{
  "id": 3628087,
  "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MILTON C. JACOBSON, Defendant-Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Jacobson",
  "decision_date": "1983-10-31",
  "docket_number": "No. 82\u20142403",
  "first_page": "103",
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    "id": 8837,
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      "reporter": "U.S.",
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      "opinion_index": 0,
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:31:44.831415+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MILTON C. JACOBSON, Defendant-Appellant."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "JUSTICE McGLOON\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant, Milton C. Jacobson, appeals from an order of the circuit court of Cook County denying his motion to quash a subpoena du-ces tecum and an order adjudging him in contempt of court.\nOn appeal, defendant contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to quash the subpoena which requested production of documents protected by the attorney-client privilege.\nWe reverse and remand.\nOur review of the record discloses the following facts. Denise Morales, Hugo Novales and Martha Novales were attacked by three offenders while attending a rock concert. The offenders were subsequently indicted on criminal charges. Defendant, a licensed attorney, was retained by Morales and the Novales to represent them in a civil action against various owners of the rock concert site. In preparation of the civil suit, defendant had conversations with his clients concerning the facts upon which their civil action was based. It is undisputed that these conversations were privileged communications protected by the attorney-client privilege. Furthermore, each client testified that he or she did not want to waive their privilege.\nThe three offenders filed a motion for discovery seeking copies of the statements made by Morales and the Novales to their attorney. Thereafter, the State subpoenaed defendant\u2019s records concerning his conversations with his clients. Defendant filed a motion to quash the subpoena duces tecum alleging that the communications were privileged.\nFollowing a hearing, the trial court determined that the documents subject to the subpoena were protected by the attorney-client privilege. However, the court denied defendant\u2019s motion and ordered an in camera inspection of the documents. The inspection, the court stated, would be conducted in order to determine whether the documents contained information material to the offenders\u2019 criminal defense which might be discoverable under Brady v. Maryland (1963), 373 U.S. 83, 10 L. Ed. 2d 215, 83 S. Ct. 1194. (In Brady, the United States Supreme Court held that suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due process where the evidence is material to an accused\u2019s defense.) Defendant refused to tender the documents to the court and was found in contempt and fined.\nDefendant contends that privileged communications between an attorney and his client are not subject to review by a trial court in a separate criminal proceeding.\nThe policy underlying the attorney-client privilege is to encourage full and frank consultation between a client and his attorney by removing the fear of compelled disclosure of information. (People v. Adam (1972), 51 Ill. 2d 46, 280 N.E.2d 205.) Strict confidentiality, promoted by permanent protection from disclosure, is the very essence of the existence of the attorney-client privilege. It is also the basis for allowing such communications complete exemption from discovery. Shere v. Marshall Field & Co. (1974), 26 Ill. App. 3d 728, 327 N.E.2d 92.\nIn Illinois, as in most jurisdictions, the attorney-client privilege is codified:\n\u201cPrivilege and Work Product. All matters that are privileged against disclosure on the trial, including privileged communications between a party or his agent and the attorney for the party, are privileged against disclosure through any discovery procedure. Material prepared by or for a party in preparation for trial is subject to discovery only if it does not contain or disclose the theories, mental impressions, or litigation plans of the party\u2019s attorney. The court may apportion the cost involved in originally securing the discoverable material, including when appropriate a reasonable attorney\u2019s fee, in such manner as is just.\u201d 87 Ill. 2d R. 201(b)(2).\nCase law, as codified by our statute, therefore establishes that privileged communications are at the instance of the client permanently protected from discovery. If a client is called as a witness he need not be a party to the action in order to invoke the protection of the privilege. An attorney must be afforded similar protection. Otherwise, the policy of the privilege would be destroyed.\nThe State contends that the offenders\u2019 sixth and fourteenth amendment rights to confront one\u2019s accusers should take precedence over defendant\u2019s right to prohibit the disclosure of their confidential conversations with their attorney. We disagree. People v. Duarte (1979), 79 Ill. App. 3d 110, 398 N.E.2d 332.\nIn denying defendant\u2019s motion, the trial court found that where an accused\u2019s constitutional rights conflict with the traditional right of the attorney-client privilege, the court should be allowed to review the materials subject to the subpoena to determine whether any of that material meets the requirement of disclosure. Under Brady, however, the communications sought to be disclosed were not clothed with the protection of the attorney-client privilege. It is undisputed that the documents and records which the State seeks to discover in the instant case are protected by the attorney-client privilege. Moreover, in Brady the evidence which the criminal defendant attempted to discover was in the possession of the State. The instant case is further distinguishable in that the criminal offenders seek to discover documents in the possession of an attorney who is not a party. Accordingly, we find that defendant was justified in refusing to tender the privileged materials. Under the circumstances of the present case, to compel an attorney to disclose privileged communications upon threat of contempt would defeat the policy of the privilege.\nFor the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County and remand the cause for further proceedings.\nOrder reversed; cause remanded.\nGOLDBERG and CAMPBELL, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "JUSTICE McGLOON"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Steven M. Sandler, of Chicago, for appellant.",
      "Richard M. Daley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Michael E. Shabat, Marie Quinlivan, and Maria Elena Gonzalez, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MILTON C. JACOBSON, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (1st Division)\nNo. 82 \u2014 2403\nOpinion filed October 31, 1983.\nSteven M. Sandler, of Chicago, for appellant.\nRichard M. Daley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Michael E. Shabat, Marie Quinlivan, and Maria Elena Gonzalez, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People."
  },
  "file_name": "0103-01",
  "first_page_order": 125,
  "last_page_order": 127
}