were proper and in accordance with section 5\u20148\u20146(c) of the Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005\u20148\u20146(c)), which reads: \u201cAll offenders under 17 years of age sentenced to imprisonment shall be committed to the Juvenile Division of the Department of Corrections ***.\u201d\nThe Department urges that the latter proviso is silent with respect to imprisonment as a condition of probation. Thus, it asserts, the statutes do not conflict and the clear, unambiguous language of section 5\u20146\u20143(d) controls. We disagree.\nA salutary principle of statutory construction requires that section in pari materia must be considered with reference to each other so that both sections may be given harmonious effect. (People v. Scheib (1979), 76 Ill. 2d 244, 250, 390 N.E.2d 872; Galvin v. Galvin (1978), 72 Ill. 2d 113, 118, 378 N.E.2d 510.) Both sections 5\u20146\u20143(d) and 5\u20148\u20146(c) concern the location of imprisonment for sentencing purposes. Thus, the term \u201cpersons\u201d in section 5\u20146\u20143(d) must be construed, in light of section 5\u20148\u20146(c), to refer to those 17 years of age or older. This construction affords meaning to both paragraphs, and follows the mandate of section 5\u20148\u20146(c) that all offenders under age 17 sentenced to imprisonment be committed to the Juvenile Division of the Department. The purpose of the latter statute is to protect minors from the \u201chardening influence and possible abuse from fellow inmates\u201d over 17. People v. Taylor (1979), 76 Ill. 2d 289, 310, 391 N.E.2d 366.\nYet another principle of construction applies here: specific statutory provisions prevail over general provisions on the same subject. (People ex rel. Oller v. Cairo & Thebes R.R. Co. (1936), 364 Ill. 329, 333, 4 N.E.2d 482; Waldbillig Woodworking, Inc. v. King Arthur\u2019s North, Ltd. (1982), 104 Ill. App. 3d 417, 421, 432 N.E.2d 1048.) On balance, section 5\u20148\u20146(c) is more particular than 5\u20146\u20143(d), in reference to the issue at bar; it expressly pertains to the place of confinement for those under age 17, whereas 5\u20146\u20143(d) deals with the broader subject, \u201cconditions of probation.\u201d Therefore, to the extent that the legislative enactments may be said to disagree, section 5\u20148\u20146(c) must govern.\nThe Department\u2019s construction that juvenile defendants cannot be committed to the Juvenile Division as a condition of probation, creates additional problems and questions. It does not affirmatively answer the question of where minors sentenced to imprisonment as a condition of probation are to be committed. The determination of where juvenile criminals shall be placed is purely a legislative function, with courts possessing no discretion in the matter. (People v. Fowler (1958), 14 Ill. 2d 252, 259, 151 N.E.2d 324.) In Illinois, the legislature and courts have always required that juvenile offenders be detained or incarcerated separately and apart from the general prison population. (See 1975 Ill. Att\u2019y Gen. Op. S\u2014910.) The fact that a juvenile has been tried as an adult does not preclude his being required to serve his sentence in the Juvenile Division of the Department. (See, e.g., People v. Cater (1979), 78 Ill. App. 3d 983, 398 N.E.2d 28.) The concern for a juvenile\u2019s incarceration may well address considerations different from those contemplated in selection of the trial forum before which his guilt or innocence is to be adjudicated. The Department suggests that juvenile defendants receiving the type of sentence in question should be placed in a \u201ccounty facility\u201d other than \u201cCook County Jail,\u201d but does not refer to any statutory authority in support thereof, nor has any been found.\nThe Department also maintains that if the legislative enactments are viewed as conflicting, section 5\u20146\u20143(d) should control, because it represents the most recent manifestation of legislative intent. The pertinent part of section 5\u20146\u20143(d) became effective July 1, 1974 (Ill. Ann. Stat., ch. 38, par. 1005\u20146\u20143(d), Historical Note, at 518 (Smith-Hurd 1982)); the relevant portion of section 5\u20148\u20146(c) was effective January 1, 1973. (Ill. Ann. Stat., ch. 38, par. 1005\u20148\u20146(c), Historical Note, at 209 (Smith-Hurd 1982).) The rule of construction relied upon by the Department provides: \u201cIf there is an irreconcilable conflict between the new provision and the prior statutes relating to the same subject matter, the new provision will control as it is the later expression of the legislature.\u201d (2A J. Sutherland, Statutes & Statutory Construction sec. 51.02 (4th ed. 1973).) This rule, however, is inapplicable because there is no \u201cirreconcilable conflict\u201d between the enactments involved here. When construed with reference to each other, they are indeed compatible. As noted in Sutherland, \u201c[statutes in pari materia, although in apparent conflict, are so far as reasonably possible construed to be in harmony with each other.\u201d\nThe State\u2019s request for costs is denied. Department of Revenue v. Appellate Court (1977), 67 Ill. 2d 392, 367 N.E.2d 1302.\nFor the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nDOWNING, P.J., and STAMOS, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE HARTMAN" } ], "attorneys": [ "Tyrone C. Fahner, Attorney General, of Springfield (Leslie J. Rosen, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), for appellant.", "Richard M. Daley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Michael E. Shabat, Paula Carstensen, and Peter M. Delongis, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People.", "James J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (Frank P. Madea, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellees Michael Bailey and Alerich Banks." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MICHAEL BAILEY et al., Defendants-Appellees\u2014(The Department of Corrections, Intervenor-Appellant).\nFirst District (2nd Division)\nNo. 82\u20142586\nOpinion filed June 28, 1983.\nTyrone C. Fahner, Attorney General, of Springfield (Leslie J. Rosen, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), for appellant.\nRichard M. Daley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Michael E. Shabat, Paula Carstensen, and Peter M. Delongis, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People.\nJames J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (Frank P. Madea, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellees Michael Bailey and Alerich Banks." }, "file_name": "0259-01", "first_page_order": 281, "last_page_order": 286 }